機(jī)械工程英語Unit3Turning

1.turningn.車削

2.lathen.車床3.mountv.安裝4.turretn.轉(zhuǎn)塔5.boringn.鏜削加工6.diversityv.使多樣性，使變化7.dampv.使減振，緩沖8.guidewayn.導(dǎo)軌9.carriagen.(機(jī)床的)拖板,床鞍10.spindlen.主軸Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.11.hydraulica.液壓的

12.lengthwisea.&ad.縱向，縱長(zhǎng)的13.gearboxn.齒輪(變速，傳動(dòng))箱14.headstockn.車頭箱，主軸箱15.hollowa.空的，中空的16.tapern.圓錐v.錐形的17.threadn.螺紋18.chuckn.卡盤，夾頭19.tailstockn.尾架20.quilln.活動(dòng)套筒，襯套Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.21.longitudinallyad.縱向地

22.screwn.螺桿23.nutn.螺帽（母）24.apronn.拖板箱25.keywayn.鍵槽26.rearn.后部27.triangulara.三角形的28.trapezoidala.梯形的29.clampn.夾緊裝置Vt.夾（緊，持，住）30.identicala.同一的，相等的Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.31.grooven.凹槽

32.padn.墊片33.washern.襯墊，墊圈34.chipn.薄片，金屬屑35.bornea.有局限的36.contourn.輪廓，外形37.cylindricala.圓柱（體，形）的38.helixn.螺旋線39.pitchn.齒節(jié)，螺距40.peripheryn.邊緣，外圍Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.41.spiraln.螺旋線

42.apexn.頂,頂點(diǎn)43.conen.錐面，錐體44.handlen.柄，把手45.conicala.圓錐的46.kinematica.運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)的47.profilen.縱剖面48.knurln.V.滾花，壓花49.circumferentiala.環(huán)繞的，圓周的50.optimala.最佳（優(yōu)）的51.coolantn.冷卻劑Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Thelatheanditsconstruction

車床及其結(jié)構(gòu)Alatheisamachinetoolusedprimarilyforproducingsurfacesofrevolutionandflatedges.

車床主要是用來加工回轉(zhuǎn)表面和端面的機(jī)床。Basedontheirpurpose,construction,numberoftoolsthatcansimultaneouslybemounted,anddegreeofautomation,lathes-or,moreaccurately,lathe-typemachinetools-canbeclassifiedasfollows:Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.基于各種車床的用途、結(jié)構(gòu)、可同時(shí)安裝的刀具的數(shù)目和自動(dòng)化程度，車床，或者更精確地說，車削類型的機(jī)床，可分為下列類型：1）Enginelathes動(dòng)力車床，普通車床2）Toolroomlathes（萬能）工具車床3）Turretlathes轉(zhuǎn)塔車床，或六角車床4）Verticalturningandboringmills立式鏜車床5）Automaticlathes自動(dòng)車床6）Special-purposelathes專用車床Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Lathebed床身Thelathebedisthemainframe，involvingahorizontalbeamontwoverticalsupports.

床身是車床的主要框架，包括支撐在兩根立柱上的一根橫梁。horizontala.水平的horizontalbeam橫梁verticala.垂直的Itisusuallymadeofgreyornodularcastirontodampvibrationsandismadebycasting.

它通常是由吸收振動(dòng)的灰口鑄鐵和球墨鑄鐵鑄制而成。Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Headstock主軸箱Theheadstockisfixedatthelefthandsideofthelathebedandincludesthespindlewhoseaxisisparalledtotheguideways(theslidesurfaceofthebed.主軸箱安裝在床身的左端,它包括主軸,其軸線與導(dǎo)軌(床身的滑動(dòng)表面)平行。Somemodernlatheshaveheadstockswithinfinitelyvariablespindlespeeds,whichemployfrictional,electrical,orhydraulicdrives.一些現(xiàn)代車床的主軸箱采用無級(jí)變速，采用摩擦傳動(dòng)、電力傳動(dòng)或液壓傳動(dòng)。Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Tailstock尾架Thetailstockassemblyconsistsbasicallyofthreeparts,itslowerbase,anintermediateparts,andthequill.

安裝好的尾架組件包括三個(gè)基本部分：底板、中間體和尾架套筒。

Thelowerbaseisacastingthatcanslideonlathebedalongtheguideways,andithasaclampingdevicetoenablelockingtheentiretailstockatanydesiredlocation,dependinguponthelengthoftheworkpiece.底板是鑄件，能沿著導(dǎo)軌在床身上滑動(dòng)，

Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.且有一夾緊裝置，能根據(jù)工件的長(zhǎng)度，在任何位置鎖緊整個(gè)尾架。Theholeintheopensideofthequillistaperedtoenablemountingoflathecentersorothertoolsliketwistdrillsorboringbars.

套筒開端的孔是錐孔，便于安裝車床頂尖和其他諸如麻花鉆或鏜桿之類的刀具。twistdrill麻花鉆

boringbar鏜桿Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Thecarriage拖板(溜板)Themainfunctionofthecarriageismountingofthecuttingtoolsandgeneratinglongitudinaland/orcrossfeeds.

拖板的主要作用是安裝切削刀具以及產(chǎn)生縱向和（或）橫向進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)。ItisactuallyanH-shapedblockthatslidesonthelathebedbetweentheheadstockandtailstockwhilebeingguidedbytheV-shapedguidewaysofthebed.拖板實(shí)際上是一個(gè)H形的滑車。當(dāng)由床身上的V形導(dǎo)軌引導(dǎo)時(shí)，能在床身上的主軸箱和尾架之間滑動(dòng)。Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Lathecuttingtools車床切削刀具Theshapeandgeometryofthelathetoolsdependuponthepurposeforwhichtheyareemployed.車刀的外形和幾何形狀取決于其用途。Turningtoolscanbeclassifiedintotwomaingroups,namely,externalcuttingtoolsandinternalcuttingtools.車刀可分為兩大類，即外車刀和內(nèi)車刀。Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Turningtools外圓車刀Facingtools端面車刀Cutofftools切斷刀Thread-cuttingtools螺紋車刀

Thread-cuttingtoolshaveeithertriangular,square,ortrapezoidalcuttingedges,dependinguponthecrosssectionofthedisiredthread.

根據(jù)所要求車削螺紋的橫斷面形狀，螺紋車刀不僅有三角形、方形刀刃還有梯形刀刃。Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Formtools樣板刀，成形刀Formtoolshaveedgesespeciallymanufacturedtotakeacertainform,whichisoppositetothedesiredshapeofthemachinedworkpiece.

成形刀的刃口專門加工成一特定的形狀，其形狀與加工工件的理想形狀相反。Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Fig.11.2indicatesanarrangementofthislattertype,whichincludesthecarbidetip,thechipbreaker,thepad,theclampingscrew(withawasherandanut),andtheshank.

圖11.2表示了機(jī)械緊固安裝形式，其中包括硬質(zhì)合金刀頭、斷屑器、墊片、緊定螺釘（以及墊圈和螺母），還有刀桿。

thecarbidetip硬質(zhì)合金刀頭

thechipbreaker斷屑器thepad墊片

theclampingscrew緊定螺釘

washer墊圈

nut螺母Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Asthenamesuggests,thefunctionofthechipbreakeristobreaklongchipseverynowandthen,thuspreventingtheformationofverylongtwistedribbonsthatmaycauseproblemsduringthemachiningoperation.

正如名稱所示，斷屑器的功用是不時(shí)地將長(zhǎng)切屑斷開，這樣可防止形成很長(zhǎng)的切屑扭轉(zhuǎn)帶，因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)扭轉(zhuǎn)帶可能會(huì)在機(jī)加工中引發(fā)問題。longtwistedribbons長(zhǎng)（切屑）扭轉(zhuǎn)帶

everynowandthen常常，不時(shí)地Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Latheoperations車床操作

Cylindricalturning外圓車削Asingle

fullturnoftheworkpiecegeneratesaCirclewhosecenterfallsonthelatheaxis;thismotionisthenreproducednumeroustimesasaresultoftheaxialfeedmotionofthetool.

對(duì)工件進(jìn)行的一次簡(jiǎn)單完整的車削產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)以車床軸線為中心的圓；這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)接著重復(fù)進(jìn)行了很多次，形成了刀具的軸向進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)。

thelatheaxis車床軸線

theaxialfeedmotion軸向進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Theresultingmachiningmarksare,therefore,ahelixhavingaverysmallpitch,whichisequaltothefeed.

因而，產(chǎn)生的機(jī)加工痕跡是一根螺旋線，螺旋線的螺距很小，其值與進(jìn)給量相等。

The

axialfeedisprovidedbythecarriageorthecompoundrest,eithermanuallyorautomatically,whereasthedepthofcutiscontrolledbythecrossslide.

軸向進(jìn)給是由拖板或復(fù)式刀架，既可通過手動(dòng)走刀也可自動(dòng)走刀進(jìn)行，而切削深度是由橫拖板控制的。

compoundrest復(fù)式刀架

Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Facing端面車削Usually,itispreferredtoclampthecarriageduringafacingoperation,sincethecuttingforcetendstopushthetool(and,ofcourse,thewholecarriage)awayfromtheworkpiece.

通常在端面加工中首先要夾緊大拖板，因?yàn)榍邢髁τ袑⒌毒撸ó?dāng)然，包括整個(gè)拖板）推離工件的傾向。Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Groovecutting切槽加工Boringandinternalturning

鏜孔和內(nèi)孔車削Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.Taperturning錐面車削TaperturningisachievedbydrivingthetoolinadirectionthatisnotparalledtothelatheaxisButinclinedtoitwithananglethatisequaltothedesiredangleofthetaper.

錐面車削是通過沿一不平行于車床軸線的方向驅(qū)動(dòng)刀具完成的。該方向與車床軸線傾斜成一夾角，并與錐面所要求的角度相等。Evaluati