醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)英語1-4單元術(shù)語解釋、短語和課后習(xí)題答案

PAGEPAGE5Chapter1HumanBodyasaWholeMedicalTerminologyLearnthefollowingcombiningforms,prefixesandsuffixesandwritethemeaningofthemedicalterminthespaceprovided.1.ahormonesecretedfromtheadrenalgland2.inflammationoftheadrenalgland3.pertainingtomedicine4.pertainingtobiology5.pertainingtochemistry6.pertainingtothebloodvessel7.pertainingtocells8.pertainingtomolecules9.pertainingtothemedicineofthelivingthing10.thestudyofthelivingthing11.pertainingtothephysicsofthelivingthing12.thestudyoftheheart13.thediseaseoftheheart14.therecordoftheheartwaves15.thestudyofthehumaninnersecretionfromglands16.pertainingtotheproductionofhormone17.thestudyofinnerglandsecretion18.theredbloodcell19.thewhitebloodcell20.thelymphcell21.thestudyofcell22.thestudyofchemistryofcell23.thestudyofbiologyofcell24.thestudyofembryo25.thetumoroftheembryo26.thestudyofthediseaseoftheembryo27.thestudyofthehumaninnersecretionfromglands28.pertainingtotheinsideoftheheart29.pertainingtotheinsideofthecell30.abovetheskin31.abovetheskin32.inflammationoftheskin33.redbloodcells34.instrumentofmeasuringredbloodcells35.tobreatheoutthewastegas36.todrivesomebodyorsomethingout37.tospreadoutside38.sththatproducesdiseases39.thestudyofblood40.bloodcells41.thestudyoftissues42.thestudyoftissuepathology43.therapytreatment,hencetissuetreatment44.pertainingtothebase45.pertainingtothetoxin46.pertainingtosymptoms47.thestudyofbody’sautoprotectionfromdiseases48.protectedfrom49.deficiencyintheimmunesystemofthebody50.substancefromtheadrenalgland51.waterfromit52.thestudyofsocieties53.thestudyofurinarysystemaresubjectto易于發(fā)生resultin導(dǎo)致millionth百萬分之一equal等于average一般aspeckbarelyvisible基本上看不見的一個小點Thesciencethatdealswithcellsonthesmalleststructuralandfunctionalleveliscalledmolecularbiology.從最小的結(jié)構(gòu)及功能水平研究細胞的科學(xué)叫分子生物學(xué)。livingjelly生命膠囊encloses覆蓋isdone完成external以外的semipermeable半透性的phospholipid磷脂（膜）intact完整distribute分布diffusion擴散dissolved分解pinocytosis胞飲作用breaksloose分裂出來driftsinto進入variesfromto在范圍內(nèi)變化dependingon取決于vanish消失stiffening增強劑glucose葡萄糖runthrough交織twiststhrough交織穿過stacks堆appearto看來playapartin對起作用hereditarytraits細胞特性strands條串toothinlystrung過于稀疏sphericalstructure球體狀cavities孔穴coordinates協(xié)調(diào)KeytotheExercisesB1.cytology2.protoplasm3.cellmembrane4.cellnucleus5.cytoplasm6.deoxyribonucleicacid7.semipermeable8.molecularbiology9.carbodydrate10.differentially11.tokeep….intact12.ontheevidenceof…13.hereditarytrait14.diffusion15.transaction16.blueprint17.chromosome18.pigment19.toexcretewasteliquid20.todisperse21.impulse22.ribonucleicacidKeytotheExercisesC細胞質(zhì)的各處以及沿著胞漿網(wǎng)有數(shù)量很多的核糖體。2.位于細胞上的叫做“小穴”的小室收集化學(xué)信號，并把它們傳送到細胞。3.研究細胞的科學(xué)家已經(jīng)確立：一個細胞可能有一個網(wǎng)球那么大，也可能成千上萬個細胞合在一起才有針尖那么大。4.對于那些單細胞的有機體而言，這種液體是題細胞以外的水，即海洋、湖泊或小溪；但對于多細胞的生物而言，這種媒介就是生物體的一部分——對于植物來講是它的汁液，對于動物來講是它的血液。Chapter2DiseasesandDisordersMedicalTerminologyLearnthefollowingcombiningforms,prefixesandsuffixesandwritethemeaningofthemedicalterminthespaceprovided.1.withoutsymptoms2.lackofblood3.pertainingtotheconditionoflackingshape4.cuttingapartthebodyasabranchofmedicalsciences5.examinationthroughseparation,takingthingsapart6.aspecialistwhoseworkistocarryoutanalysis7.thex-rayphotoofthebloodvessel8.surgicalrepaieofthevessel9.inflammationofthebloodvessel10.destroysorweakensbacteriaorneutralizesthepoisontheyproduce11.stimulatestheproductionofantibodies12.destroysorinhibitsthegrowthofmicroorganismssuchasbacteria13.sthtodowiththelungs14.pertainingtotheurinarytract15.pertainingtoheredity16.notenough;lack17.nolongergenerate,produce,godown18.ribonucleicacidwithoutoxygen19.thecompleteknowledgeaboutapatient20.completeseparationofwastematterfrom…21.acrossmeasurementofaroundsurface22.themachinewhichrecordstheheartelectricwaves23.therecordofthemuscleelectricwave24.therecordofelectricwaveofthebrain25.withinaparticulargroupofpeople26.toclosein27.toswallowin28.completeknowledgeofapatient29.thestateofknowingsthbeforeitactuallyoccurs30.recordofelectricwaveoftheheart31.anx-rayphotoofthebloodvessel32.anx-rayphotoofthemuscle（spinalcord）33.themachinewhichrecordstheheartelectricwaves34.theinstrumentwhichmeasuresthetime35.theinstrumentwhichmeasuresthebreath36.theprocessoftakingX-rayphotograph37.theprocessofusingultrasoundtodetecttheabnormalityofthebody38.inflammationoftheliver39.thecelloftheliver40.pertainingtotheliverandstomach41.inflammationofthecolon42.inflammationofthestomach43.inflammationoftheintestine44.theprocessoftakingx-rayphotosofthebreasts45.x-rayphotosofthebreasts46.surgicalreconstructionofthebreasts47.theinstrumentformeasuringamountofairbreathedintothelungs48.theinstrumentformeasuringtemperatures49.theinstrumentformeasuringpressure50.theabnormalconditionofhardening51.abnormalmindcondition52.pertainingtoinfection53.pertainingtothenerve54.pertainingtothemucus55.thestudyofdiseases56.theinstrumenttorecorddiseases57.germsthatproducediseases58.atapeofcellofthebodydefensesystemdestroysinvaders59.thestudyofhowthecellofthebodydefensesystemdestroysinvaders60.surgicalrepairofthebloodvessel61.surgicalrepairofthebone62.surgicalrepairofthemuscle63.statusofawomanbeforeherlabor64.tomakestatementaboutthefutureevent65.beforeitismature66.pertainingtothelungs67.thestudyofthelungs68.inflammationofthelungs69.thesciencewhichdealswithxrayorradioactivesubstances70.pertainingtoradioactivity71.theinstrumenttoexaminetheheartandlungsbylistening72.theinstrumentthatcanmakebacteriaandviruslooklargerenoughtobeexamined73.theinstrumentwhichisusedtoexaminethebladder74.theinstrumentformeasuringtheamountofairbreathedintothelungs75.breathing76.havingtodowiththespirometer77.theinstrumenttoexaminetheheartandlungsbylistening78.thechestpain79.tomeasurethecircumferenceofthechest80.treatmentofdiseasesbymedicine(chemistry)81.treatmentofdiseasesbyxrayorradioactiveagents82.treatmentofdiseasesbyphysicalmeans83.thestudyofurinarysystem84.theinstrumentwhichmeasuressugarintheurine85.todowiththereproductiveorganandtheurinarytractKeytotheSectionAExerciseB1.thecoloncolitis2.thestomachgastritis3.theintestineenteritis4.thelungspumonitis5.thebreastmammitis6.thethyroidthyroiditis7.thelymphvessellymphangitis8.thebloodvesselvasculitis9.theadrenalglandadrenalitis10.thebloodvesselangitisSectionBReadingsPassageOneHumanDiseasesLanguagePoints:briefsurvey概論glimpse印象fundamentals基礎(chǔ)、原理thepictureisnotcomplete這一概論就不完整themodernapproachtothestudyofdisorder現(xiàn)代對疾病的研究方法aspect方面definedasacondition被定義為一種狀態(tài)succumbto受制于inturn反過來說detect覺察swollenbloodvessel血管擴張strikes侵襲community社區(qū)runsashortcourse病程短oftenhitswithoutwarning常常發(fā)作沒有前兆gradualonset發(fā)病慢ailment（精神）病causativeagents病愿體airbornedroplets空氣小粒sneeze打噴嚏produce導(dǎo)致adisease-producingorganism一個致病的有機體disturbances紊亂poorlyoperatingnervoussystem神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)工作不良provoked引發(fā)drugaddiction吸毒成性Furthermore而且genepatterns基因improperlyoperating工作狀態(tài)不良Geneticdisorders基因失調(diào)inbornerrorsofmetabolism先天性代謝失調(diào)mentalretardation智力發(fā)育遲緩placestobreed繁衍的世界broadly廣義地wardoff阻止sexualcontact性接觸cholera霍亂typhoidfever傷寒熱t(yī)ainted腐爛的barriers屏障offerconsiderableresistance在很大程度上抵抗Inminorcases在較輕的病例中l(wèi)inedwithmucus-secretingcells覆蓋滿了能分泌黏液的細胞trap捕捉dustparticles塵粒wavelikeafieldofwheat象麥田里的小麥一樣舞動foreignmatter異物potential潛在的thrive蓬勃繁殖assumeshigher達到高燒Wax蠟flockto群集在trytolocalizetheinfection使感染局部化pus-filledabscesses膿塊Unless如果不drain排除blocked擋住tender松柔的brought感染上傳traces侵襲long-lasting長期的range包括areaclassof一種被稱為sites部位linkwith相連hookup粘和outofaction失去作用byinactivating失去活性keyportionoftheharmfulsubstance關(guān)鍵有害部分butterthesurface表面涂上一些奶油makethemtastiertophagocytes讓吞噬細胞更喜歡吞噬它們intermediate中間體actuallydestroy實施消滅fixes會有一個eatthrough咬穿burst暴開severalkinds若干themostplentifulandversatile數(shù)量最多用途最多nextmostplentiful數(shù)量次多adaptedto適合atthefirstsignsof一有。。出現(xiàn)againsttheinfection對付傳染病involved涉及triggeredby觸發(fā)tomultiply準(zhǔn)備繁殖arenotthebestqualifiedtofightawiderangeofantigens不是對付廣普抗原的最好選擇concentrates集中stickswellto粘連switchedoff停止exampleofnegativefeedbackcontrol消極反饋控制的例子KeytotheExerciseE（每一個抗體由一條化學(xué)亞單位（即氨基酸）的重鏈和一條輕鏈所構(gòu)成。這條輕鏈上有特別的部位，氨基酸能使其補體和抗原子相連。）（某些情況下，通過調(diào)理素作用的過程，抗體在抗原表面涂抹上一些“奶油”，讓吞噬細胞更喜歡吞噬它們。）（在另一些情況下，抗體和一個細菌抗原合上以后，卻需要一個中間體，或補體來實施對該細胞的消滅。于是，當(dāng)抗體和抗原的結(jié)合體隨血液循環(huán)時，該結(jié)合體有一個補體附體。）（在第一天左右，血液中沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)對付傳染病的抗體。但是，這只是因為涉及抗體制造的基本細胞已被當(dāng)前的抗原存在所觸發(fā)而準(zhǔn)備開始繁殖。）KeytotheSectionBPassage1ExerciseFtoimpairproperfunction2.tocontaminateenvironment3.malfunction4.causativeagent5.vulnerablegroups6.localizedinfection7.venerealdisease8.antigenandantibodySectionB,Passage2DiagnosisandPrognosisLanguagePoints：clinicalencounters就診過程setthestageformakingadiagnosis觸使醫(yī)生作出一個診斷diagnosisisaccomplishedwith一個完整的診斷由病人的。。。而組成standard標(biāo)準(zhǔn)preferablyquotingthepatient最好引用患者的自述statingthepurposeofthevisit陳述就診的目的thedurationofthecomplaint病痛持續(xù)的時間thepatientstatesarequestinsteadofacomplaint也可將患者的要求作為主訴Otherphysiciansinvolvedinthepatient’scare患者的其他保健醫(yī)生howmuch輕重程度Whatmakesthesymptombetterorworse,pastmedicalcare癥狀的好轉(zhuǎn)或加重的影響因素tonarrowdiagnosticpossibilities縮小診斷范圍drughabits有無藥物成癮availabletothepatient患者可獲得Review回顧Prognosis預(yù)后encounter遇到getrecovered痊愈tostaywell病情好轉(zhuǎn)theforecastoftheprobableresults對病情可能的發(fā)展作出預(yù)測discuss探討toexpectfromtheclinicalcourseofthecondition在治療過程中所期盼的resolve痊愈reassuranceisoftenallthatisneeded安慰就行了agivenpatient特定的病人bedeterminedprimarily主要取決于awareofhis/herwillingnesstodiscusstheprognosis意識到討論預(yù)后與否取決于病人的愿意bestconductedatfollow-upvisits最好在隨訪中進行thetwo雙方Thebest最高明的blend….together交融在一起throughthecomplicatedstepsofshock,denial,depression,andacceptanceoffatalillness度過身患致命疾病的震驚，否認，抑郁，和接受現(xiàn)實的復(fù)雜階段abandonthepatient扔下病人不管KeytotheExerciseB1.(Thesequestionwillsetthedoctorworkingtowardsadiagnosis,i.e.determinethecauseofanillness.)2.(Therefore,itisessentialforthedoctortotellthepatientwhatdiseaseheissufferingandoffertodiscusswiththepatientabouttheprognosis.)3.(Ifthepatientistorecoverwithoutanybadphysicalconsequence,allthephysicianneedstodoistotakehimfeelthathewillbewellsoon.)4.(Althoughmostpatientswanttoknowwhateverhappenstothem,adoctorshouldknowwhethertotellthemthetruthdependsnotonhimbutonpatients.)5.(Adoctor’sdutyistomakehispatientrealizewhethertodiscusstheprognosisisuptothepatienttodecide.)6.(Whatabestdoctorcandoistotellthepatientthetruthtogetherwithself-confidenceandhelphimthroughthemostdifficultstepsofshock,denial,depressionandacceptanceofthefact.)KeytotheExerciseD1.electromyogram2.nuclearmagneticresonance3.multiplescletosis4.glucose-tolerancetest5.electrocardiograph6.optimisticprognosis7.sequelaeofdisease8.ultrasonography9.fiberoptictechnology10.medicalhistory11.hematopoieticsystem12.follow–upactivity13.fatalillnesses14.nutritionaldeficiency15.bodyfluids16.tohighlightdetails17.hazard-freetreatment18.electroencephalogram19.non-invasivetest20.blood-starvedtissueChapter3MuscularSystemSectionAMedicalTerminologyLearnthefollowingcombiningforms,prefixesandsuffixesandwritethemeaningofthemedicalterminthespaceprovided.pertainingtoanarteryinflammationofanarterystudyofarteriesthemuscleoftwoheadsinthefrontoftheupperarmbothhandstotwosidespertainingtothecerebralcortexandspinalcordinflammationoftheouterpartsofthepleurapertainingtoacortexinflammationoftheskinofskinandmusclethescienceoftheskinanditsdiseasesdisordercausedbydefectivenutritionormetabolismpainfulordifficulturinationimperfectorpainfuldigestionsurgicalremovalofthethymusglandsurgicalexcisionofthestomachsurgicalremovalofapartofanarterydeficiencyofbloodsupplyunrestrainedgrowthofleukocyteandtheirprecusorsinthetissuesthenumberofcirculatingredbloodcellpertainingtotheoutsideoftheeyeorvisioninthebloodamature,fiber-formingcellpertainingtoreproductionreproducing;generationanactofforminganeworganismhighbloodpressureincreaseinsizeofanorganorstructuredeficiencyofsugerinthebloodhavingabodytemperaturebelownormallowbloodpressurelackofnecessaryorproperbloodsubstancesinthebodyabnormalshapeorstructuredefectivefunctionthescienceofstructureandformwithoutregardtofunctionformsoforganismswithoutdefiniteformhavingmorethantwonucleihavingmorethantwocellshavingmorethantwomoleculesanydiseaseofstriatedmusclesdeathofmuscletissuethemusclelayeroftheheartanyoneofthevariousbranchesofscienceconcernedwithgrowth,developmentandfunctionofthenervoussystemanydiseaseofthenerveinflammationofanervepertainingtotheeyeorvisionaphysicianwhoisaspecialistindiseasesoftheeyetumorofthethymomaatumorcontainingmuscletissueafibroustissuetumordeviceformeasuringthepelvisinspectionofthepelvisloosepelvisorganspertainingtosurroundingenclosingtheheartinflammationofthespinalcordthegraymatterofthespinalcordconnectivetissuesuchasmuscleorboneresemblingfleshpertainingtotendoninflammationofatendonatumororiginatinginepithelialtissueofthethymusglandacellinthethymusglandsurgicalremovalofthethymusglanddealingwitharegionofthebodyananatomistdealingwithabodyregionapoisonoussubstancethestudyoftoxicsubstancediseasescausedbytoxinofthreeheadsinthebackoftheupperarmacyclewiththreewheelssendingfromone(person)toanotherchangingfromoneformtoanothersizeorwastingawayofpartofanorganortissuedisordercausedbydefectivenutritionormetabolismconcernedwithnourishmentKeytotheExercisesA1.arteryarterial2.shape;formmorphology3.eyeocular4.poisontoxin5.fleshsarcoplasm6.musclemyopathy7.bloodconditionischemia8.nourishmentdystrophy9.twobiceps10.surgicalexcisionofthymectomySectionBReadingsPassageOneMusclesLanguagePoints:Tough堅韌throwing投擲inthejawtochew腭部groups類helphold…together把….組合在一起makeupalargepart占有很大比例varygreatlyinsize大小差異很大dependingonthetypeofjobtheydo根據(jù)作用之不同fairly相對的thigh大腿standserect直立rigid挺直staysstiff保持強直actbothways能同時作兩動作workinpairs成對運動bendsajoint令關(guān)節(jié)彎曲doestheopposite做相反的動作thefrontoftheupperarm上前臂pullitbacktoitsoriginallength把它恢復(fù)到原位fleshbelly肌腹firmer更結(jié)實voluntarymuscles隨意肌underthecontrolofourwillpower接受主觀意愿的驅(qū)使passesover跨過firmly牢固地producesmovementatthejoint使關(guān)節(jié)運動pullingon拉動attachment附著點attachedend附著點advantages優(yōu)點fleshythroughouttheirlength全是肌腹thick粗resistanttotherubbingorfrictionbetweenthetendonandthemovingbonesofthejoint對關(guān)節(jié)處活動的骨頭有很強的抗磨能力characteristiccrossstriationsofthemusclefiberswhenviewedunderamicroscope顯微鏡下肌肉組織所呈現(xiàn)的橫狀條紋特色arrangement排列arrangedinbundles成束排列Atransversesectionthroughastriatedmuscleshows在橫紋肌的橫截面上可見surroundedbyfibrousconnectivetissue被肌纖維結(jié)締組織包繞alimentarycanal消化道的內(nèi)壁foundas表現(xiàn)為viewedfrommicroscope在顯微鏡下ourwillpower主觀意志branched交叉組合originated開始electricalimpulse電脈沖conducting傳導(dǎo)capableofcontrolling控制orderofcontractions收縮的節(jié)奏atbirth出生時size體積isdueto是因為separate…with分支出goingto分配到thenervesupplytomuscle支配某塊肌肉的神經(jīng)issaid稱為increasingtheflowofbloodto血液加速流向肌肉appliedtolimb在肢體扎上throughsuchacutoffofthebloodsupply在完全切斷供血的情況下KeytothePassage1ExerciseE1.musclefiber2.voluntarymuscle3.alimentarycanal4.belly5.striatedmuscle6.hypertrophyofmuscles7.musclecontraction8.attachmentofthemuscle9.musclerelaxation10.arterialbleeding11.insertion12.origin13.bloodsupply14.flexor15.proteinmolecule16.fibrousconnectivetissue17.extensor18.willpower19.transversesection20.pacemaker醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)英語第一分冊第四章Chapter4SkeletalSystemMedicalTerminologyinflammationofthejointpaininajointthestudyofjointspertainingtojointsajointtojointogetherasajointacellconcernedwiththeformationofboneanyformofnucleatedredcorpusclesacellthatgiverisetoalymphocytethereisincreasedcalciuminthebloodcalciumdeficiencyinbodytissuesandfluidscontainingcalciumpertainingtothecarpusorwristexcisionofthecarpusorpartionofitbothwristandfootacellthatformscartilagepaininoraboutcartilageinflammationofcartilagepertainingtoaribanditscartilagecuttingthroughariborcartilagesurgicalexcisionofaribpertainingtothecraniumexaminationoftheskullpertainingtoanepiphysispertainingtoametaphysispertainingtoesophagusafemalethestudyofthecauseofdiseasepertainingtothecauseorcausesofdiseasepertainingtothefemurfemoralherniathefemurandtibiainflammationofthestomachsurgicalremovalofapartorthewholeofthestomachpertainingtothestomachmembraneous,pertainingtotheinsideofmembranewithinthestomachwithintheeyeballresemblingbonemarrowatumorbonemarroworthespinalcordanewandabnormalformationoftissue,asatumororgrowthanewly-founddiseaseanewborninfantresemblingboneresemblingsesameresemblingacysthormoneaspecialistinorthopedicstheformationofbonesubstancepaininabonesidebysidewithanotheratthesideofthethyroidtheparathyroidglandsfingersandtoesinflammationofoneormorephalangessurgicalexcisionofoneormorefingersandtoestheformationofbloodcellstheformationofredbloodcellstheformationoflymphocytessomethingthatthrowsforwardknowingsomethingbeforeitactuallyoccursgoforward;carryontheboneofthebreastcost/oribs,hencepertainingtothesternumandribsresemblingthesternumcalcicsubstancebreastbonehyper+calci+uria,henceurinethatcontainsexcessivecalcium(高鈣尿)pertainingtourineanydiseaseaffectingtheurinarytractpertainingtoavertebraorthevertebracolumnexcisionofavertebraorpartofitpertainingtoavertebraandaribExercise:A.1.ribcostochondral6.boneosteoma2.stomachgastritis7.sternumsternocostal3.causeetiology8.calciumcalcemia4.resemblingosteoid9.formationerythropoiesis5.femaleestrogen10.jointarthritisSectionBReadingsPassageOneTheSkeletalSystemLanguagePoints:Grasping抓握jar擠壓震動framework支架performs行使provides形成providesapointattachment提供了附著點pelvicbone骨盆actingaslevers象桿杠一樣作用Mineralstorage儲存礦物質(zhì)bedistributedto分布o(jì)ndemand需要時Bloodcellproduction造血inimmaturestages不成熟的onthebasisshape按形狀variablenumber數(shù)量不一forstrength因為受力structurally結(jié)構(gòu)上的points部位evenlydistributed平均分配nearlyequal幾乎相當(dāng)Examplesofshortbones點型的短骨anklebones髁moreorlessparallel大致平行的enclosingalayerofspongybone圍繞一層松質(zhì)骨affordconsiderableprotection擔(dān)負相當(dāng)?shù)谋Ｗo作用begroupedinto歸類justdescribed上述alsovaryintheamountofspongyandcompactbonepresent松質(zhì)骨和密質(zhì)骨的含量也多少不一twoadditionaltypes另外有兩類betweenthejoints結(jié)合處variesgreatlyfrompersontoperson各體差異很大considerablepressure