泌尿系統(tǒng)詳細(xì)版課件

Urinarysystem泌尿系統(tǒng) Theurinarysystemisagroupoforgansinthebodyconcernedwithfilteringoutexcessfluidandothersubstancesfromthebloodstream.腎臟輸尿管膀胱尿道Kidney:produceurineUretersBladderUrethracavityorgans-conduct,storeandremovetheurineUrinarysystemcomponents構(gòu)成產(chǎn)生儲(chǔ)存+排除Removewasteproductsofmetabolism排除代謝產(chǎn)物Regulatethehomeostasisofwater,electrolyteandacid-base維持水鹽平衡Secretesomebioactivefactors-renin,erythropoietin腎素、紅細(xì)胞生成素

Urinarysystemfunctions泌尿系統(tǒng)功能 bean-shaped,10-12cminlength,5-6cminwidth,3-4cminthickness蠶豆形Kindey-Cavityorgans腎臟外觀

Capsule:DCT囊Cortex:slightstainedmedullaryray髓放線

corticallabyrinth迷路Medulla:darkstainedrenalpyramid腎錐體

renalcolumns腎柱

renalpapillae:腎乳頭

-minorcalyx腎小盞

-majorcalyx腎大盞

-pelvis腎盂Kindey-histologicalstructure組織學(xué)mucosa:epi-transitionalepilaminapropriamuscularis:SMadventitia:CTcortexmedullapapillahilumureterKidneyhistology組織學(xué)CavityorgansKidneyKidneystructure腎臟結(jié)構(gòu)Hilum腎門:bloodvessel,lymphvessels,nerveandureter*renalpelvis腎盂

:funnel-shapedextensionofupperendofureter*renalcalyx腎盞:branchesofrenalpelvis腎門腎盂

Renallobe:onerenalpyramidanditsboundingcorticaltissue

Renallobule:renaltissueincludingonemedullaryrayandcorticaltissuesurrounditRenallobeandrenallobule腎小葉腎錐體髓放線Uriniferoustubules

泌尿小管

= renaltubule+collectingtubulesRenalcorpuscle腎小體=glomerulus腎小球+renalcapsule腎小囊(beginningpartofrenaltubule)Nephron腎單位= renalcorpuscle+renaltubule ---interstitium:CT,BV,NKindeyparenchyma腎實(shí)質(zhì)Kidney(monkey)histologyRC:renalcorpusclesV:interlobularveinCx:cortexMR:medullarayP:renalpelvisRP:renalpapillaC:calyxU:ureter腎小體小葉間靜脈皮質(zhì)髓質(zhì)線腎盂腎乳頭腎盞輸尿管RenalcortexG:glomeruli腎小球;T:tubules;IA:interlobularartery;V:veinglomerulitubulesveininterlobulararteryNephron:1,000,000structuralandfunctionalunitsinakidneyRenalcorpuscle:corticalandjuxtamedullarynephron近髓腎單位

renalglomerulus腎小球

renalcapsule腎小囊Renaltubule腎小管:

proximaltubule近曲小管

convolutedportion straightportion

thinsegment細(xì)段

distaltubule遠(yuǎn)曲小管

straightportion convolutedportionNephron腎單位

Glomerulus腎小球RenalglomerulusRenaltubules腎小管RenaltubulesRenalcorpuscle腎小體 Renalcorpuscle腎小體

=glomerulus腎小球

+renalcapsule腎小囊Glomerulus腎小球Renalcapsule腎小囊Renalcorpuscle腎小體 Renalcorpuscle腎小體

=glomerulus腎小球

+renalcapsule腎小囊Itisspherical,200umindiameter,havingtwopoles:vascularpoleandurinarypoleinglomerulus:afferentarterioles→capillarynetwork→efferentarterioles*capillarynetwork:endothelialcell:pore,70-90nm,nodiaphragmbasallamina:330nmRenalcorpuscle腎小體RenalcorpusclepressureAAEAMesangialcell血管系膜細(xì)胞

:-small,irregular,withprocesses-smalldarkN-EM:RER,Golgi,lysosome,phagocyticvesicles,cytoskeleton-MF,MT,IFandsecretorygranules-functions:i.

producegroundsubstanceii.

phagocytosisiii.

contractiv.

secretereninandenzymesMatrix基質(zhì)

:-typeIVcollagen-glycoprotein:sulphatechondritin,heparinanddermatanIntraglomerularmesangium球內(nèi)系膜

Twolayerscapsule–formedbybeginningpartofrenaltubulewhichisenlargedandinvaginated

Renalcapsule腎小囊Twolayerscapsule–formedbybeginningpartofrenaltubulewhichisenlargedandinvaginated1)parietallayer:simplesquamousepithelium.2)viscerallayer:podocytes足細(xì)胞

3)renalcapsularcavity:thespacebetweentwolayers

Renalcapsule腎小囊 1)parietallayer:simplesquamousepithelium.2)viscerallayer:podocytes3)renalcapsularcavity:thespacebetweentwolayers

Renalcapsule腎小囊-histologyPodocyte足狀突細(xì)胞

Cellswithmanyprocesses(primaryandsecondaryprocesses-footprocesses)Footprocesses:interdigitatedwitheachotherandembracedthecapillaries,Slitpore:-narrowintercellularspacebetweenfootprocesses-25nm,with4-6nmdiaphragm-slitmembranePodocyte足狀突細(xì)胞

Podocytefunctions

Filtrateurinebyfiltratingthreelayer:capillaryendothelium,glomerularbasementmembraneandpodocytes

twolayerscapsule–formedbybeginningpartofrenaltubulewhichisenlargedandinvaginated

Renalcapsuledevelopment②

Renaltubule腎小管Renaltubule

腎小管:

proximaltubule

近曲小管

convolutedportion straightportion

thinsegment

細(xì)段

distaltubule

遠(yuǎn)曲小管

straightportion convolutedportiona.Proximaltubule:50-60umindiameter,14mmlongStructure

LM:EM:pyramidalcuboidaleosinophilicroundnucleusbrush-likedborder-microvilli(apicalcanaliculi)longitudinalstriation-plasmamembraneinfoldingnoclearboundary-lateralextension(richinNa+K+ATPase)a.Proximaltubule

近端小管

Structure

EM:brush-likedborder-microvilli(apicalcanaliculi)longitudinalstriation-plasmamembraneinfoldingnoclearboundary-lateralextension(richinNa+K+ATPase)a.Proximaltubule

近端小管

EMofthetransitionfromadescendingthicklimbtoadescendingthinlimbProximaltubulea.Proximaltubule

近端小管

LMEMProximal(PCT)anddistal(DCT)convolutedtubulesProximal(PCT)anddistal(DCT)convolutedtubulesPCTDCTProximaltubule:i.Reabsorption:-85%Na+ionsandwater-Allofglucose,aminoacid,polypeptide,proteinsandvitamin-50%bicarbonatesaltandsulphatesaltii.SecreteH+,NH3,hippuricacidandcreatinineRenaltubuleFunctions10-15um,simplesquamousepitheliumfacilitatethepassageofwaterandionsreabsorbNa+andCl-,and5%waterb.ThinsegmentonlythinsegmentofloopofHenleandcollectingductsarepresentininnermedullaRenalmedulla–LoopofHenleA:ascending,T:thinlimbofloopofHenle,CD:collectingductascending,thinlimbofloopofHenlecollectingduct

Structure:

LMandEM:cuboidalslight-stainedroundnucleus

nobrush-likedborder–lessmicrovilliwell-developedlongitudinalstriation–plasmamembraneinfoldingc.Distaltubule

遠(yuǎn)曲小管DistaltubulePlasmamembraneinfoldingDistaltubule

遠(yuǎn)曲小管Basicorganisationofnephron,collectingsystemandrenalvasculature腎單位構(gòu)造i.

reabsorptionof8%water, Na+ionsii.

excretionofK+,H+,NH3

iii.regulatedbyaldosterone (adrenalgland)and antidiuretichormone(ADH) (vasopressin)from pituitaryglandDistaltubulefunctionsArchedcollectingtubulesCorticalcollectiontubulesMedullarycollectiontubulesHistology：

simplecuboidalepitheliumorsimplecolumnarepithelium, slight–stained ClearboundaryFunction:Reabsorb4%water3)

Collectingtubule集合管Collectingtubules（集合管）andductsIC:intercalatedcells,CD:collectingductintercalatedcellscollectingductDB:ductofBellini–thelargestcollectingtube,PCS:pelvicalycealspace,U:ureterRenalpapilla腎乳頭(monkey)ductofBellinipelvicalycealspaceureter4)

Juxtaglomerularcomplex腎小球旁復(fù)合體

Component:Juxtaglomerularcells球旁細(xì)胞Maculadensacells致密斑細(xì)胞Extraglomerularmesangialcells球外系膜細(xì)胞

4)

Juxtaglomerularcomplex腎小球旁復(fù)合體

4)

Juxtaglomerularcomplex腎小球旁復(fù)合體

(Juxtaglomerularcells)

agroupsofmodifiedSMcellofafferentarterioles

Structure:

-larger,cuboidalinshaped,withroundnucleus-containsecretorygranulesa:Juxtaglomerularcell(J):

Function:regulatesystembloodpressureviarenin-angiotensin-aldosteronemechanism

i.Secreterenin: adrenalgland→aldosterone→bloodpressure↑↑angiotensinogen→angiotensinI→angiotensinII→contractionofsmoothmuscleii.

Secreteerythropoietin: promoteerythropoiesisJuxtaglomerularcell---agroupofcellsderivedfromepitheliumofdistaltubule---cellbecomestaller,narrow,withroundnucleusapicalpartarranged---cellshaveprocessesconnectingwithothercells---function:chemoreceptors-feeltheNa+ionsconcentrationb.Maculadensa(MD)Roleoftherenin-angiotensin-aldosteroneinthecontrolofbloodpressure腎素-血管緊張素-醛固酮系統(tǒng)---similartointraglomerularmesangialcell---transfertheinformationd.Peripolarcell極周細(xì)胞---structure:EM:-microvilli-junctionalcomplexes-RER,Golgi,andgranules---function:regulatethereabsorptionandsecretionofrenaltubulec.Extraglomerularmesangialcell(polarcushioncellorlaciscells,L)球外系膜細(xì)胞

---fibers:typeI,III,IVcollagen---matrix---cell:fibroblastmacrophagelipid-ladeninterstitialcell:-stellatecellwithprocesses-osmiophiliclipiddroplets:-function:i.

involveinformationofFandmatrixii.

secretprostaglandin5)Renalinterstitial:connectivetissuei.Verylargebloodflow(1.2L/min)ii.Toformcapillarytwotimesiii.Glomerularcapillaryhaveahighbloodpressureiv.Formvasarectaloopnearmedullaryloopv.Morelargerbloodflowinrenalcortex6)BloodsupplytothekidneyInterlobararteries→Arcuatearteries→Interlobulararteries→Capsularcap.↑↓↓RenalarteryAfferentarteriolesAfferentarterioles↓↓