【新課標(biāo)新高考】考點(diǎn)1 閱讀理解-2022屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)易錯(cuò)題提升練

【新課標(biāo)新高考】考點(diǎn)1閱讀理解一2022屆高考英語一

輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)易錯(cuò)題提升練

解題技巧

i.細(xì)節(jié)理解題

(1)題干定位，按圖索驥。

細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案。先看文章后面的問題，注意題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，如：人物、時(shí)間和

事件等，做到有的放矢。根據(jù)題干中的標(biāo)志性詞語定位到原文，仔細(xì)比較所給選項(xiàng)與文中細(xì)節(jié)的細(xì)

微區(qū)別，找到與原文相符的選項(xiàng)，確定正確答案?？焖賹ふ倚畔Ⅻc(diǎn)的策略一般適用于做功能型閱讀

題，主要形式有廣告、公告、演出信息、航班時(shí)間表等。做這類題時(shí)、沒有必要閱讀全文，宜采用

“題干定位法”解題。

(2)語義轉(zhuǎn)換，變通理解。

變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案。有些細(xì)節(jié)題主要考查對(duì)某句話或某幾句話的理解，很少直接用原

文中的句子進(jìn)行考查，題干通常會(huì)對(duì)這些句子進(jìn)行語義轉(zhuǎn)換，包括同義轉(zhuǎn)換、概念解析、歸納事實(shí)

等。如：

①同義改寫：題干將原文中的詞或短語換成另外的詞或短語，詞性和結(jié)構(gòu)不變，意義相近。

②轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)~性與結(jié)構(gòu)：題干關(guān)鍵信息并不一定與原文中相關(guān)信息一致，而是作了一定的轉(zhuǎn)化。如將名

詞詞組轉(zhuǎn)化為意義相近的動(dòng)詞或形容詞等。

(3)查讀分析，多點(diǎn)歸納。

多點(diǎn)歸納，綜合事實(shí)找答案。此方法適用于離散型細(xì)節(jié)理解題或數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)題干要求，

迅速找到與之相關(guān)的事實(shí)或數(shù)據(jù)，對(duì)其進(jìn)行分析整合，得出正確答案。文章中的數(shù)字、日期、時(shí)間

都是設(shè)題的重點(diǎn)，此類題目的答案很少是文章中直接出現(xiàn)的數(shù)字或日期，通常需要作簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算。

圖文轉(zhuǎn)換類的題，即根據(jù)短文描述確定相應(yīng)圖形，或根據(jù)圖形選出相應(yīng)的文字答案。此類題可

采用“文字鎖定法”解題，即找出描述圖形的句段，按“文”索“圖”，這樣，便可迅速地鎖定對(duì)

應(yīng)圖形。

2.主旨大意題

(1)學(xué)會(huì)尋找主題句

主題句所在的位置一般有四種情況：一是文首。有些文章先提出主題，接著圍繞主題展開敘述。

二是文末。有些文章在表述細(xì)節(jié)后，歸納要點(diǎn)，概括主題。此類文章往往以列舉事實(shí)開頭，最后歸

納主題。三是文首和文末。有時(shí)為突出主題，作者會(huì)先點(diǎn)明主題，結(jié)尾時(shí)再次強(qiáng)調(diào)，但前后表述的

句子不是簡(jiǎn)單的重復(fù)，后面的表述往往是對(duì)主題的進(jìn)一步延伸和深化。四是文中。通常前面只提出

問題，文章的主題由陳述的細(xì)節(jié)引出，而后又對(duì)其進(jìn)行學(xué)會(huì)尋找主題句一步的闡釋。

(2)學(xué)會(huì)歸納概括

在沒有明確的主題句時(shí)，考生必須根據(jù)文中所提供的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)行全面考慮、綜合分析，

歸納出文章的主題。要靈活運(yùn)用跳讀、略讀等技巧進(jìn)行閱讀，在這個(gè)過程中注意每段的段首和段尾,

同時(shí)，還可利用信息詞、標(biāo)志詞等提示進(jìn)行概括。

(3)學(xué)會(huì)分析選項(xiàng)

在做主旨大意題時(shí)，考生不僅可以從文章出發(fā)概括出主題，也可以從選項(xiàng)反推出主題。要多注

意選項(xiàng)之間的比對(duì)。

3.推理判斷題

(1)忠實(shí)原文

要注意一定要忠實(shí)于原文，以文章提供的事實(shí)和線索為依據(jù)。立足己知，推斷未知，遵循“詞

不離句，句不離段，段不離篇”的原則。千萬不能主觀臆斷、憑空想象，更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替

作者的觀點(diǎn)。

(2)吃透文章

要吃透文章，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎(chǔ)?？忌梢愿鶕?jù)文章

中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié)，再結(jié)合自己所掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、有關(guān)背景知識(shí)或常識(shí)來進(jìn)行分析、推斷，從而得

出符合文章原意的結(jié)論。

(3)深層挖掘

要對(duì)文字的深層含義進(jìn)行挖掘，由表及里，由淺入深，通過分析、判斷進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理。

(4)理清思路

要把握文中句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，了解語篇的結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)還要把握文章的基調(diào)，揣

摩作者的態(tài)度，理清思路，悟出作者的言外之意。

4.詞義猜測(cè)題

(1)利用構(gòu)詞法猜詞義

構(gòu)詞法是英語單詞形成的主要途徑，根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義一般比較接近單詞的真實(shí)意思，準(zhǔn)確

度比較高。

(2)利用語法關(guān)系猜詞義

利用語法關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義指利用語言表述中的舉例子、下定義、同位語、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)、定語從句等

進(jìn)行詞義猜測(cè)的方法。

(3)利用邏輯關(guān)系猜詞義

語言表達(dá)總是按照一定的邏輯關(guān)系展開的，根據(jù)語言的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系往往可以粗略地推斷出詞

義或大致義域。對(duì)我們猜測(cè)詞義具有較大幫助的邏輯關(guān)系通常有并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等。

（4）利用上下文語境猜詞義

在文章中，任何一個(gè)單詞都不是孤立存在的，它總會(huì)和其他單詞產(chǎn)生聯(lián)系，通過這些聯(lián)系可以

猜測(cè)出單詞或短語在文中的意思，尤其是代詞的指代含義。

（5）利用生活常識(shí)和文化背景知識(shí)猜詞義

、

“WhenIwas16yearsold,IwasdivinginGreece,butIwasdisappointedbecauseI

sawmoreplasticbagsthanfish.〃ThesearethewordsofBoyanSlat,anengineerwhodesigned

theworld'sfirstoceanplasticcleanupsystem.

Everyyear,morethan8milliontonsofplasticsendupinouroceans,accordingto

theUNEnvironmentProgramme.Itispredictedthattheweightofoceanplasticswillmatch

theweightofallthefishinouroceansby2050.Topreventthisfromhappening,in2013

SlatcreatedTheOceanCleanup,anenvironmentalnongovernmentalorganization,andput

hisplanforanoceancleanupdeviceintoaction.

AfteryearsofresearchanddevelopmentintheNetherlands,adevicecalledSystem

001/BsuccessfullystartedgatheringplasticsonOctober2,2019.Thedeviceusesa

600-meter-longC-shapedtubetogatherallthefloatingrubbish.Unlikeothercleanup

methods,thesystemfloatsfreelyaccordingtothedirectionofthewaves,whichallows

wastetoflowintoandstaywithinthedevice.Aseaanchorisattachedtoeitherend.

Thisslowsdownthesystemasitfloatsthroughthewaterandallowsthefaster-moving

rubbish,carriedbythewaves,toflowintoitsmouth.System001/Bcanalsocollectwaste

belowthesurfaceusinga3-meter-deepskirt（擋板）attachedtotheend.Afterbeing

gathered,thetrashwillbedraggedbacktotheshorebyboatandrecycled.

Rightnow,thesystemoperatesintheGreatPacificGarbagePatch,anareathatis

threetimesthesizeofFrance.Onceoperational,TheOceanCleanupexpectsafullfleet

tobeabletoclear50%oftheGreatPacificGarbagePatchin5years.

〃Itremainstobeseenwhetherthisdreamwillbecomeareality,butitisundeniable

thathumanitymustworktogethertoreduceourplasticuseandrepairthedamageourwaste

hascaused,〃Slatsaid.〃Wearestartingtoseeayounggenerationthatgetsitandis

excitedaboutasustainable（可持續(xù)的）future,butthequestionstillcomesdownto:Are

wegoingfastenough,andhowmuchdamagewillhavebeendonebeforewegetthere?”

1.Theunderlinedword"match"inParagraph2probablymeans〃

A.compareB.equalC.measureD.cover

2.WhydidBoyanSlatcreateTheOceanCleanup?

A.Tocollectoceanplasticwaste.

B.TohelptoinventSystem001/B.

C.Toprotectthelivingenvironmentoffish.

D.Todoresearchontheoceanenvironment.

3.WhatcanweknowaboutSystem001/B?

A.Itcancollectandrecyclegarbageatthesametime.

B.Itcanonlygatheroceanwastewhichfloatsonthewater.

C.ItaimstoclearuptheGreatPacificGarbagePatchinfiveyears.

D.Itisanocean-cleaningdevicewhichhasalreadybeenputtouse.

4.WhatdoesSlatwanttotellusaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Younggenerationscarelessabouttheenvironment.

B.Thefutureecologyoftheoceanisdeeplyworrying.

C.Peopleshouldworkhardtodecreaseplasticpollution.

D.It'squitedifficulttorepairthedamagetotheenvironment.

二、

Today,westudyliteraturefromayoungage—learningaboutourhistories,faraway

worldsandinfluentialpeople.Whetherwenoticeornot,thesestories—bothfictionand

non-fiction-guideusthroughoutourlives.Theyallowustoseetheworldthroughanother，

seyes,openupourworldandteachusabouteverysubjectknowntoman.

Despitetheirimportance,manypeoplethrowouttheiroldbooks—layingwastethe

wisdomthatliesoneachpage.Inanefforttosavethisknowledgeandshareitwiththose

lessfortunate,agarbagemaninBogota,Colombiahasbeensavingthrown-awaybooksfor

20yearsandsharingthemwiththoseinneed.

“Ihatedtoseeallthebooksinthedustbinsofwealthierneighborhoods.SoIstarted

torescuethem,“saidGutierrez.Thefirstbookhefoundwasacopyoftheclassicnovel

AnnaKarenina.TheTolstoybookwaslaterjoinedbyTheLittlePrince,Sophie'sWorld,

TheIliadandanumberofnovels.Today,hehascollectedaround25,000books.

Hisgrowingcollectiondidntgounnoticed.Gutierrez'sneighborsweresoonborrowing

thebookstohelpwiththeirchildren，shomework."Therewasalackoftheminour

neighborhood,sowestartedtohelp,〃saidGutierrez.

ThegroundfloorofGutierrez'shomeisnowfledwithbooks,fromfloortoceiling.

Overspillingwithbooks,heopeneditupasafreelibrary,withthehelpofhiswife

LuzGutierrezandtheirthreechildren.

WordeventuallyspreadaroundaboutGutierrezandhisbooks.Mostofthebooksnow

comefromdonations.Henowtravelsaroundthecountry,deliveringfreebookstopoorand

remotedistricts.Thelibrary,named"TheStrengthofWords”,hasdonatedbookstosome

235schools,institutionsandcommunitylibrariesacrossColombia.

1.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofthetext?

A.Bystatingsomefacts.

B.Bycontradictingatheory.

C.Bydescribingascene.

D.Byreferringtodocuments.

2.WhatdidtheTolstoybookmeantoGutierrez?

A.Aheavyfinancialburden.

B.Acompanionindifficulttimes.

C.Thebeginningofhischaritycampaign.

D.Oneofhisgreatestachievementsinlife.

3.WhichsayingdoesGutierrez'sstoryleadustobelieve?

A.Agoodbookisalighttothesoul.

B.Abadbeginningmakesabadending.

C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

D.Oneman'sgarbageisanotherman'streasure.

4.What'sthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Tolstoybooksrecoveredfromdustbins.

B.Literaturenowappealstogarbagecollectors.

C.Freelibrariespopularwithneighborhoodkids.

D.Garbagemanbuildsalibraryfromrescuedbooks.

China-bornfilmmakerChloeZhaomadehistoryattheGoldenGlobeAwards,becoming

thefirstwomanofAsiandescent（血統(tǒng)）andsecondwomanevertowinthebestdirector

awardintheGoldenGlobesr78-yearhistory.

Many,includingactorsandcritics,congratulatedthedirectoronsocialmedia."The

filmispatient,openandfullofsympathy,motivatedbyadesiretowanderandobserve

ratherthantojudgeorexplain,“KoreanAmericanactorDanielDaeKimwroteonTwitter.

BarbraStreisand,thefirstwomanwhohadwonGoldenGlobeforbestdirectorin1984,said

“It'sabouttime!CongratulationsChlo6!Welldeserved!inaTwitterpost.

Nomadlandwasadaptedfroma2017non-fictionbook,Nomadland:SurvivingAmericain

theTwenty-FirstCentury.Thefilmstarstwo-timeOscarwinnerFrancesMcDormandasan

out-of-workwomanwhopackshervanandsetsofffromhersmal1towntotravelaroundthe

vastlandscapeoftheAmericanWest,exploringalifeoutsideofconventionalsocietyas

amodern-daynomad（游牧民）.

Zhao,sfirstfilm-SongsMyBrothersTaughtMe-wasshotwhenshewasastudentat

NewYorkUniversity.In2017,Zhaodirected,wroteandproducedhersecondfilmTheRider.

Inallherthreefilms,non-actorswerecasttoplayfictionalizedversionsofthemselves.

Itatechniquesheoriginallyadoptedoutofeconomicnecessityafterfilmschoolbutone

shehasusedoftenforitsrealism.

Buildingonhersuccess,shewilldevelopanoriginalfuturisticsci-fiwestern

inspiredbyDraculaforUniversalPictures.HernextprojectisthehighlyexpectedMarvel

CinematicUniverseInstallmentTheEternals.Forthisfilm,Zhaoisexpectedtodraw

inspirationfromherChinesebackgroundandchildhoodexperience."Ihavesuchdeep,

strong,manga（日本漫畫）roots,wZhaotoldHollywoodReporter,“andIlookforwardto

pushingmoreofthatmarriageofEastandWest.”

1.WhyaretwofamouspeoplearementionedinParagraph2?

A.Tointroducedifferentcommentsonthefilm.

B.Topresentpeople,srecognitionforChlo6Zhao.

C.Todescribethegreateffectsofthesocialmedia.

D.TopraisetheinfluenceofNomadlandontheworld.

2.WhatdoweknowaboutNomadland?

A.Itwasadaptedfromanovel.

B.Itstarredawell-knownactress.

C.ItmadeFrancesMcDormandoutofwork.

D.ItledtoFrancesMcDormandJsbeingawardedanOscar.

3.WhydoesChloeZhaostillusenon-actorsinherfilmsnowadays?

A.Tomakeherfilmsmorerealistic.

B.Toshowherunusualtalents.

C.Tocutthecostoffilmproduction.

D.Todiscovermoreperformerswithpotential.

4.WhatcanweinferfromthewordsofChloeZhao?

A.Sheisconfidentofanothersuccess.

B.Shewilladdwesternelementsintohernewfilm.

C.Sheadvocatesthemarriagebetweentwodifferentnations.

D.Shedesirestopromotethemixtureofdifferentcultures.

四、

TOWNOFMIDDLEBOROUGHRUBBISH/RECYCLEINFORMATION

RUBBISHCOLLECTIONCURBSIDE（路邊回收）

Yourhouseholdrubbishiscollectedweeklyonyourregularcollectionday.All

residentsusingrubbishbarrelsmusthavecoversonthemtopreventrain/snowwaterbuildup

inside.

PleasenotethefollowinglistofitemsthatwillNOTbepickedupbytheSanitation

Division:

?MedicalWasteorMercury-CallHealthDepartmentat508-946-2408

?Containerswithsharpedgesorbottoms.

?Metals,furnitureorbuildingmaterials.

?Recyclablematerial.

RECYCLECOLLECTIONCURBSIDE

Yourrecyclableswillbecollectedeveryotherweekonyourregularcollectionday.

Failuretoputyourrecyclablesoutontheassigneddaycausesdoublepick-up”.

Pleasehelpustokeepcostsdown.

Itemsforcurbsidecollection:

Newspapersandmagazines

Cardboard-CerealBoxes,PastaBoxes,ShoeBoxes,Etc.

Cansandplastics(NOCHILDREN'STOYS)

Clearandcoloredglass(onlybrown&green)

Howtoprepareitemsforcurbsidecollection:

PaperProducts—pleasewraptheminplasticgrocerybagstoprotectfromrain

andwind.

?Cans,plasticsandclearandcoloredglass-CLEAN.

*Allrubbish/recyclablesmustbeoutatcurbsideby7:00a.m.onyourregular

scheduledcollectionday.

1.Howoftenishouseholdrubbishcollectedinthetown?

A.Everyday.B.Everyotherday.C.Everyweek.D.Everyotherweek.

2.Whichofthefollowingrecyclableswillbecollected?

A.Anoverduejournal.B.Anoldsmartphone.

C.Aplastictoytruck.D.Ayellowdrinkingglass.

3.Whatshouldtheresidentsdowhentheydumptheirrecyclables?

A.Theyshouldtrytokeepthepick-upcostsdown.

B.Theyshouldhavethemallcleanedbeforedumping.

C.Theyshoulddumpthemby7:00a.m.besidetheirhouses.

D.Theyshouldhavepaperproductscoveredinplasticbags.

五、

Tensofthousandsofdrone(無人機(jī))ownerswillhavetoregistertheirdevicesfor

thefirsttimeunderregulationsdesignedtosafeguardprivacy.

Rulesintroducedyesterdayrequirealldronesthatarefittedwithcamerastobelogged

withtheCivilAviationAuthority(CAA).Anyonewhofailstodosofacesbeingtakento

courtandfinedupto￡1,000.Dronesheavierthan250galreadyhavetoberegisteredwith

theCAA,whichcosts￡9andmustberenewedannually,butthenewmeasuresextendthis

requirementtoalldevices,includingthelightweightmodelsthatareusedbyhobbyist

pilots.

Themovecomesaftersharpriseinthenumberofdronesboughtbyenthusiastsorthose

operatingthemforcommercialreasons,suchastoinspectinfrastructureorforphotography

andfilming.

However,therisehaspromptedconcernsoverprivacy,withfearsthatdronesarebeing

usedtospyonprivateresidencesandotherbuildings.Ithasalsoledtoanincreasein

thenumberofnear-missesbetweendronesandotheraircraft,includingcommercial

passengerjets.Thelatestfiguresshow531near-missesinvolvingdroneswereloggedin

thepastdecade,including125recordedin2019.

Bylawdronesaresupposedtobeoperatedwithinanoperator'slineofsight.They

havetoremainbelowanaltitudeof400fttoavoidinterferingwithaircraftandflown

atleast164ftawayfrompeopleandbuildings.Thegovernmenthasalreadytoughenedup

regulationsinrecentyears.Thisincludesrequiringalloperatorstopassanonlinetest

beforebeingallowedtoflydevices.Otherchangestotheregulationsincludeallowing

dronesthatweighupto25kgtobeoperated,comparedwithapreviouslimitof20kg.

Deviceswillalsofallintothreenewcategoriesofrisk-一high,mediumandlow--

dependingonhowtheywillbeflown.Low-riskdrones,includingthosetypicallyusedby

hobbyists,willhaveoperationallimitationsbutwillnotneedauthorisation（授權(quán)）for

flights.Authorisationisneededforlargermedium-riskandhigh-riskdroneflights,which

aretypicallycarriedoutinmorecomplexenvironments,includingthosebeyondthe

operator，slineofsight,whichisbannedundernormalcircumstances.

ChristianStruwe,thedirectorofpublicpolicy,saidofthenewregulation:"It

simplifiesdifferentprocessesandallowscustomerstotravelfromcountrytocountry

withouthavingtoworryaboutdifferentrulesindifferentforeignlocations.”

1.Whymustthedroneownersregistertheirdevices?

A.Toprotecttheirrightsofflyingdrones.

B.Toavoidbreakingthenewregulations.

C.Tomakesuretheirdronesmeettheweightrequirement.

D.Tofollowtherulesnottoinvadeothers'privacy.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordsinparagraph2probablymean?

A.Updatedeveryday.B.Replacedeverymonth.

C.Redesignedeveryyear.D.Registeredeveryyear.

3.Whatisthepotentialdangerdronesprobablycause?

A.Droneswillbeusedforcommercialpurposes.

B.Dronesprobablycrashintopassengerplaneswhileinuse.

C.Operatingdronesrequireshigherqualification.

D.Itisimpossibletoavoidbeingspiedbydrones.

4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlyfocuson?

A.Howtomakeastandarddrone.

B.Howdronesareoperatedbyenthusiasts.

C.Theimportanceofregisteringthedrones.

1）.Thenegativeeffectofdronesonpeople.

六、

Robotshavecertainadvantagescomparedtohumans:Theyareefficient,tireless,can

berepairedwhendamagedandtheynevergetsick.Thislasttraithasmadethemthestar

duringourfightagainsttheCOVID-19pandemic.Whilehundredsofthousandsofmedical

workershavefallenilldealingwiththishighlyinfectiousvirusandalotmoreareforced

tostayathomeforfearofgettingthedisease,thisisn'taproblemforrobots.

ThisiswhytheCOVID-19outbreakisseenasthe“tippingpoint”notedThe

IndependentSciencereporterAnthonyCuthbertson—forrobotstostarttoreplacehumans

incertainjobs.

Inareaslikehospitalsandhealthcarefacilities,robotsareusedtoperform

high-risktasks.InChina,forexample,ahotelinHangzhouemployedarobotnamed“Little

Peanut“todeliverfoodtopeopleunderquarantine（隔離期）.InSpain,robotsareabout

tobeusedtotestpeopleforthecoronavirus.UItraviolet-light-disinfection（紫夕卜線

消毒）robotsarealsobeingwidelyusedtocleanhospitalcorridorsandwards.

“Hospitalsaroundtheworldarewakinguptoautonomousdisinfection,“PerJuul

Nielsen,CEOofDenmarkysUVDRobots,aleadingcompanymanufacturingdisinfectionrobots,

toldForbes."Wecan'tbuildtheserobotsfastenough.”

Innon-medicalcompanies,robotsarealsoreplacinghumanemployeessincetheydon't

havetheproblemofsocialdistancingandwillnevertakesickleave.WalmartandAmazon,

forexample,whererobotsarealreadyusedinsorting,packingandshipping,areplanning

toincreasethenumberofrobotsintheirfacilities.Fast-foodchainslikeMcDonaldJs

arenotonlydeliveringfoodwithrobotsinsomeareas,butalsolookingtousethemas

cooksandservers.

AccordingtofuturistMartinFord,usingmorerobotsthanhumanemployeescanprove

toberewardingforcompaniesevenwhenthepandemicisover."Peoplewillpreferto

gotoaplacethathasfewerworkersandmoremachinesbecausetheyfeeltheycanlower

overallrisk,“FordtoldtheBBC.

Butthissuddensurge（激增）inrobotdemanddoesn,tmeanthattheytriumphover

humansineveryaspect.AccordingtoBillSmart,aroboticistatOregonStateUniversity,

thehumancontactbetweendoctorsandpatientsisstillimportant.Doctorscomfortthe

patientsandguidethemthroughharddecisionswhilerobotsareonlydoingroutinetasks,

likecleaningandgivingtests,justtofreeupdoctorsandnurses.

Itmightbetruethatrobotshavecertainadvantagesoverhumans,buttheyarestill

secondarytohumaninteraction.

1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Theadvantagesofrobotscomparedtohumans.

B.DifferentviewstowardapplyingrobotstofightCOVID-19.

C.WhytheCOVID-19outbreakhasfueledrobotdemand.

D.Theimportantrolehumansplayincertainareas.

2.Whathasmaderobotsdesirableduringthepandemicaccordingtothetext?

A.Theycanberepairedwhendamaged.

B.Theytestpeopleforcoronavirusmoreprecisely.

C.Theynevergettiredandcanreplacedoctorsandnurses.

D.Theyarenotvulnerabletothecoronavirus.

3.WhatdoesMartinFordthinkoftheapplicationofrobots?

A.Itsbenefitsareappealingandlasting.B.Machinesareless

disturbingthanhumans.

C.Itposesathreattohumanemployment.D.Therearesomeriskswith

theuseofrobots.

4.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Thedemandforrobotsistoogreattomeet.

B.Humaninteractionisessentialinsomeareas.

C.Doctorscanmakemoreaccuratejudgmentsthanrobots.

D.Robotsneedupdatingtoimprovecontactwithhumans.

七、

ANewZealandcouncil（市議會(huì)）hasannouncedamonth-longroadclosureinorderto

allowasealionandherpuptoreachtheoceansafely.

JohnWilsonOceanDriveinDunedinwillbeclosedaftertheNewZealandsealions

madetheirhomeatanearbygolfcourse（球場(chǎng)）andstartedz/regularlycrossingtheroad

togettothebeach,“accordingtoaFacebookpostfromDunedinCityCouncil.

“Youcanstillvisittheareaonfootorbybicycle,butpleasegivethesealions

lotsofspace,〃continuedthepost.

Localsapplaudedthedecision,andoneevencalledfortheclosuretobemade

permanent.

“Nodogsshouldbeonthebeach,either,，zwroteGayleneSmith.〃Weneedtoprotect

ourbeautifulsealife?”

Dogsareknowntoattacksealions,andChisholmLinksGolfCourse,wherethesea

lionshavemadetheirhome,alsopostedadvicetodogwalkersinaFacebookupdate.

〃We'reluckytohavesealionsonourcoastlineandweneedtosharethespacewith

them,asthisiswhatmakesourcoastlinesounique!wrotethecourseonFacebook.

ThecouncilwentontoexplainthatNewZealandsealionsareendangered,andare

oneoftheworld'srarestspeciesofsealion.

Thereareanestimated12,000NewZealandsealionsleft,accordingtotheDepartment

ofConservation.Underlocallaw,anyonewhokillsasealioncouldfaceuptotwoyears

inprisonorafineofuptoNZ$250,000（US$178,000）.

1.WhatdecisionhastheDunedinCityCouncilmade?

A.Closinganoceandriveforamonth.

B.Closingthenearbybeachtemporarily.

C.Forbiddingentryintoagolfcourse.

D.Forbiddingwalkingdogsoutside.

2.HowdidtheCityCouncilannouncethedecision?

A.ByinformingonTV.B.BypostingonFacebook.

C.Byadvertisinginanewspaper.D.Bysendingoutnotices.

3.Whatistheattitudeofthelocalpeopletowardtheclosure?

A.Doubtful.B.Supportive.C.Uncaring.D.Critical.

4.WhatcanwelearnaboutNewZealandsealionsfromthetext?

A.Theyareunderlegalprotection.B.Theyareacommonspecies.

C.Theyareafraidofhumans.D.Theyarebeingkilledbydogs.

八、

Japanesescientistsandtechnologycompaniesarecoiningupwithnewwaystodealwith

employeeshortagesindeliveryservice.Howexactly?Byintroducingarobotthatcan

deliverfoodtoyourhome.AJapanesecompanyZMPhaslaunchedrobottestsrecently.

TheZMP'sdeliveryrobotintheprocessoftestingisaredboxthatmeasures109

cmand133cminheightsandlengthsrespectively.Itisdesignedtocarryupto100

kilogramsofanythingwithaapproximatespeedof4milesanhour.Ithasitsownnavigating

systemandamap,sensors（傳感器）andcamerasthatallowittoself-drive.These,fornow,

areitsmaintechnicalabilities.Thenextdevelopmentswillbecontroloffoodtemperature,

andperhaps,voicecontrolandspeakingabilities.

Therobotwillbetestedtogetherwithalocalsushi（壽司）deliverycompanyRideon

ExpressCo.Uponmakingasushiorder,customerswillreceivecodesontheirsmartphones

thatwillallowthemtounlocktherobotandgettheirordersout.Similartestingattempts

havebeenundertakenbyDomino'sPizzainAustralia,wheretheytestedadeliveryrobot

ayearago.

Inanycase,beforerobotsareabletodeliverfoodoranyothergoodstorealcustomers,

massivetestingonpublicroadsorinthepublicairspacewillhavetotakeplace.While

itisinthegovernment'sbestinteresttomakeupfortheshortageofdeliveryinthe

Japaneselabormarket,itisclearthatself-drivingmachinesofanykindwillnotbe

permittedontheroadsuntiltheyarefullytestedandprovensafeenoughforpublicroads.

Accordingtotheexperts,thiscouldtakeanother3to5years.

Inanycase,robotdeliveryisnotsuchadistantfutureafterall,andrecent

developmentsshowthatthereissignificantmarketdemandforsuchtypeofdelivery.

1.HowdoJapanesehandletheemployeeshortagesindeliveryservice?

A.Byraisingemploymentandworkinghours.

B.Byemployingscienceandtechnology.

C.Byincreasingthesalary.

D.Bydeliveringmoreatatime.

2.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theintroductionofdeliveryrobots.

B.Theusageofdeliveryrobots.

C.Thebasicdataofdeliveryrobots.

D.Theappearanceofdeliveryrobots.

3.What'sthereactionofJapanesegovernmenttodeliveryrobots?

A.Beingcriticalofthetechnology.

B.Ignoringthedevelopment.

C.Beingalittlebithesitated.

D.Becominggreatinterested.

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.RobotDelivery:NewTestsinJapan

B.RobotDeliveryComingtoUseinJapan

C.EmployeeShortageinDeliveryinJapan

D.LatestAutomaticService:Robots

九、

Anair-conditionerhasbecomeasignofmiddle-classstatusindevelopingnations.

Butasair-conditionersappearfromwindowsandstorefrontsacrosstheworld,scientists

arebecomingincreasinglyalarmedabouttheimpactofthegasesonwhichtheyrun.

TheoldestCFCcoolantsusedinair-conditioners,whicharehighlydamagingtothe

ozonelayer（臭氧層），havebeenlargelyrejectedfromuse;andthenewestones,usedwidely

inindustrializednations,havelittleornoeffectontheozonelayer.Butthesenewest

gaseshaveananotherimpact-theycontributetoglobalwarmingthousandsoftimesmore

thanCO2does,thestandardgreenhousegas.Indeed,theleadingscientistsinthefield

havejustcalculatedthatifalltheequipmententeringtheworldmarketusesthenewest

gasescurrentlyemployedinair-conditioners,upto27percento