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主從復(fù)合句(狀語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句和定語(yǔ)從句)【考點(diǎn)分析】狀語(yǔ)從句1.when,while,as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別;2.名詞詞組theminute,themoment,thefirsttime,eachtime,anytime等用作連詞,引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;3.before,和since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的用法以及常見(jiàn)的幾個(gè)句型;4.till和until的用法;5.although,though,as以及evenif,eventhough引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的用法;6.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中“so…that”與“such…that”的區(qū)別;7.條件狀語(yǔ)從句unless,providing/provided,suppose/supposing等引導(dǎo)詞的用法;8.“疑問(wèn)詞+ever”和“nomatter+疑問(wèn)詞”引導(dǎo)從句的用法;9.incase引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句;10.where引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句;11.once引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。12.與祈使句、定語(yǔ)從句、名詞從句、倒裝句以及與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的混合考查。名詞從句1.that和what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別;2.名詞從句的語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài);3.it作形式主語(yǔ)、形式賓語(yǔ)的幾種情況;4.賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移;5.whether和if的用法區(qū)別;6.what在名詞性從句中的使用;7.doubt后的名詞性從句的使用;8.Who/whoever,what/whatever等的用法區(qū)別;9.連接詞that的省略;定語(yǔ)從句1.that與which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別;2.who、whom與whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別;3.關(guān)系副詞where、when與why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別;4.對(duì)“as”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的考查;5.such…as與such…that的區(qū)別;thesame…as與thesame…that的區(qū)別;6.對(duì)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的考查;7.theway作先行詞時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞作狀語(yǔ)用inwhich,that或者省略;8.含有插入語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句;9.與并列句、狀語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句以及與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的混合考查?!局R(shí)點(diǎn)歸納】I.句子的種類(lèi)復(fù)習(xí)主從復(fù)合句時(shí),我們首先要對(duì)句子的種類(lèi)有所了解,才能更深入地掌握主從復(fù)合句的知識(shí)。按用途分種類(lèi)類(lèi)型例句陳述句肯定句Weloveourmotherland.我們熱愛(ài)祖國(guó)。否定句Theydon’tgotoworkonSundays.他們星期日不上班。疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句Areyouaworker?你是個(gè)工人嗎?Haven’tyouseenthefilm?你沒(méi)看過(guò)這部電影嗎?特殊疑問(wèn)句Whoistheman?這人是誰(shuí)?WhendoyouwatchTV?你什么時(shí)間看電視?Whataretheydoingnow?他們現(xiàn)在正在干什么?選擇疑問(wèn)句Doyouwantteaorcoffee?Eitherwilldo.你要茶水還是要咖啡?哪種都行。DoeshelearnJapaneseorFrench?HelearnsFrench.他學(xué)日語(yǔ)還是學(xué)法語(yǔ)?他學(xué)法語(yǔ)。反意疑問(wèn)句Theyaregoingtotheairport,aren’tthey?他們要去機(jī)場(chǎng),是嗎?Youhaven’tfinishedyourhomework,haveyou?你沒(méi)做完作業(yè),是嗎?祈使句肯定句Besuretogetthereateight.務(wù)必八點(diǎn)鐘到那兒。否定句Don’tworry.I’llhelpyouout.別擔(dān)心,我會(huì)幫助你的。感嘆句what+名詞Whatgreatchangeswehavehadtheseyears!這幾年我們有了多么大的變化啊!Whatafinedayitis!多好的天氣呀!how+形容詞或副詞Howbraveheis!他多么勇敢呀!Howhardtheyareworking!他們工作多努力呀!how+句子Howtimeflies!時(shí)間過(guò)得多么快呀!How+adj.+a(an)+n.=Whata(an)+adj.+nHowniceaboy(heis)!=Whataniceboy(heis)!多好的孩子啊!按結(jié)構(gòu)分種類(lèi)類(lèi)型例句簡(jiǎn)單句主+謂Theydisappeared.他們消失了。主+謂+賓Helikesswimming.他喜歡游泳。Wehelpeachother.我們互相幫助。主+謂+間賓+直接賓Itoldmyfriendthegoodnews.我把好消息告訴了我的朋友。Theysentusatelegram.他們給我們拍了電報(bào)。主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)TheynamedtheboyJack.他們給孩子起名叫杰克。Iwanteverythingreadybyeighto’clock.我要求一切都要在八點(diǎn)前準(zhǔn)備好。主+系+表Sheisauniversitystudent.她是一名大學(xué)生。Hehasbecomeapilot.他已成為一名飛行員。并列句并列關(guān)系and,notonly…butalso,neither…nor,both…and,not…but,Eitheryoudoit,orIaskforsomebodyelsetodoit.要么你來(lái)做,要么我請(qǐng)其他人來(lái)做。NeitherTomnorJackhasfinishedthehomework.湯姆和杰克都沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)。Notcouldn’ttheycompletethetask,butthetaskwastootough.不是他們完不成任務(wù),而是任務(wù)太重了。轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but,while(而,盡管)nevertheless(然而;不過(guò))Johnlikesplayingbasketball,buthedidn’tplayityesterday.約翰喜歡打籃球,但他昨天沒(méi)打。選擇關(guān)系or,otherwiseorelse,either…orWemusthurry,orwe’llmissthetrain.我們必須快點(diǎn),否則會(huì)趕不上火車(chē)。EitheryoucometomyplaceorIgotoyours.或者你到我這兒來(lái),或者我到你那去。因果關(guān)系for,so,thus,therefore,andsoWehadbetterstayathome,foritwasraining.我們最好呆在家里,因?yàn)樘煺谙掠?。Hedidn’tworkhard,thereforehefailedintheexamination.他學(xué)習(xí)不努力,因此這次考試不及格。復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子叫復(fù)合句。在復(fù)合句中主句是全句的主體,從句是全句的一個(gè)成分,不能獨(dú)立。從句有:名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句)狀語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句(詳細(xì)請(qǐng)看以下內(nèi)容)II.狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句是每年高考必考的內(nèi)容,在高考試題中加上其它從句的干擾,以及倒裝句,強(qiáng)調(diào)句的介入,使得狀語(yǔ)從句更為復(fù)雜。1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句由下列連詞引導(dǎo):when,while,as,before,after,once,till,until,since,assoonas,nowthat,hardly…when,scarcely…when,nosooner…than,有一些表示時(shí)間的副詞(短語(yǔ))或名詞短語(yǔ)也可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。如:directly,instantly,immediately,bythetime,themoment,thesecond,theminute,theinstant,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thelasttime等重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容如下:①when,while,as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句▲as表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”,往往和when/while通用,但它著重強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生。ShecameupasIwascooking.(同時(shí))Therunnersstartedasthegunwentoff.(幾乎同時(shí))▲when(atorduringthetimethat)既可以表示在某一點(diǎn)的時(shí)候,又可表示在某一段時(shí)間內(nèi),主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情可以同時(shí)發(fā)生也可以先后發(fā)生。Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.(指時(shí)間點(diǎn))Whenwewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.(在一段時(shí)間內(nèi))Whenwearrivedthere,thefilmhadalreadybegun.(先后發(fā)生)▲while意思是“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”或“在某一段時(shí)間里”。主句中的動(dòng)作或事情在從句中的動(dòng)作或事情的進(jìn)展過(guò)程中發(fā)生,從句中的動(dòng)詞一般要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。在when表示aperiodoftime時(shí),兩者可以互換。Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhile/whenothersareworking.Hefellasleepwhile/whenreading.Strikewhiletheironishot.(不可用as或when,這里的while意思是“趁……”)②before狀語(yǔ)從句的重點(diǎn)句型▲……之后……才:ItwasalongtimebeforeIgottosleep.▲不多久……就:Itwasn’tlongbeforehetoldmeabouttheaffair.▲不等……就:BeforeIcouldgetinaword,hehadmeasuredme.▲剛……就:Hehardlyenteredtheroombeforeheheardthetelephonering.▲先……再:Youcanhaveafewdaystothinkaboutitbeforeyoumakeyourdecision.③since引導(dǎo)的從句用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(包括過(guò)去完成時(shí)),則從句的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束,從句意思是否定的。如果從句的動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的用完成時(shí)態(tài),從句意思是肯定的?!鳫ehasneverbeentoseemesinceIwasill.我病愈后,他一直未來(lái)看我。(不在生病了)▲HehasneverbeentoseemesinceIhavebeenill.我病了,他一直未來(lái)看我。▲Ihaven’theardfromhimsincehelivedhere.自從他這里搬走,我就沒(méi)有收到他的信。(不住在這兒了)▲Iknowhimverywellsincehehaslivedherenearus.自他住在我們附近以來(lái),我對(duì)他很了解。▲It’sthreeyearssinceIwasinthearmy.我退伍已三年了。(不在服役了)▲It’sthreeyearssinceIhavebeeninthearmy=It'sthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.我入伍已三年了。④如果與till與until從句使用的主句是肯定的,則主句中謂語(yǔ)要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞如果與其使用的主句是否肯定的,則主句中謂語(yǔ)要用短暫性動(dòng)詞。另till從句不可以置于句首,只有until從句可以放在句首。notuntil放在句首時(shí)主句要倒裝。2.原因狀語(yǔ)從句由下列連詞引導(dǎo):as(由于),because(因?yàn)?,since(既然),now(that)(既然),consideringthat(顧及到),seeingthat(由于)。IdoitbecauseIlikeit.因?yàn)槲蚁矚g我才干。(because不能與so連用)Hecouldn’thaveseenme,becauseIwasnotthere.他不可能見(jiàn)過(guò)我,因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)我不在那兒。Seeing(that)quiteafewpeoplewereabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.由于好些人都沒(méi)到會(huì),我們決定延期開(kāi)會(huì)Nowthat/Sinceyouareallhere,let’stryandreachadecision.既然大家都來(lái)了咱們就設(shè)法做一個(gè)決定吧Asshewasill,shedidn’tcometotheparty.由于病了,她沒(méi)來(lái)參加晚會(huì)。Consideringthattheyarejustbeginners,theyaredoingquiteagoodjob.考慮到他們才剛剛學(xué)做,他們干得算很不錯(cuò)的了。重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容如下:①because語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng),用于回答why的提問(wèn),可與強(qiáng)調(diào)詞only,just以及否定詞not連用。但不可以與so連用。如Youshouldn’tgetangryjustbecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.另外注意與not連用時(shí)否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。Hedidn’tdosuchathingbecausehewasafraidofhiswife.他并不是因?yàn)榕滤钠拮硬抛鲞@樣的事。Cf:Hedidn’tdosuchathing,becausehewasafraidofhiswife.因?yàn)榕缕拮?,他沒(méi)有做這樣的事。because引導(dǎo)的從句可以被強(qiáng)調(diào):ItwasbecauseshewantedtostudyabroadthatsheenteredforTOEFL②as語(yǔ)氣較弱,since語(yǔ)氣也較弱,但比as正式一些,所說(shuō)明的原因比較明顯或是已知的事實(shí),多用于口語(yǔ)中,所以不應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)。常置于句首。Asalltheseatswerefull,hestoodthere.Sinceyouaregoing,I’llgo,too.③for雖解釋為“因?yàn)椤钡皇且粋€(gè)并列連詞,它引導(dǎo)的是并列句,不是原因狀語(yǔ)從句。Thedaywasshort,foritwasDecember.3.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句由下列連詞引導(dǎo):where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere。Anywherehewent,hegotwarmwelcome.Thegirltakesthedollwithhereverywhereshegoes.WuhanlieswheretheYangtzeandtheHanRivermeet.武漢位于長(zhǎng)江和漢水匯合處。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者,事竟成。You’dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestions.哪兒有問(wèn)題,你最好在哪兒做個(gè)記號(hào)。(這里where引導(dǎo)的從句不是定語(yǔ)從句)4.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句由下列連詞引導(dǎo):that,so…that,sothat(從句中不帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞),such…that,withtheresultthat等。注意以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu):①so+adj/adv+that…②such(a/an+adj)+n+that…③so+adj+a/an+n+that=sucha/an+adj+n+that…④somany/much/few/little(少)+n+that…注意以上結(jié)構(gòu)與定語(yǔ)從句so/such…as的區(qū)別。Thisissuchaninteresting/sointerestingafilmthat/aseveryonewantstoseeit/(it).Hedidn’tplanhistimewellsothat/sohedidn’tfinishtheworkintime.他沒(méi)把時(shí)間計(jì)劃好,結(jié)果沒(méi)按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。Weleftinsuchahurrythatweforgottolockthedoor.我們走得匆忙,把門(mén)都忘了鎖了。Thevillageissosmallthatitcannotbeshowninthemap.這村子太小,所以這地圖上沒(méi)有。Jennyissuchaclevergirlthatalltheteacherslikeherverymuch=JennyissocleveragirlthatalltheteacherslikeherverymuchJenny是如此聰明的女孩,以至老師們都非常喜歡她。IhavehadsomanyfallsthatIamblackandblueallover.我摔了許多跤,以至于渾身青一塊紫一塊Hehassofewfriendsthatheoftenfeelslonely.他朋友很少,所以經(jīng)常感到孤獨(dú)。IhadsolittlemoneythenthatIcouldn’taffordalittlepresent.我當(dāng)時(shí)囊中羞澀連一份小小禮物都買(mǎi)不起5.目的狀語(yǔ)從句由下列連詞引導(dǎo):sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat等。目的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,could,may,might,should連用目的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can,could,may,might,should連用。(sothat也可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,但從句中不帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)Let’stakethefrontseats(so)thatwemayseemoreclearly.我們坐前排吧,這樣我們看得更清楚些。Schoolwasclosedearlyinorderthatthechildrenmightgohomeaheadofthestorm.早點(diǎn)兒放學(xué)是為了讓孩子們?cè)诒╋L(fēng)雨到來(lái)之前回家。Hetookthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.他把名字寫(xiě)下省得忘了。(該從句中一般用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should+動(dòng)詞原形,或省略should)Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.最好多帶些衣服以防天氣會(huì)冷。注意:sothat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后,inorderthat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句可以放在主句之前或之后。6.條件狀語(yǔ)從句分為真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句(用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中)。表示條件的狀語(yǔ)從句可以由if(如果),unless(除非),incase(萬(wàn)一),so/aslongas(只要),as/sofaras(就……而言),onconditionthat(條件是……)suppose(假設(shè))supposing(假設(shè))(僅用在問(wèn)句中)等詞或詞組引導(dǎo)。一般情況下當(dāng)主句是將來(lái)時(shí)的時(shí)候,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。As/Solongaswedon’tloseheart,we’llfindawaytoovercomethedifficulty.只要我們不灰心,我們就能找到克服困難的方法。Sendusamessageincaseyouhaveanydifficulty.萬(wàn)一你有什么困難,請(qǐng)給我們一個(gè)信兒。Ifyouleaveat6o’clocktomorrowmorning,you’dbettergettobednow.如果你明早6點(diǎn)鐘走,你最好現(xiàn)在就上床。We’llletyouusetheroomonconditionthatyoukeepitcleanandtidy.只要你能保持整潔,我們可以讓你使用這個(gè)房間。As/SofarasIknow,heisanexpertonDNA.據(jù)我所知,他是一個(gè)DNA專(zhuān)家。He’llacceptthejobunlessthesalaryistoolow/ifthesalaryisnottoolow.他會(huì)接受這項(xiàng)工作的,除非薪水太少/如果薪水不太少的話(huà)。Suppose/Supposingwecan’tgetenoughfood,whatshallwedo?假設(shè)我們弄不到足夠的食物,那我們?cè)趺崔k?7.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句由下列連詞引導(dǎo):although,though,as,evenif,eventhough,while,whether…or,whoever,whatever,however,nomatter+疑問(wèn)詞等。Wewon’tbediscouragedevenif(=eventhough)wefailtentimes.我們就是失敗十次也不泄氣。Itwasanexcitinggame,though/althoughnogoalswerescored.那是一場(chǎng)精彩的球賽,盡管一個(gè)球都沒(méi)進(jìn)。Whetheryoubelieveitornot,it’strue.不管你信不信,這是真的。However(=Nomatterhow)expensiveitmaybe,I’lltakeit.無(wú)論它有多貴,我也要買(mǎi)下它。Don’tletthemin,whoever(=nomatterwho)theyare.不管他們是誰(shuí),別讓他們進(jìn)來(lái)。NomatterwhatIsayorhowIsayit,healwaysthinksI’mwrong.無(wú)論我說(shuō)什么或怎么說(shuō),他總認(rèn)為是我錯(cuò)。注意以下幾點(diǎn):①although,though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),主句前不能用but,但可以加yet,stil。Herefuseshelpalthoughhehasmanyfriendswhowanttoofferallkindsofhelp.②as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),必須用前置結(jié)構(gòu),通常是從句中的表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形放在句首,放在句首的名詞前的冠詞要去掉。Childas(though)heis,heknowsalot.(注意在child前不要用冠詞)MuchasIlikeit,Iwon’tbuy.Tryashewould,hecouldn’tlifttheheavybox.8.方式狀語(yǔ)從句由下列連詞引導(dǎo):as,asif,asthough,theway等。Doitthewayyouweretold.注意以下幾點(diǎn):①as引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)意義為“按照”,“如同”,前面常用加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)勢(shì)。Ididitjustasyoutoldme.②asif和asthough引導(dǎo)的從句中,謂語(yǔ)常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,有時(shí)也用陳述語(yǔ)氣。③連詞while和whereas可表示對(duì)比。Whereasheisratherlazy,sheisquiteenergetic.9.比較狀語(yǔ)從句由下列連詞引導(dǎo):as…as,notas…as,notso…as,than等(詳情請(qǐng)參見(jiàn)【專(zhuān)題三】形容詞和副詞)。10.注意狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略現(xiàn)象①連接詞+過(guò)去分詞Unlessrepaired,thewashingmachineisnouse.②連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞Lookoutwhilecrossingthestreet.③連詞+形容詞/其他常見(jiàn)的有ifnecessary、ifpossible、whennecessary、ifany等。④比較狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略句。如:Hearrivedhomehalfanhourearlierthan(hehadbeen)expected.III.名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(NounClauses)。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)等,因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語(yǔ)法功能,名詞性從句又可分別稱(chēng)為主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞可分為三類(lèi):①that(不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分,無(wú)詞義。只起連接作用,因此往往可以省略。)whether,if(不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分,均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性。不可以省略。)asif,asthough(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)②what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which③when,where,how,whyWhocleanedtheblackboardisnotknownyet.誰(shuí)擦的黑板還不知道。Whathesaidisnottrue.他說(shuō)的不是實(shí)話(huà)Thathe’llcometoseeusisreallygreat.他來(lái)看我們真是太好啦。Idon’tknowwhyheisabsent.我不知道為什么他不在。Thequestioniswhetherhewilljoinusnexttime.問(wèn)題是下次他是否跟我們一起干。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。1.主語(yǔ)從句①由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句:Whetherthecountryshouldbuildanuclearpowerstationissomethingwemustdiscuss.那個(gè)國(guó)家是否應(yīng)該建立核電站……Thatlighttravelsinstraightlineisknowntoall.光以直線(xiàn)傳播②由連接代詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句:Whatweneedismoretime.我們所需要的是……Whicheverbookyouchoosedoesn’tmattertome.無(wú)論你選哪本書(shū)……Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.無(wú)論誰(shuí)來(lái)……③由連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句:Whentheplaneistotakeoffhasn’tbeenannounced.飛機(jī)什么時(shí)候起飛……Wherehehasbeenisstillapuzzle.他到過(guò)哪兒……Howmuchwaterisflowingcanbemeasuredeasily.水的流量是多少……④關(guān)于形式主語(yǔ)it▲It+be+形容詞+that-從句Itisnecessarythat…有必要……Itisimportantthat…重要的是……Itisobviousthat…很明顯……Itislikelythat….很可能▲It+be+-ed分詞+that-從句Itisbelievedthat…人們相信……Itisknowntoallthat…眾所周知……(注意該句型的變式:Itisknowntoallthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.=Asisknowntoall,theearthgoesaroundthesun.=Whatisknowntoallisthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.)Ithasbeendecidedthat…已決定……▲It+be+名詞+that-從句Itiscommonknowledgethat………是常識(shí)Itisasurprisethat…令人驚奇的是……Itisafactthat…事實(shí)是……可應(yīng)用于此句型的名詞還有fact/shame/honor/question/pity等?!鳬t+不及物動(dòng)詞+that-分句Itappearsthat…似乎……Ithappensthat…碰巧……Itoccurredtomethat…我突然想起……Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhelikesornot.2.表語(yǔ)從句可以接表語(yǔ)從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be,look,remain,seem等等。Theproblemisthatmillionsofpeopledieofillnessescausedbysmoking.……數(shù)百萬(wàn)人死于由抽煙引起的疾病Thequestionremainswhetherwecanwinthegame…..我們是否能贏(yíng)得這次比賽That’sjustwhatIwant.……我想要的Thisiswhereourproblemlies.……我們的問(wèn)題所在Thedifficultyishowwecanhelpsmokerskicktheirhabit……我們?nèi)绾螏椭鼰煹娜恕⒁猓孩俦碚Z(yǔ)從句的表現(xiàn)形式除了用從屬連詞,連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)以外,還可以由as,asif,asthough引導(dǎo)Thingswerenotastheyseemed.Itlooksasthoughitisgoingtorain.好象要下雨了。②另外還要注意以下常用的兩種結(jié)構(gòu):Thereasonwhy…isthat…(而不用because)It(This,That)isbecause…Thereasonwhyhewasdismissedisthathedidn’tworkhard.他為什么被開(kāi)除是因?yàn)樗ぷ鞑慌?。Itisbecausethetobaccocompanieswanttoremaininbusiness.3.同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句一般由that,whether等連詞引導(dǎo),常放在advice,doubt,fact,hope,idea,information,message,news,order,possibility,problem,question,reason,truth,word,suggestion.等名詞的后面,說(shuō)明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。Thenewsthathehadlandedonthemoonspreadallovertheworld.登陸月球…….Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.……什么時(shí)候回來(lái)ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill……Mary也許病了Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.……是否同意4.賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句可以作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),介詞的賓語(yǔ),某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ)以及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。①及物動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句:Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport……任何需要幫助的人……Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation……她為什么拒絕了我的邀請(qǐng)②介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句:IalwaysthinkofhowIcanimprovemyspokenEnglish.我總是在思考如何提高我的口語(yǔ)水平。Theteacherissatisfiedwithwhatshehassaid.老師對(duì)他所說(shuō)的話(huà)很滿(mǎn)意。③某些形容詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句:IamsurethatyouwillmakegreaterprogressinEnglishthroughhardwork.……通過(guò)努力工作,你將取得更大的進(jìn)步Wearesurprisedthathehasleftwithoutsayinggoodbyetous…….他沒(méi)有告別就走了④非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句:Realizingthatitwasjustadifferenceincustom,theforeignersmiledandsaidnothing.OnbeingaskedwhetherhehadhadagoodtimeinAustralia,heanswered“Terrible”.⑤關(guān)于形式賓語(yǔ)itWemustmakeitclearthatanyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.我們必須清楚任何違犯法律的人都將受到懲罰。Ifinditnecessarythatweshouldaskhimforhisadvice.我發(fā)現(xiàn)我們有必要征求他的意見(jiàn)。5.名詞性從句重難點(diǎn)①在名詞性從句中,疑問(wèn)句要用陳述句的語(yǔ)序。例如:▲Canyoumakesure____thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput▲Youcan'timagine__whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited②動(dòng)詞doubt用在疑問(wèn)句或否定句中,其后賓語(yǔ)從句常用that作連接詞;用在肯定句中,連接詞用whether或if皆可,而不用that。Doyoudoubtthathewillwin?Idon'tdoubtthatyourpropositioniswrong.HedoubtwhetherIknowit.③否定轉(zhuǎn)移問(wèn)題。▲將think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等動(dòng)詞后面跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)否定轉(zhuǎn)移Idon'tthinkIknowyou.我想我并不認(rèn)識(shí)你。Idon'tbelievehewillcome.我相信他不回來(lái)。Wedon'texpecthewillcometonight,willhe?注意:若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為hope,賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定詞不能轉(zhuǎn)移。Ihopeyouweren'till.我想你沒(méi)有生病吧?!鴮eem,appear等后的從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移Itdoesn'tseemthattheyknowwheretogo.看來(lái)他們不知道往哪去。Itdoesn'tappearthatwe'llhaveasunnydaytomorrow.看來(lái)我們明天不會(huì)碰上好天氣。④主謂一致問(wèn)題。Whathewantedtoseewasanendtoallthearmiesoftheworld.WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.⑤語(yǔ)氣問(wèn)題▲在含有suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,insist,desire,require,advise等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后,that從句常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)Isuggestwe(should)setoffatonce.我建議我們應(yīng)該立刻出發(fā)?!贗tis+過(guò)去分詞+that的主語(yǔ)從句中decided,demanded,desired,insisted,ordered,proposed,suggested,recommended,requested,required等。Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadythisevening.▲在表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句中Thesuggestionthatthemayor(should)presenttheprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.▲在Itis(was)+形容詞+that從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即(should+)動(dòng)詞原形,表示建議或不滿(mǎn)、驚奇等情緒。常用于此類(lèi)的形容詞有essential,important,natural,necessary,possible,strange,等。Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent____atleastaforeignlanguage.(上海1993)A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster⑥What引導(dǎo)名詞從句的特殊含義:▲Whatwasonceregardedasimpossiblehasnowbecomeareality.(what為“所……的事”,相當(dāng)于“thethingthat…;allthat…;everythingthat…”)▲After________seemedaverylongtime,Iopenedmyeyeandfoundmyselfinbed.(MET'93)A.whatB.whenC.thatD.which(what相當(dāng)于“thetimethat”,表示“……時(shí)間”)▲Heisnotwhathewasafewyearsago.WhoisitthathasmadeFredwhatheisnow?(what表示“……的人”,相當(dāng)于“thepersonthat…”)▲WhatisnowtheNorthSaharaDesertwasonceacivilizedworld.(what表示“……的地方”,相當(dāng)于“theplacethat…”)▲Ourincomeisnowdoublewhatitwastenyearsago(what表示“……的數(shù)目”,相當(dāng)于“theamount/numberthat…”)⑦不可省略的連詞:▲介詞后的連詞不可省略BeforeIcamedownstairsIhadpreparedmyselfverycarefullyforwhatImustsay.下樓之前,我已經(jīng)把我要說(shuō)的認(rèn)真準(zhǔn)備好了?!龑?dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞不可省略Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.她被選上了,我們很高興。Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我們聽(tīng)到消息說(shuō)我們隊(duì)贏(yíng)了?!e語(yǔ)從句有多個(gè)that引導(dǎo)時(shí),從第二個(gè)及其后面的that不能省略Ibelieve(that)youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter.⑧比較:whether與if均為“是否”的意思。但在下列情況下,whether不能被if取代:▲whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句在句首Whethershecomesornotdoesn’tconcernme.她是否來(lái)與我無(wú)關(guān)?!龑?dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句Hisfirstquestionwaswhethershehadarrivedyet.他問(wèn)第一個(gè)問(wèn)題就是她來(lái)了沒(méi)有?!龑?dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句Answermyquestionwhetheryouarecoming.回答我你是否來(lái)的問(wèn)題?!鴚hether從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情?!cornot連在一起Idon’tknowwhetherornotheisgoingtoJapan.我不知道他是否去日本。大部分連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句都可以置于句末,用it充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)。例如:Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.誰(shuí)去,這不重要。Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.到底誰(shuí)贏(yíng)呢,形勢(shì)尚不明朗。IV.定語(yǔ)從句(一)基本概念1.由一個(gè)句子作定語(yǔ),修飾句中一個(gè)名詞或代詞,有時(shí)也可以修飾整個(gè)句子或句中的部分內(nèi)容,這樣的從句就是定語(yǔ)從句,被其修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。2.關(guān)系詞分為兩大類(lèi),即關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,其作用一是引出一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,二是代替其所修飾的先行詞,三是在句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)句子成分。關(guān)系詞的分類(lèi)和基本用法表一分類(lèi)指代引導(dǎo)詞關(guān)系代詞人who,whom,that,as事物which,that,as人或物(表所屬關(guān)系)whose關(guān)系副詞地點(diǎn)where時(shí)間when原因why表二關(guān)系代詞指代例句解釋who人ThemanwhohelpedyouisMrWhite.在定從中作主語(yǔ)whomThatistheperson(whom/who/that)youwanttosee.在定從中作賓語(yǔ),可省略whoseHeisthefatherwhosesonstudiesverywellinourclass.在定從中作定語(yǔ)thatI′mnotthefoolthatyouthoughtmetobe.在定從中作表語(yǔ)asHeissuchalazymanasnobodywantstoworkwith.在定從中作賓語(yǔ)that事物Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.在定從中作賓語(yǔ)whichAdictionaryisausefulbookwhichtellsusthemeaningofwords在定從中作主語(yǔ)whoseHelivesinaroomwhosewindowfacessouth在定從中作定語(yǔ)asItissuchabigstoneasnobodycanlift.在定從中作賓語(yǔ)整句內(nèi)容Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.在定從中作主語(yǔ)表三關(guān)系副詞指代例句解釋when時(shí)間Wouldyousuggestatimewhenwecanhaveatalk?在定從中作狀語(yǔ)where地點(diǎn)Thehousewheretheyliveisnotverylarge.在定從中作狀語(yǔ)why原因Thisisthereasonwhyhedidnotcametothemeeting.在定從中作狀語(yǔ)(二)定語(yǔ)從句的注意點(diǎn)本部分的內(nèi)容比較復(fù)雜,為便于考生一目了然,我們?cè)噲D用表格的形式呈現(xiàn)給考生。1.that與which,who,whom的用法區(qū)別情況用法說(shuō)明例句只用that的情況①先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代詞時(shí)②先行詞被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修飾時(shí)③先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)④先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)⑤先行詞被theonly,thevery修飾時(shí)⑥句中已經(jīng)有who或which時(shí),為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)①Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.②A(yíng)llthebooksthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.③ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.④Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.⑤HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.⑥Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?只用which,who,whom的情況①在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人②在由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,只能用which指物,whom指人。③先行詞本身是that時(shí),關(guān)系詞用which,先行詞為those,one,he時(shí)多用who。①Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.②Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.③Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.只用that,inwhich或不用關(guān)系詞的情況theway做先行詞時(shí)①M(fèi)ary,thereisonewaythatyoucouldstopotherstalkingaboutyouandcriticizingyou.②Iwasstruckbythebeautyofthewayinwhichshestood.③Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_______hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich2.as、which和that的區(qū)別從句區(qū)別例句限制性定語(yǔ)從句中名詞前有such和thesame修飾時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中as和which都可以指代前面整個(gè)主句。如果有“正如,象”的含義,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放主句后,并無(wú)“正如”的意思。Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.thesame...as和thesame...thatthesame...as指同類(lèi)事物thesame...that指原物That’sthesametoolasIusedlastweek.(同類(lèi)工具,不是同一把)That’sthesametoolthatIusedlastweek.那就是我上周用過(guò)的工具。3.where、when與why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞用法例句where關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),只能在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),其修飾的名詞必須是表示(具體或抽象的)地點(diǎn)的名詞。We’rejusttryingtoteachapoint___bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.A.whereB.thatC.whenD.whichwhen關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),只能在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),其修飾的名詞必須是表示時(shí)間的名詞。Therewas________time________Ihatedtogotoschool.A.a;thatB.a;whenC.the;thatD.the;whenwhy關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),只能在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ),其修飾的名詞必須是表示原因的名詞。Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewasputintoprison?你知道她坐牢的原因嗎?4.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ),且該介詞不是和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞可以提前,這樣就出現(xiàn)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”。先行詞指物,用“介詞+which/whose”,指人則用“介詞+whom/whose”,且兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞均不能省略。介詞的選擇要遵循兩個(gè)原則:原則內(nèi)容例句原則一根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與先行詞的搭配內(nèi)容而定Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirection__________shehadcome.A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich[解析]此題考查由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,根據(jù)句意用fromwhich表示“所來(lái)的那個(gè)方向”,故答案選[D]原則二根據(jù)先行詞而定Therearetwobuildings,_______standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A.thelargerB.thelargerofthemC.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich[解析]thelargerofwhich指代thelargerofthetwobuildings,which在定語(yǔ)從句中指代building,作介詞of的賓語(yǔ),故答案為[D]。5.定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞被分割開(kāi)來(lái)的現(xiàn)象定語(yǔ)從句一般緊接被它所修飾的先行詞;但有時(shí)候它和先行詞之間有可能插入其他成分,使它與先行詞分隔開(kāi)來(lái),這種定語(yǔ)從句叫作被分隔的定語(yǔ)從句,在閱讀文章時(shí)會(huì)經(jīng)常遇到這種情況,在閱讀是要注意識(shí)別先行詞的修飾對(duì)象?,F(xiàn)象例句在定語(yǔ)從句加中插入語(yǔ),常見(jiàn)的有:Ithink,Isuppose,Iguess,Iimagine等。辨別的方法是:去掉插入語(yǔ)后,原句句法結(jié)構(gòu)仍然完整。①I(mǎi)sthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?Right,justtheone________youknowIusedtoworkforyears.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what[解析]work是不及物動(dòng)詞,先行詞one在定語(yǔ)從句中只能作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),Youknow在句中作插入語(yǔ),所以答案選[C]。②Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,______ofimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkis[解析]這里Ithink是插入語(yǔ),which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,故選[A]。在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間插入一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)Therearemanythousandsofstarsintheskythatarelikethesun.在太空中有成千上萬(wàn)的象太陽(yáng)般的星星。乍一看,that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句在名詞sky的后面,似乎應(yīng)該是修飾sky的。但仔細(xì)一想,”不對(duì)啊,天空怎么能象太陽(yáng)呢?“,原來(lái)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句被inthesky這個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)分隔開(kāi)來(lái),修飾中心詞stars。在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間插入一個(gè)定語(yǔ)DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace?你還記得嗎,十年前的一天下午,我來(lái)到你家,找你借了一條鉆石項(xiàng)鏈?whenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace實(shí)際上是修飾afternoon而不是修飾years。tenyearsago實(shí)際上是定語(yǔ)后置修飾afternoon。先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句被謂語(yǔ)分隔開(kāi)來(lái)。此時(shí),先行詞通常是句子的主語(yǔ),因定語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng),主句謂語(yǔ)較短,為使句子平衡,常將定語(yǔ)從句移至謂語(yǔ)之后AnewmasterwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.6.定語(yǔ)從句與其它從句(句型)的區(qū)別類(lèi)別區(qū)別例句定語(yǔ)從句與并列句定語(yǔ)從句與并列句的主要區(qū)別在于:并列句有像and,but,so等并列連詞或兩個(gè)句子用分號(hào)連接,這時(shí)就不能再用引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞了。①M(fèi)rLihasthreedaughters,noneof_____isanengineer.②MrLihasthreedaughters,butnoneof_____isadancer.從結(jié)構(gòu)上看,①小題是定語(yǔ)從句,故填whom;②小題有并列連詞but,是并列句,故填代詞them。定語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句的前面有名詞作先行詞,而狀語(yǔ)從句沒(méi)有先行詞。Thisistheplacewhereweusedtoliveafewyearsago.這是幾年前我們居住的地方。(定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為theplace)Let’sgowherewecanfindabetterjob.我們到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句)定語(yǔ)從句修飾、限制、說(shuō)明名詞,只能放在先行詞的后面,而狀語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的情況,并且可以放在主句的前面。Doyouknowthetimewhentheclassisover?你知道下課的時(shí)間嗎?(定語(yǔ)從句)Itwasalreadyfiveo’clockwhentheclasswasover.=Whentheclasswasover,itwasalreadyfiveo’clock.當(dāng)下課時(shí)己經(jīng)是5點(diǎn)了。(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)When,where和why在引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以用“介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)替換,在引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)卻不行。Thisisthefactoryinwhich(where)hisfatheronceworked.這就是他的父親曾經(jīng)工作過(guò)的那個(gè)工廠(chǎng)。(定語(yǔ)從句)Putbackthebookwhereitwas.把書(shū)放回原處。(狀語(yǔ)從句)定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)某種句子成分,因此去掉它則從句成分不完整;而結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞在從句中不作任何成分,去掉后從句的成分仍然完整。Itissuchaninterestingbookaswealllike.它是我們大家都喜歡的如此有趣的書(shū)。(as用作動(dòng)詞like的賓語(yǔ),它引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句)Itissuchaninterestingbookthatwealllikeit.它是一本如此有趣的書(shū),我們大家都喜歡它。(that不充當(dāng)句子成分,故它引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中相當(dāng)于形容詞,對(duì)先行詞起修飾、描述或限制的作用,與先行詞之間有從屬關(guān)系。同位語(yǔ)的作用相當(dāng)于名詞,對(duì)前面的名詞給予補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或進(jìn)一步解釋?zhuān)乔懊婷~的具體內(nèi)容,與先行詞之間是同位關(guān)系。Thenewsthatshehadpassedtheexammadeherparentsveryhappy.她考試及格的消息使她父母親很高興。(同位語(yǔ)從句)此句中的同位語(yǔ)從句Thenewsthatshehadpassedtheexam可以改寫(xiě)成表語(yǔ)從句:Thenewsisthathepassedtheexam.Thenewsthathetoldusinterestedallofus.他告訴我們的消息使大家都感興趣。(定語(yǔ)從句)Thenewsthathetoldus是定語(yǔ)從句,此句不能改寫(xiě)為:Thenewsisthathetoldus.定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+從句”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是除謂語(yǔ)以外的任何成分,當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí),還可用who代替that。這一句型中,一定不能因?yàn)楸粡?qiáng)調(diào)部分是表時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的詞就用when或where代替that。①I(mǎi)tisonthemorningofMay1st_____ImetLiangWeiattheairport.②Itisthefactory_____MrWangworks.從結(jié)構(gòu)上看:①小題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,故填that。②小題則是定語(yǔ)從句,用上述方法轉(zhuǎn)換便知thefactory前差個(gè)介詞in,故填where。此外還要注意下列兩點(diǎn):▲定語(yǔ)從句與習(xí)慣句型用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子,使之完整與正確。①I(mǎi)tisthefirsttime_____shehasbeeninShanghai.②Itwasthetime_____Chinesepeoplehadahardlife.解析:這里①小題是一個(gè)習(xí)慣句型,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:Itis/wasthefirst/second...time+that從句。故①填that,其意為:這是她第一次在上海。②小題thetime是先行詞,其后是表示時(shí)間的定語(yǔ)從句,故填when?!ㄕZ(yǔ)從句與簡(jiǎn)單句用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子,使之完整與正確。①Themothertoldthelazyboytowork,_____didn'thelp.②Themothertoldthelazyboytowork._____didn'thelp.解析:含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句與兩個(gè)單句的主要區(qū)別在于:前者有主句,有從句,必須有關(guān)系詞;而后者則是兩個(gè)單獨(dú)的句子,不需要任何關(guān)聯(lián)詞。①小題兩個(gè)句子用逗號(hào)連接且沒(méi)有并列連詞,顯然應(yīng)是主從句關(guān)系,因此需用關(guān)系詞which,前面整個(gè)句子作先行詞;②小題則填I(lǐng)t,代替前面的整個(gè)句子。解題時(shí),注意標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的運(yùn)用?!靖呖碱A(yù)測(cè)】1.______isknowntousallisthatShenzhouVIIhaslaunchedforthefirstspacewalksuccessfully.A.ThatB.WhatC.ItD.As2.BarackObamadeliveredaspeechto500localyouthsduringhisvisittoChina,manyof_______werefromFudanUniversityandTongjiA.themB.whomC.whichD.those3.Mostofusstillwonder_______itis_______makesthosehonestpeasantworkers,withoutbeingpaidatall,resignthemselvestothebosses.A.what;thatB./;whatC.that;whatD./;that4.—Joinusinthepartytonight,wouldyou?—Sorry,I’mafraidIcan’t,______I______thecontentofsomereportswithmyboss.A.for;havediscussedB.because;willbediscussingC.before;discussedD.when;willhavediscussed5.—I’mgoingtoNewYorkforfurtherstudiesnextterm.—Congratulations!________you’rethere,canyoukeepmee-mailed?A.AsB.W

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