2023屆上海市上海中學高三英語模擬練習(一)(解析版)

2023年上海中學高三英語模擬練習(一)

GrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammatically

correct.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheother

blanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

TodaytheStatueofLibertyisabelovedlandmark.It1(tower)aboveoftheharborofNewYorkandis

lovinglycaredforbytheNationalParkService.ManythousandsofvisitorswhovisitLibertyIslandeachyearmight

neversuspectthatgettingthestatue2(build)wasalongslowstruggle.Morethanacenturyago,it3(be)

thecelebrationoffreedomandthecommemorationofthefriendshipbetweenAmericaandFrancethatinspired

sculptorAugusteBartholdiandfinallyhewentforwardwithdesigningthepotentialstatueandpromotingtheideaof

buildingit.However,moneywassobigaproblem4washauntingthetwogovernmentsfromthebeginning

totheend.

DonationsfbrthebuildingofthestatuefirstbegancominginthroughoutFrancein1875.Numerouspeoplegave

donations.Acoppercompanydonatedthecoppersheetsthatwouldbeusedtofashiontheskinofthestatue.Various

donationswerehelpful,5thecostofthestatuekeptriding.6(face)withashortfallofmoney,the

French-AmericanUnionheldalottery.MerchantsinParisdonatedprizes,andticketsweresold.Thelotterywasa

success,butmoremoneywasstillneeded.ThesculptorBartholdieventuallysoldminiatureversionsofthestatue,

7thenameofthebuyerengravedonthem.Finally,inJuly1880theFrench-AmericanUnionannouncedthat

enoughmoneyhadbeenraisedtocompletethebuildingofthestatue.

WhiletheFrenchhadannouncedthatthefundsforthestatueswereinplacein1880,bylate1882theAmerican

donations,whichwouldbeneededtobuildthepedestal,weresadlylagging.ThesculptorBartholdihadtravelledto

Americain1871topromotetheideaofthestatue.DespiteBartholdi'sefforts,theideaofthestatuewasdifficult

8(sell),somenewspapers,mostnotablytheNewYorkTimes,oftencriticizedthestatueasfolly,and

vehementlyopposed9(spend)anymoneyonit.ThenewspaperpublisherJosephPulitzer,whohadpurchased

aNewYorkCitydaily,TheWorld,intheearly1880s,tookusthecauseofthestatue'spedestal.Hemountedan

energeticfunddrive,promisingtoprintthenameofeachdonor,10smallthedonation,Pulitzer^audacious

planworked,andmillionsofpeoplearoundthecountrybegandonatingwhatevertheycould.

InAugustl885,thatfinal$100,000forthestatue;spedestalhadbeenraised.Constructionworkonthestone

structurecontinued,andthenextyeartheStatueofLiberty,whichhadarrivedfromFrancepackedincrated,was

erectedontop.

【答案】1.towers

2.built3.was

4.as5.but

6.Faced7.with

8.tosell9.spending

10.however

【解析】

本文就是關于養(yǎng)寵物的好處，科學不能說明寵物的力氣，但很多探討都表明有了寵物的陪伴(companyof

pets),可以幫我們降低血壓和復原心臟功能，并且削減我們的孤獨感。寵物不僅能調(diào)整你的精神而且還能

改善你的飲食習慣。

【1題詳解】

考查時態(tài)。句意：今日，自由女神像是一個受人寵愛的地標。它屹立在紐約港的上空，被國家公園管理局

親切地照看著。結(jié)合句意可知句子用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，主語是it,單數(shù)第三人稱形式，此處tower(高聳)是

動詞，故答案為towers。

【2題詳解】

考查過去分詞。句意：每年訪問自由島的成千上萬的游客可能恒久不會懷疑，建立這座雕像是一場漫長而

緩慢的斗爭。此處get+賓語+過去分詞，Ihestatue和build之間是被動關系，是過去分詞做賓語補足語，故

答案為builto

【3題詳解】

考查時態(tài)。依據(jù)Morethanacenturyago,可知句子用一般過去時態(tài)，主語是it,故答案為was。

【4題詳解】

考查as引導的定語從句。句意：然而，金錢是一個如此巨大的問題，就像從一起先就困擾著兩國政府一樣。

先行詞是aproblem,指物，在后面的定語從句中做主語，此處as是關切代詞，且前面有so,故答案為as。

【5題詳解】

考查并列連詞。句意：各種各樣的捐贈都很有幫助，但雕像的成本始終在持續(xù)。前后是一種轉(zhuǎn)折關系，故

答案為but。

【6題詳解】

考查過去分詞做狀語，句意：面對資金短缺，法裔美國人工會實行了抽獎。固定搭配：befacedwith面臨

著一，此處是過去分詞做時間狀語，故答案為Faced。

【7題詳解】

考查介詞。句意：雕塑家Bartholdi最終出售了雕像的迷你版，上面刻著買家的名字。withthenameof以…

的名義，故答案為with。

【8題詳解】

考查動詞不定式做狀語。句意：盡管Bartholdi的努力，雕像的想法很難賣出去。此處句子的主語做后面動

詞不定式的賓語，主動表示被動，故答案為tosell。

【9題詳解】

考查固定搭配。句意：一些報紙，尤其是紐約時報，常常指責這座雕像是愚蠢的，并劇烈反對在它上面花

任何錢。opposedoingsth.反對做某事，故答案為spending。

【10題詳解】

考查however引導的讓步狀語從句。句意：他登上了一個充溢活力的基金，承諾要打印每個捐贈者的名字，

無論捐款多么少，普利策的大膽安排奏效了，全國各地的數(shù)百萬人起先捐贈他們能做的任何事情。此處

however（無論怎樣），引導讓步狀語從句，故答案為however。

SectionB

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Note

thatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.alertB.classifyC.commitD.delicatelyE.gentleF.impose

G.labelsH.moderationI.relieveJ.signalsK.simply

Let'ssayyou'vedecidedyouwanttoeatmorehealthfully.However,youdon'thavetimetocarefullyplan

menusfbrmealsorreadfood11atthesupermarket.Sinceyoureally12yourselftoahealthier

lifestyle,alittlehelpwouldcomeinhandy,wouldn'tit?Thisiswherea"choicearchitect'1canhelp13someof

theburdenofdoingitallyourself.Choicearchitectsarepeoplewhoorganizethecontextsinwhichcustomersmake

decisions.Forexample,thepersonwhodecidesthelayoutofyourlocalsupermarket------includingwhichshelfthe

peanutbuttergoeson,andhowtheorangesarepiledup------isachoicearchitect.

Governmentsdon'thaveto14healthierlifestylesthroughlawsforexample,smokingbans.Rather,

ifgivenanenvironmentcreatedbyachoicearchitect------onethatencouragesustochoosewhatisbest------wewill

dotherightthings.Inotherwords,therewillbedesignsthatgentlypushcustomerstowardmakinghealthierchoices,

withoutremovingfreedomofchoice.Thisideacombinesfreedomtochoosewith15hintsfromchoice

architects,whoaimtohelppeoplelivelonger,healthier,andhappierlives.

TheBritishandSwedishgovernmentshaveintroducedaso-called"trafficlightsystem'*to16foods

ashealthyorunhealthy.Thismeansthatcustomerscanseeataglancehowmuchfat,sugar,andsalteachproduct

contains17bvlookingatthelightsonthepackage.Agreenlight18thattheamountsofthethree

nutrientsarehealthy;yellowindicatesthatthecustomershouldbe19;andredmeansthatthefoodishighinat

leastoneofthethreenutrientsandshouldbeeatenin20.Thecustomerisgivenimportanthealthinformation,

butisstillfreetodecidewhattochoose.

【答案】1LG12.C

13.I14.F

15.E16.B

17.K18.J

19.A20.H

【解析】

本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹人們都希望有健康的生活方式和飲食，但是沒有時間安排，這里介紹了兩種

方法，一種是"choicearchitect”,還有一種是"交通燈系統(tǒng)"。

[11題詳解】

本題考查名詞搭配.由于在超市里，所以是閱讀食物標簽（labels）.故選G.

【12題詳解】

本題考查動詞短語搭配。依據(jù)所給詞匯以及,,yourselftoahealthierlifestyle,只有commityourselfto（承諾

符合句意。故選C。

【13題詳解】

本題考查動詞用法。依據(jù)后面內(nèi)容someoftheburdenofdoingitallyourself以及前面動詞help可知此空應

填relieve（減輕），構(gòu)成能夠有助于減輕獨自做這事的一些負擔”。故選I。

【14題詳解】

本題考查動詞用法。依據(jù)句子邏輯，此句意思為“政府不必通過法律來強加（impose）更健康的生活方式，

如戒煙"。故選F。

【15題詳解】

本題考查形容詞用法。依據(jù)設空，本空填形容詞，而alert（警覺的）不符合句意，只有gentle（文靜的）

符合句意。故選E。

【16題詳解】

本題考查動詞短語用法。本句句意為“英國和瑞典政府引進了所謂的交通燈系統(tǒng)來吧食物分類為健康的或不

健康的"，短語classify,,as?表示"把,”，分類為故選B。

【17題詳解】

本題考查副詞用法。依據(jù)”customerscanseeataglancehowmuchfat,sugar,andsalteachproduct

contains_7—bylookingatthelightsonthepackage（顧客們只要看包裝上的指示燈一■眼就能看出每一個產(chǎn)品

含有多少脂肪、糖和鹽）可知，此空填simply。故選K。

【18題詳解】

本題考查動詞用法。由于空后所接的是賓語從句，所以該空填及物動詞，結(jié)合后面indicates的意思可知，

該空填signals（表示）。故選J。

【19題詳解】

本題考查形容詞用法。依據(jù)前面”綠燈表示三種養(yǎng)分的量是健康的“可知”黃燈表示三種養(yǎng)分的量可能有問題

”，因此消費者應當留心（alert）。故選A。

[20題詳解】

本題考查名詞詞義。依據(jù)句子redmeansthatthefoodishighinatleastoneofthethreenutrients（紅燈意味著

至少三個養(yǎng)分中的一個是高的）可知，這樣的食物應當有節(jié)制地（inmoderation）吃。故選H。

ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA.B.CandD.Fillineach

blankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalor

politicalproblemsoftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe'vejustwatchedorbookswe'vejustfinishedreading,

butplainandsimple21

Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspecies,andwhatdowe22dowithit?Wegossip.Aboutothers*

behaviourandprivatelives,suchaswho'sdoingwhatwithwhom,who'sinandwho'sout------andwhy;howtodeal

withdifficult23situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,andcolleagues.

Sowhyarewekeenongossiping?Arewejustnatural24、ofbothtimeandwords?Ordowetalkalot

aboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflife?It'snotthecaseaccording

toProfessorRobinDunbar.Infact,inhislatestbook,Grooming,GossipandtheEvolutionofLanguage,the

psychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally25issues.

Dunbar26thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocial

developmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectively,oreventopromotetheexchangeof

poeticstoriesabouttheiroriginsandthesupernatural.Insteadhesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.We

don'tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalk,arguesDunbar-27.hegoesontosay,

languageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip.

Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe28ofthehigherprimateslikemonkeys.Bymeansof

grooming------cleaningthefurbybrushingit,monkeysformgroupswithotherindividualsonwhomtheycanrely

forsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor29fromoutsideit.

Aswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamily,Dunbar30thatatonetimein

ourhistorywedidmuchthesame.Groupingtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthe

31itprovided;ontheotherhand,thebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.

Groominghelpedto32thepressureandcalmeverybodydown.

Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbigger,theamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe

33tomaintainitseffectiveness.Clearly,amore34kindofgroomingwasneeded,andthuslanguage

evolvedasakindofvocalgroomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-largergroupsby

exchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one35

contact.

21.A.claimB.descriptionC.gossipD.language

22.A.occasionallyB.habituallyC.independentlyD.originally

23.A.socialB.politicalC.historicalD.cultural

24.A.admirersB.mastersC.usersD.wasters

25.A.vitalB.sensitiveC.idealD.difficult

26.A.confirmsB.rejectsC.outlinesD.broadens

27.A.forinstanceB.inadditionC.onthecontraryD.asaresult

28.A.motivationB.appearanceC.emotionD.behavior

29.A.attackB.contactC.inspectionD.assistance

30.A.recallsB.deniesC.concludesD.confesses

31.A.prospectB.responsibilityC.leadershipD.protection

32.A.measureB.showC.maintainD.ease

33.A.savedB.extendedC.consumedD.gained

34.A.commonB.efficientC.scientificD.thoughtful

35.A.indirectB.dailyC.physicalD.secret

【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.D25.A26.B27.C28.D29.A30.C

31.D32.D33.B34.B35.C

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇爭論文。探討表明人們的語言大多數(shù)不是重大的話題探討和探討，而很多是閑言碎語，這些閑

言碎語是不是奢侈時間呢，RobinDunbar教授不是這樣認為的，他認為閑言碎語是特別重要的，是人類發(fā)

展過程中特別重要的溝通形式。

[21題詳解】

考查名詞辨析。四個選項的含義分別是：A.宣稱,B.描述，C.閑談，D.語言，依據(jù)上文的句子：可知我們?nèi)?/p>

類的大多數(shù)對話不是文化的，政治的問題，也不是關于電影和樹的探討，而就是簡潔的閑言碎語，Research

hasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalorpoliticalproblems

oftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe'vejustwatchedorbookswe'vejustfinishedreading下文多次出現(xiàn)

gossip這個詞，所以選C。

【22題詳解】

考查副詞辨析。四個選項的含義分別是：A.偶然地，B.習慣地，C.獨立地，D.最初地，依據(jù)上一句，Language

isourgreatesttreasureasaspecies,語言是我們做為一個物種的最宏大的財寶,我們習慣怎么運用它？所以選

Bo

【23題詳解】

考查形容詞辨析。四個選項的含義分別是：A.社交的，B.政治的，C.歷史的，D.文化的，依據(jù)下文的：involving

children,lovers,andcolleagues.包括孩子，愛人和同事這些都是社會形勢，所以選A.

【24題詳解】

考查名詞辨析。四個選項的含義分別是：A.仰慕者，B.主子，C.運用者，D.奢侈者，依據(jù)上文，Sowhyare

wekeenongossiping?我們?yōu)槭裁磳檺壅f些閑言碎語，因為我們是時間和語言的奢侈者嗎？所以選D。

【25題詳解】

考查形容詞辨析。四個選項的含義分別是：A.至關重要的，B.敏感的，C.志向的，D.困難的，依據(jù)上文的

介紹，It'snotthecaseaccordingtoProfessorRobinDunbar.可知RobinDunbar教授不認為我們是奢侈時間，

而認為閑言碎語是最重要的事情，所以選A。

【26題詳解】

考查動詞辨析。四個選項的含義分別是：A.證明，B.反對，C.概述，略述，畫輪廓，打草圖D.拓寬，依據(jù)

上下文可知RobinDunbar教授是反對傳統(tǒng)的關于語言是在人類社會發(fā)展初期在組織打獵的時候發(fā)展起來的

這個觀點，所以選B。

【27題詳解】

考查詞組辨析。四個選項的含義分別是：A.例如，B.此外，C.相反的，D.因此，依據(jù)上文的句子：Insteadhe

suggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.Wedon'tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecan

talk,可知：正相反的是，語言進化是是讓我們說些閑言碎語的，所以選C。

【28題詳解】

考查名詞辨析。四個選項的含義分別是：A.動機，B.外表，出現(xiàn)，C.情感，D.行為，依據(jù)下文的描述Bymeans

ofgrooming可知教授是通過探討靈長類動物的行為得出這個令人興奮的理論的，所以選D。

【29題詳解】

考查名詞辨析。四個選項的含義分別是：A.進攻，B.聯(lián)系，C.視察，D.幫助，依據(jù)上文的conflict可知猴子

和其他的個體形成群體來獲得在內(nèi)部沖突事務中或來自外界的進攻時的支持，所以選A。

【30題詳解】

考查動詞辨析。四個選項的含義分別是：A.回想，B.否認，C.下結(jié)論，結(jié)束，D..承認，傾聽（某人的）懺

悔，這句話的意思是：教授下結(jié)論說，我們在歷史上做過相像的事情，所以選C。

[31題詳解】

考查名詞辨析。四個選項的含義分別是：A..前景，期望，遠眺處，景象，B.責任，C.領導，D.愛護，依據(jù)

下文的：ontheotherhand,thebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.可知因為群體越

大，獲得的愛護就越大，所以選D。

【32題詳解】

考查動詞辨析。四個選項的含義分別是：A.衡量，B.展示,C.保持，D.緩解，依據(jù)上文：ontheotherhand,the

biggerthegroup,thegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.群體越大，生活在一起的壓力就越大，梳理毛

發(fā)可以緩解壓力，讓每個人都冷靜下來，所以選D。

【33題詳解】

考查動詞辨析。四個選項的含義分別是：A.挽救，B.延長，延長，C.消費，消耗，D.獲得，隨著群體越來

越大，花在裝扮上的時間就要延長來維持它的效果，所以選B。

【34題詳解】

考查形容詞辨析。四個選項的含義分別是：A.常見的，普遍的，B.有效的，C.科學的，D.考慮周到的，依

據(jù)上文的effectiveness可知這里是須要一個更加有效的梳理毛發(fā)。所以選B。

【35題詳解】

考查形容詞辨析。四個選項的含義分別是：A.間接的，B.日常的，C.物理的，身體的，D.隱私的，語言演

化成了有聲的梳理毛發(fā)，它可以讓人們通過比一對一的日常溝通更多的人群中交換信息“這樣可以和更大

的群體發(fā)展關系，所以選C。

【點睛】完形填空的解題技巧之一就是要依據(jù)上下文來學會“推理”出最佳選項。同學們要遵循“上下求索”

的原則來查找信息。本題第8小題，依據(jù)下文的描述Bymeansofgrooming可知教授是通過探討靈長類動

物的行為得出這個令人興奮的理論的，所以答案為“行為”；本題第12小題，依據(jù)上文：ontheotherhand,the

biggerthegroup,thegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.群體越大，生活在一起的壓力就越大，梳理毛

發(fā)可以緩解壓力，讓每個人都冷靜下來，可知此處是“緩解”。

SectionB（每題2分，共40分）

Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choose

theonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

A

Theteacherwhodidthemosttoencouragemewas,asithappens,myaunt.ShewasMyrtleC.

Manigault,thewifeofmymother*sbrotherBill.Shetaughtmeinsecondgradeatall-blackSummerSchoolin

Camden,NewJersey.

Duringmychildhoodandyouth,AuntMyrtleencouragedmetodevelopeveryaspectofmypotential,without

regardforwhatwasconsideredpracticalorpossibleforblackfemales.Ilikedtosing;shelistenedtomyvoiceand

pronounceditgood.Icouldn'tdance;shetaughtmethebasicdancingsteps.Shetookmetothetheatre-notjust

children'stheatrebutadultcomediesanddramas-andherfaiththatIcouldappreciateadultplayswasnot

disappointed.

Myauntalsotookdownbooksfromherextensivelibraryandsharedthemwithme.Ihadbooksathome,but

theywereallseriousclassics.EvenasachildIhadastronglikingforhumour,andI'llneverforgetthejoyof

discoveringDonMarquis'sArchy&Mehitabelthroughher.

Mostimportant,perhaps,AuntMyrtleprovidedmyfirstopportunitytowriteforpublication.Awriterherself

foroneoftheblacknewspapers,shesuggestedmynametotheeditorasa"youthcolumnist'1.Mycolumn,begun

whenIwasfourteen,wassupposedtocoverteenagesocialactivities-anditdid-butitalsogavemethefreedomto

writeonmanyothersubjectsaswellasthehabitofgatheringmaterial,thedisciplineofmeetingdeadlines,and,after

graduationfromcollegesixyearslater,asolidcollectionofpublishedmaterialthatcarriedmynameandwasmy

passporttoaseriesofwritingjobs.

TodayAuntMyrtleisstillanenthusiasticsupporterofher"favouriteniece".Likeadiamond,shehasreflecteda

bright,multifaceted（多面的）imageofpossibilitiestoeverypupilwhohascrossedherpath.

36.WhichofthefollowingdidAuntMyrtledototheauthorduringherchildhoodandyouth?

A.Shelenthersomeseriousclassics.

B.Shecultivatedhertasteformusic.

C.Shediscoveredhertalentfordancing.

D.Sheintroducedhertoadultplays.

37.WhatdoesArchy&MehitabelinParagraph3probablyreferto?

A.Abookofgreatfun.

B.Awriterofhighfame.

C.Aseriousmasterpiece.

D.Aheartbreakingplay.

38.AuntMyrtlerecommendedtheauthortoanewspapereditormainlyto.

A.develophercapabilitiesforwriting

B.giveherachancetocollectmaterial

C.involveherinteenagesocialactivities

D.offerheraseriesofwritingjobs

39.WecanconcludefromthepassagethatAuntMyrtlewasateacherwho.

A.trainedpupilstobediligentandwell-disciplined

B.gavepupilsconfidenceinexploitingtheirpotential

C.emphasizedwhatwaspracticalorpossibleforpupils

D.helpedpupilsovercomedifficultiesinlearning

【答案】36.D37.A38.A39.B

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了最能激勵作者的老師AuntMyrtleo她讓學生們有信念發(fā)掘他們的潛

力。

【36題詳解】

細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中Shetookmetothetheatre-notjustchildren'stheatrebutadultcomediesand

dramas-andherfaiththatIcouldappreciateadultplayswasnotdisappointed.可知,在她的童年和青年時期,Aunt

Myrtle把她介紹給成人戲劇。故選D。

【37題詳解】

詞義指代題。依據(jù)第三段中EvenasachildIhadastronglikingforhumour,andI'llneverforgetthejoyof

discoveringDonMarquis'sArchy&Mehitabelthroughher.即使在我還是個孩子的時候，我也很寵愛幽默，我

恒久也不會遺忘通過她發(fā)覺DonMarquis'sArchy&Mehitabel的樂趣。由此可知Archy&Mehitabel指代的

是“一本特別好玩的書“，故選Ao

【38題詳解】

推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段中Mostimportant,perhaps,AuntMyrtleprovidedmyfirstopportunitytowritefor

publication.Awriterherselfforoneoftheblacknewspapers,shesuggestedmynametotheeditorasa"youth

columnist”.可知，AuntMyrtle舉薦作者給一位報紙編輯，主要是為了發(fā)展她的寫作實力。故選A。

【39題詳解】

推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段TodayAuntMyrtleisstillanenthusiasticsupporterofher"favouriteniece".Likea

diamond,shehasreflectedabright,multifaceted（多面的）imageofpossibilitiestoeverypupilwhohascrossedher

path.可知，我們可以從這篇文章中總結(jié)出AuntMyrtle是一位老師，她讓學生們有信念發(fā)掘他們的潛力。故

選B。

【點睛】做推理推斷題時，要擅長抓住某一段話中的關鍵信息，即某些關鍵詞或短語去分析、推理、推斷，

利用逆向思維或正面推理，從而推斷出這句話所隱含的深層含義。本題第4小題，依據(jù)最終一段TodayAunt

Myrtleisstillanenthusiasticsupporterofher^favouriteniece1'.Likeadiamond,shehasreflectedabright,

multifaceted（多面的）imageofpossibilitiestoeverypupilwhohascrossedherpath.可知，我們可以從這篇文章

中總結(jié)出AumMyrlle是一位老師，她讓學生們有信念發(fā)掘他們的潛力。故選B

（B）

HumpbackWhales

Humpbackwhalesaresometimescalledperformersoftheocean.Thisisbecausetheycanmakeimpressive

movementswhentheydive.Thename“humpback"，whichisthecommonnameforthiswhale,referstothetypical

curveshapethewhale'sbackformsasitdives.

Sometimesthehumpbackwilldivewithafantasticmovementknownasabreach.Duringbreachingthewhale

usesitspowerfultailflukestoliftnearlytwo-thirdsofitsbodyoutofthewaterinagiantleap.Abreachmightalso

includeasidewaystwistwithfinsstretchedoutlikewings,asthewhalereachestheheightofthebreach.

Ahumpbackwhalebreathesairatthesurfaceofthewaterthroughtwoblowholeswhicharelocatednearthetop

ofthehead.ltblowsadoublestreamofwaterthatcanriseupto4metresabovethewater.

Thehumpbackhasasmalldorsalfinlocatedtowardsthetailflukesabouttwo-thirdsofthewaydownits

back.Otherdistinguishingfeaturesincludelargepectoralfins,whichmaybeuptoathirdofthebodylength,and

uniqueblackandwhitespotsontheundersideofthetailflukes.Thesemarkingsarelikefingerprints:notwoarethe

same.

Humpbackwhalesliveinlargegroups.Theycommunicatewitheachotherthroughcomplex"songs”.

QuickFacts

14m-18minlength;

Size:

30-50tonsinweight

LivingOpenoceanandshallowcoastlinewaters

EnvironmentFromwarmtropicalwaters,wheretheybreed,tocoldpolarwaters,

wheretheyeat

Diet:Shellfish,plantsandfishofsmallsize

Sometimesingroups,inwhichseveralwhalesformacircleunderthe

Hunting:water,blowingbubblesthatforma“net"aroundaschooloffish.Thefishare

thenforceduptothesurfaceinaconcentratedmass.

Endangered:itisestimatedthatthereareabout5000-7500humpback

Currentstate:

whalesworldwide

40.AccordingtoQuickFacts,ahumpbackwhale.

A.cannotsurviveinwatersneartheshore

B.doesn'tliveinthesamewatersallthetime

C.livesmainlyonunderwaterplants

D.preferstoworkalonewhenhuntingfood

41.Tomakeabreach,ahumpbackwhalemust.

A.useitstailflukestoleapoutofthewater

B.twistitsbodysidewaystojumphigh

C.blowtwostreamsofwater

D.communicatewithagroupofhumpbacks

42.Fromthepassagewecanlearnthatahumpbackwhale.

A.hasitsuniquemarkingsonitstailflukes

B.hasblackandwhitefingerprints

C.getsitsnamefromthewayithunts

D.isagreatperformerduetoitssongs

【答案】40.B41.A42.A

【解析】

本文是一篇說明文。Humpbackwhales有時被稱為海洋的表演者。文章介紹了它的生活習性。

【40題詳解】

推理推斷題。依據(jù)QuickFacts中Living：Openoceanandshallowcoastlinewaters可知,依據(jù)Quick

Facts,,humpbackwhale并不是始終生活在同一水域。故選B。

[41題詳解】

細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中Duringbreachingthewhaleusesitspowerfultailflukestoliftnearlytwo-thirdsof

itsbodyoutofthewaterinagiantleap.可知，為了打破這一缺口，humpbackwhales必需用它的尾鰭躍出水

面。故選A。

【42題詳解】

推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段中uniqueblackandwhitespotsontheundersideofthetailflukes可知從這篇文章中我

們可以了解到humpbackwhales在它的尾巴上有它獨特的標記。故選A。

(C)

Ifyoucouldbeanybodyintheworld,whowoulditbe?Yourneighbourorasuperstar?Afewpeoplehave

experiencedwhatitmightbeliketostepintotheskinofanotherperson,thankstoanunusualvirtualreality

device.RikkeWahl,anactress,modelandartist,wasoneoftheparticipantsinabodyswappingexperimentattheBe

Anotherlab,aprojectdevelopedbyagroupofartistsbasedinBarcelona.Sheswappedwithherpartner,anactor,

usingamachinecalledTheMachinetoBeAnotherandtemporarilybecameaman."Asilookeddown,Isawmy

wholebodyasaman,dressedinmypartner'spants,"shesaid."That'sthepictureIrememberbest."

Theset-upisrelativelysimple.Bothuserswearavirtualrealityheadsetwithacameraonthetop.The

videofromeachcameraissenttotheotherperson,sowhatyouseeistheexactviewofyourpartner.Ifshemovesher

arm,youseeit.Ifyoumoveyourarm,sheseesit.

Togetusedtoseeinganotherperson'sbodywithoutactuallyhavingcontrolofit,participantsstartbyraising

theirarmsandlegsveryslowly,sothattheothercanfollowalong.Eventually,thiskindofslowsynchronised(同

步的)movementbecomescomfortable,andparticipantsreallystarttofeelasthoughtheyarelivinginanother

person'sbody.

Usingsuchtechnologypromisestoalterpeople'sbehaviourafterwards-potentiallyforthebetter.Studies

haveshownthatvirtualrealitycanbeeffectiveinfightingracism-thebiasthathumanshaveagainstthosewhodon't

lookorsoundlikethem.ResearchersattheUniversityofBarcelonagavepeopleaquestionnairecalledthe

ImplicitAssociationTest,whichmeasuresthestrengthofpeople'sassociationsbetween,forinstance,blackpeople

andadjectivessuchasgood,bad,athleticorawkward.Thentheyaskedthemtocontrolthebodyofadarkskinned

digitalcharacterusingvirtualrealityglasses,beforetakingthetestagain.Thistime,theparticipants*biasscoreswere

lower.Theideaisthatonceyou've”putyourselfinanother9sshoes**you'relesslikelytothinkillofthem,because

yourbrainhasinternalisedthefeelingofbeingthatperson.

ThecreatorsofTheMachinetoBeAnotherhopetoachieveasimilarresult.nAttheendofbody

swapping,peoplefeellikeholdingeachotherintheirarmsJsaysArthurPointeau,aprogrammerwiththeproject.

"It'sareallynicewaytohavethiskindofexperience.Iwouldreally,reallyrecommendittoeveryone.H

43.Theword"swapping"(paragraph1)isclosestinmeaningto.

A.building

B.exchanging

C.controlling

D.transplanting

44.WecaninferfromtheexperimentattheBeAnotherlabthat.

A.ourfeelingsarerelatedtoourbodilyexperience

B.wecanlearntotakecontrolofotherpeople'sbodies

C.participantswilllivemorepassionatelyaftertheexperiment

D.TheMachinetoBeAnothercanhelppeoplechangetheirsexes

45.IntheImplicitAssociationTest,beforetheparticipantsusedvirtualrealityglassestocontroladark

skinneddigitalcharacter,.

A.theyfoughtstronglyagainstracism

B.theyscoredloweronthetestforracism

C.theychangedtheirbehaviourdramatically

D.theyweremorebiasedagainstthoseunlikethem

46.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.

A.technologyhelpspeoplerealizetheirdreams

B.ourbiasescouldbeeliminatedthroughexperiments

C.virtualrealityhelpspromot