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2013最佳教師金獎。編有《那些一生一世的單詞》、《新GRE閱讀理解與解析》、《新GREverbal160+必備詞匯》、《新托福110+必備詞匯》等。上校GRE課程理念先做，在考試時間內完成，并且全對。(短文章5分鐘看完做完，長文章10分鐘看完做完)做完后再分析，也就是你們看到的ppt分析整個過程會模擬實戰(zhàn)的時候的過程。讓考生體會我是如何看文章，如何做題的短文章處理方式具體that從句狀語(方式、結果、原因)例子、破折號區(qū)分抽象(主題)、具體(細節(jié))之間的關系抓住文章內部的“矛盾沖突”等對比關系。比如時間先后對比，難易對比，例如"simple","complex"詳讀主題，略讀細節(jié)Passage1物理學：論舞蹈動作的物理特性分析Analyzingthephysicsofdancecanaddfundamentallytoadancer’sskill.Although[讓步]dancersseldomseethemselvestotallyinphysicalterms—asbodymassmovingthroughspaceundertheinfluenceofwell-knownforcesandobeyingphysicallaws—neither[否定出現(xiàn)]cantheyaffordtoignorethephysicsofmovement.Forexample,nomatterhowmuchadancerwishestoleapoffthefloorandthenstartturning,thelawofconservationofangularmomentumabsolutelypreventssuchamovement.說同一意思，先讓步否定，然后再轉折回歸（重點）Somemovements[involvingprimarilyverticalorhorizontalmotionsofthebodyasawhole,inwhichrotationscanbeignored,條件]canbestudied[usingsimpleequationsoflinearmotioninthreedimensions.]However,rotationalmotionsrequiremorecomplexapproaches[thatinvolveanalysesofthewaythebody’smassisdistributed,theaxesofrotationinvolvedindifferenttypesofmovement,andthesourcesoftheforcesthatproducetherotationalmovement.]（抓抽象主體）（plex矛盾）（some–some否定）抓矛盾抓對比抓關系抓主體內涵，輕細節(jié)Passage1主題觀點的對比Analyzingthephysicsofdance

canaddfundamentallytoadancer’sskill.Althoughdancersseldomseethemselvestotallyinphysicalterms—asbodymassmovingthroughspaceundertheinfluenceofwell-knownforcesandobeyingphysicallaws—neithercantheyaffordtoignorethephysicsofmovement.Forexample,nomatterhowmuchadancerwishestoleapoffthefloorandthenstartturning,thelawofconservationofangularmomentumabsolutelypreventssuchamovement.Somemovements[involvingprimarilyverticalorhorizontalmotionsofthebodyasawhole,inwhichrotationscanbeignored,條件]canbestudied[usingsimpleequationsoflinearmotioninthreedimensions.]However,rotationalmotionsrequiremorecomplexapproaches[thatinvolveanalysesofthewaythebody’smassisdistributed,theaxesofrotationinvolvedindifferenttypesofmovement,andthesourcesoftheforcesthatproducetherotationalmovement.]（抓觀點對比）Remember：主題題要去掉細節(jié)，抓主干(主題)^^Analyzingthephysicsofdance

canadd..toadancer’sskill.Althoughdancersseldomseethemselves

totally

inphysicalterms..neither

cantheyaffordtoignorethephysicsofmovement.Forexample,..Somemovements

..anbestudied

..However,

rotationalmotionsrequiremorecomplex

approaches...1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto(A)initiateadebateovertwoapproachestoanalyzingafieldofstudy(B)describehowonefieldofknowledgecanbeappliedtoanotherfield(C)pointoutthecontradictionsbetweentwodistincttheories(D)defineandelaborateonanacceptedscientificprinciple(E)discusstheapplicationofanewtheorywithinanewsetting主旨題：抓所有內容的主題內涵；注意主旨題目的動詞和focus；主旨往往比較抽象，一般不會出現(xiàn)具體細節(jié)，只會出現(xiàn)generaltermsRemember：主題題要去掉細節(jié)，抓主干(主題)^^Analyzingthephysicsofdance

canadd..toadancer’sskill.Althoughdancersseldomseethemselves

totally

inphysicalterms..neither

cantheyaffordtoignorethephysicsofmovement.Forexample,..Somemovements

..anbestudied

..However,

rotationalmotionsrequiremorecomplex

approaches...1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto(A)initiateadebateovertwoapproachestoanalyzingafieldofstudy(B)describehowonefieldofknowledgecanbeappliedtoanotherfield(C)pointoutthecontradictionsbetweentwodistincttheories(D)defineandelaborateonanacceptedscientificprinciple(E)discusstheapplicationofanewtheorywithinanewsetting細節(jié)題，關鍵在定位。 EXCEPT題考點必在文章并列處?。?/p>

Forexample,nomatterhowmuchadancerwishestoleapoffthefloorandthenstartturning,the(A)lawofconservationofangularmomentumabsolutelypreventssuchamovement.(C)[usingsimpleequationsoflinearmotioninthreedimensions.][thatinvolveanalysesof

thewaythe(B)

body’smassisdistributed,theaxesofrotationinvolvedindifferenttypesofmovement,andthe(D)sourcesoftheforcesthatproducetherotationalmovement.2.Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingascontributingtoanunderstandingofthephysicsofdance

EXCEPT:(A)thelawofconservationofangularmomentum(B)analysesofthewayinwhichthebody’smassisdistributed(C)equationsoflinearmotioninthreedimensions(D)analysesofthesourcesthatproducerotationalmotions(E)thetechnicaltermsformovementssuchasleapsandturnsExcept細節(jié)題目，首先要注意的就是并列處；細節(jié)內容主要通過定位找對應，而不是深入理解；關鍵是細節(jié)的功能，和哪些general的主題有關，什么關系？細節(jié)題，關鍵在定位。 EXCEPT題考點必在文章并列處?。?/p>

Forexample,nomatterhowmuchadancerwishestoleapoffthefloorandthenstartturning,the(A)lawofconservationofangularmomentumabsolutelypreventssuchamovement.(C)[usingsimpleequationsoflinearmotioninthreedimensions.][thatinvolveanalysesof

thewaythe(B)

body’smassisdistributed,theaxesofrotationinvolvedindifferenttypesofmovement,andthe(D)sourcesoftheforcesthatproducetherotationalmovement.2.Theauthormentionsallofthefollowingascontributingtoanunderstandingofthephysicsofdance

EXCEPT:(A)thelawofconservationofangularmomentum(B)analysesofthewayinwhichthebody’smassisdistributed(C)equationsoflinearmotioninthreedimensions(D)analysesofthesourcesthatproducerotationalmotions(E)thetechnicaltermsformovementssuchasleapsandturnsPassage1物理學：論舞蹈動作的物理特性分析

neithercantheyaffordtoignorethephysicsofmovement.Forexample,nomatterhowmuchadancerwishestoleapoffthefloorandthenstartturning,thelawofconservationofangularmomentumabsolutelypreventssuchamovement.However,

rotationalmotionsrequiremorecomplex

approaches[thatinvolveanalysesof

thewaythebody’smassisdistributed,theaxesofrotationinvolvedindifferenttypesofmovement,andthesourcesoftheforcesthatproducetherotationalmovement.]3.Theauthorimpliesthatdancerscanemoreskilledbydoingwhichofthefollowing?(A)Ignoringrotationalmovements(B)Understandingtheforcesthatpermitvariousmovements(C)Solvingsimplelinearequations(D)Learningthetechnicaltermsutilizedbychoreographers(E)Circumventingthelawofconservationofangularmomentum虛擬語氣應該找缺陷wouldbemoreif；這里并非虛擬語氣，而是文章本身要表達的觀點；Passage1物理學：論舞蹈動作的物理特性分析

neithercantheyaffordtoignorethephysicsofmovement.Forexample,nomatterhowmuchadancerwishestoleapoffthefloorandthenstartturning,thelawofconservationofangularmomentumabsolutelypreventssuchamovement.However,

rotationalmotionsrequiremorecomplex

approaches[thatinvolveanalysesof

thewaythebody’smassisdistributed,theaxesofrotationinvolvedindifferenttypesofmovement,andthesourcesoftheforcesthatproducetherotationalmovement.]3.Theauthorimpliesthatdancerscanemoreskilledbydoingwhichofthefollowing?(A)Ignoringrotationalmovements(B)Understandingtheforcesthatpermitvariousmovements(C)Solvingsimplelinearequations(D)Learningthetechnicaltermsutilizedbychoreographers(E)Circumventingthelawofconservationofangularmomentum文中的對比點，經(jīng)常是必考點??！However,

rotationalmotions

requiremorecomplex

approaches[thatinvolveanalysesof

thewaythebody’smassisdistributed,theaxesofrotationinvolvedindifferenttypesofmovement,andthesourcesoftheforcesthatproducetherotationalmovement.]4.Analysisofwhichofthefollowingwouldrequirethekindofcomplexapproachdescribedinlines14-19?(A)Alongleapacrossspace(B)Ashortjumpupwardwithareturntothesameplace(C)Asustainedandcontrolledturninplace(D)Short,rapidstepsforwardandthenbackwardwithoutturning(E)Quicksidestepsinadiagonalline文中的對比點，經(jīng)常是必考點?。owever,

rotationalmotions

requiremorecomplex

approaches[thatinvolveanalysesof

thewaythebody’smassisdistributed,theaxesofrotationinvolvedindifferenttypesofmovement,andthesourcesoftheforcesthatproducetherotationalmovement.]4.Analysisofwhichofthefollowingwouldrequirethekindofcomplexapproachdescribedinlines14-19?(A)Alongleapacrossspace(B)Ashortjumpupwardwithareturntothesameplace(C)Asustainedandcontrolledturninplace(D)Short,rapidstepsforwardandthenbackwardwithoutturning(E)Quicksidestepsinadiagonalline韋氏大學字典的解析：rotational：onecompleteturn備考過程中，不經(jīng)常查韋氏大學字典，純陪考?。?！Passage2氣候學：云層系統(tǒng)時氣溫的影響Ifasupernova(theexplosionofamassivestar)triggeredstarformationfromdensecloudsofgasanddust,andifthemostmassivestartobeformedfromthecloudevolvedintoasupernovaandtriggeredanewroundofstarformation,andsoon,thenachainofstar-formingregionswouldresult.Ifmanysuchchainswerecreatedinadifferentiallyrotatinggalaxy,thedistributionofstarswouldresembletheobserveddistributioninaspiralgalaxy.Thislineofreasoningunderliesanexciting

newtheory

ofspiral-galaxystructure.Acomputersimulationbasedon

thistheory

hasreproducedtheappearanceofmanyspiralgalaxieswithoutassuminganunderlying【densitywave,thehallmarkofthemostwidelyacceptedtheoryofthelarge-scalestructureofspiralgalaxies.Thattheorymaintainsthatadensitywaveofspiralformsweepsthroughthecentralplaneofagalaxy,compressingcloudsofgasanddust,whichcollapseintostarsthatformaspiralpattern.】If..andif..If..thedistributionofstarswouldresembletheobserveddistributioninaspiralgalaxy.Thislineofreasoningunderliesanexciting

newtheory

ofspiral-galaxystructure....【densitywave,thehallmarkofthemostwidelyacceptedtheoryofthelarge-scalestructureofspiralgalaxies.Thattheory...】1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto(A)describewhatresultswhenasupernovatriggersthecreationofchainsofstar-formingregions(B)proposeamodificationinthemostwidelyacceptedtheoryofspiral-galaxystructure(C)compareandcontrasttherolesofcloudsofgasanddustintwotheoriesofspiral-galaxystructure(D)describeanewtheoryofspiral-galaxystructureandcontrastitwiththemostwidelyacceptedtheory(E)describeanewtheoryofspiral-galaxystructureanddiscussareasonwhyitisinferiortothemostwidelyacceptedtheoryRemember：主題題要去掉細節(jié)，抓主干(主題)^^If..andif..If..thedistributionofstarswouldresembletheobserveddistributioninaspiralgalaxy.Thislineofreasoningunderliesanexciting

newtheory

ofspiral-galaxystructure....【densitywave,thehallmarkofthemostwidelyacceptedtheoryofthelarge-scalestructureofspiralgalaxies.Thattheory...】1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto(A)describewhatresultswhenasupernovatriggersthecreationofchainsofstar-formingregions(B)proposeamodificationinthemostwidelyacceptedtheoryofspiral-galaxystructure(C)compareandcontrasttherolesofcloudsofgasanddustintwotheoriesofspiral-galaxystructure(D)describeanewtheoryofspiral-galaxystructureandcontrastitwiththemostwidelyacceptedtheory(E)describeanewtheoryofspiral-galaxystructureanddiscussareasonwhyitisinferiortothemostwidelyacceptedtheoryRemember：主題題要去掉細節(jié)，抓主干(主題)^^Ifasupernova(theexplosionofamassivestar)triggeredstarformationfromdensecloudsofgasanddust,andifthemostmassivestartobeformedfromthecloudevolvedintoasupernova

andtriggeredanewroundofstarformation,andsoon,thenachainofstar-formingregionswouldresult.Ifmanysuchchainswerecreatedina

differentiallyrotatinggalaxy,thedistributionofstarswouldresembletheobserveddistributioninaspiralgalaxy.2.Thepassageimpliesthat,accordingtothenewtheoryofspiral-galaxystructure,aspiralgalaxycanbecreatedbysupernovaswhenthesupernovasare[問條件，找哪里？](A)producinganunderlyingdensitywave(B)affectedbyadensitywaveofspiralform(C)distributedinaspiralpattern(D)locatedinthecentralplaneofagalaxy(E)locatedinadifferentiallyrotatinggalaxyPassage2氣候學：云層系統(tǒng)時氣溫的影響Ifasupernova(theexplosionofamassivestar)triggeredstarformationfromdensecloudsofgasanddust,andifthemostmassivestartobeformedfromthecloudevolvedintoasupernova

andtriggeredanewroundofstarformation,andsoon,thenachainofstar-formingregionswouldresult.Ifmanysuchchainswerecreatedina

differentiallyrotatinggalaxy,thedistributionofstarswouldresembletheobserveddistributioninaspiralgalaxy.2.Thepassageimpliesthat,accordingtothenewtheoryofspiral-galaxystructure,aspiralgalaxycanbecreatedbysupernovaswhenthesupernovasare[問條件，找哪里？](A)producinganunderlyingdensitywave(B)affectedbyadensitywaveofspiralform(C)distributedinaspiralpattern(D)locatedinthecentralplaneofagalaxy(E)locatedinadifferentiallyrotatinggalaxy先鎖定題目所問，定位--新觀點還是舊觀點？Ifasupernova(theexplosionofamassivestar)triggeredstarformationfromdensecloudsofgasanddust,andifthemostmassivestartobeformedfromthecloudevolvedintoasupernova

andtriggeredanewroundofstarformation,andsoon,thenachainofstar-formingregionswouldresult.Ifmanysuchchainswerecreatedina

differentiallyrotatinggalaxy,thedistributionofstarswouldresembletheobserveddistributioninaspiralgalaxy.Thislineofreasoningunderliesanexciting

newtheory

ofspiral-galaxystructure.Acomputersimulationbasedon

thistheory

hasreproducedtheappearanceofmanyspiralgalaxieswithoutassuminganunderlying..3.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostdiscreditthenewtheoryasdescribedinthepassage?(A)Theexactmechanismbywhichastaresasupernovaisnotyetcompletelyknownandmayevendifferfordifferentstars.(B)Chainsofstar-formingregionslikethosepostulatedinthenewtheoryhavebeenobservedinthevicinityofdensecloudsofgasanddust.(C)Themostmassivestarsformedfromsupernovaexplosionsareunlikelytoevolveintosupernovas.(D)Computersimulationsofsupernovasprovideapoorpictureofwhatoccursjustbeforeasupernovaexplosion.(E)Adensitywavecannotcompresscloudsofgasanddusttoadensityhighenoughtocreateastar.邏輯題目秒殺口訣：與原文一致，support；相反，wenken/discreditIfasupernova(theexplosionofamassivestar)triggeredstarformationfromdensecloudsofgasanddust,andifthemostmassivestartobeformedfromthecloudevolvedintoasupernova

andtriggeredanewroundofstarformation,andsoon,thenachainofstar-formingregionswouldresult.Ifmanysuchchainswerecreatedina

differentiallyrotatinggalaxy,thedistributionofstarswouldresembletheobserveddistributioninaspiralgalaxy.Thislineofreasoningunderliesanexciting

newtheory

ofspiral-galaxystructure.Acomputersimulationbasedon

thistheory

hasreproducedtheappearanceofmanyspiralgalaxieswithoutassuminganunderlying..3.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostdiscreditthenewtheoryasdescribedinthepassage?(A)Theexactmechanismbywhichastaresasupernovaisnotyetcompletelyknownandmayevendifferfordifferentstars.(B)Chainsofstar-formingregionslikethosepostulatedinthenewtheoryhavebeenobservedinthevicinityofdensecloudsofgasanddust.(C)Themostmassivestarsformedfromsupernovaexplosionsareunlikelytoevolveintosupernovas.(D)Computersimulationsofsupernovasprovideapoorpictureofwhatoccursjustbeforeasupernovaexplosion.(E)Adensitywavecannotcompresscloudsofgasanddusttoadensityhighenoughtocreateastar.邏輯題目秒殺口訣：與原文一致，support；相反，wenken/discreditThislineofreasoningunderliesan

exciting

newtheory

ofspiral-galaxystructure....4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthenewtheoryofspiral-galaxystructurecanbestbedescribedas(A)euphoric(B)enthusiastic(C)concerned(D)critical(E)disputatious態(tài)度題，考前千萬要對選項熟悉?。?！Passage3歷史學：第十四條修正案產(chǎn)生的歷史背景及其實施第一段

//TheFourteenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution,ratifiedin1868,prohibitsstategovernmentsfromdenyingcitizensthe“equalprotectionofthelaws.”//

Althoughpreciselywhattheframersoftheamendmentmeantbythisequalprotectionclause

remainsunclear,allinterpretersagreethattheframers’immediateobjectivewastoprovideaconstitutionalwarrantfortheCivilRightsActof1866,whichguaranteedthecitizenshipofallpersonsbornintheUnitedStatesandsubjecttoUnitedStatesjurisdiction.Thisdeclaration,whichwasechoedinthetextoftheFourteenthAmendment,wasdesignedprimarilytocountertheSupremeCourt’sruling

inDredScottv.SandfordthatBlackpeopleintheUnitedStatescouldbedeniedcitizenship.

Theact

wasvetoedbyPresidentAndrewJohnson,whoarguedthattheThirteenthAmendment,whichabolishedslavery,didnotprovideCongresswiththeauthoritytoextendcitizenshipandequalprotectiontothefreedslaves.AlthoughCongresspromptlyoverrodeJohnson’sveto,supportersoftheactsoughttoensureitsconstitutionalfoundationswiththepassageoftheFourteenthAmendment.1Thisdeclaration[Act]..tocounter..DredScottv.Sandford2theCivilRightsActof18663TheFourteenthAmendment

...in18683Theact

wasvetoedbyPresidentAndrewJohnsonPassage3歷史學：第十四條修正案產(chǎn)生的歷史背景及其實施第二段

ThebroadlanguageoftheamendmentstronglysuggeststhatitsframerswereproposingtowriteintotheConstitutionnotalaundrylistofspecificcivilrightsbutaprincipleofequalcitizenshipthatforbidsorganizedsocietyfromtreatinganyindividualasamemberofaninferiorclass.Yetforthefirsteightdecadesoftheamendment’sexistence,theSupremeCourt’sinterpretationoftheamendmentbetrayedthisidealofequality.IntheCivilRightsCasesof1883,forexample,theCourtinventedthe“stateaction”limitation,whichassertsthat“private”decisionsbyownersofpublicmodationsandothercommercialbusinessestosegregatetheirfacilitiesareinsulatedfromthereachoftheFourteenthAmendment’sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.記得，結構最重要?。‘斂吹絝irst第二步馬上找second第三段

AftertheSecondWorldWar,

ajudicialclimatemorehospitabletoequalprotectionclaimsculminated

intheSupremeCourt’srulinginBrownv.BoardofEducationthatraciallysegregatedschoolsviolatedtheequalprotectionclauseoftheFourteenthAmendment.TwodoctrinesembracedbytheSupremeCourtduringthisperiod

extendedtheamendment’sreach.First,theCourtrequiredespeciallystrictscrutinyoflegislationthatemployeda“suspectclassification,”

meaningdiscriminationagainstagroupongroundsthatcouldbeconstruedasracial.

ThisdoctrinehasbroadenedtheapplicationoftheFourteenthAmendmenttoother,nonracialforms

ofdiscrimination,forwhilesomejusticeshaverefusedtofindanylegislativeclassificationotherthanracetobeconstitutionallydisfavored,mosthavebeenreceptivetoargumentsthatatleastsomenonracialdiscriminations,sexualdiscriminationinparticular,are“suspect”anddeservethisheightenedscrutinybythecourts.Second,theCourtrelaxedthestateactionlimitationontheFourteenthAmendment,bringingnewformsofprivateconductwithintheamendment’sreach.[biring...表示relaxed...的結果！]第一段

//TheFourteenthAmendment

prohibitsstategovernmentsfromdenyingcitizensthe“equalprotectionofthelaws.”//

Althoughpreciselywhattheframersmeant

remainsunclear,allagreethattheobjectivewastoprovideaconstitutionalwarrantfortheCivilRightsActof1866.Thisdeclaration,wasdesigned

tocountertheSupremeCourt’sruling

Theact

wasvetoedbyPresidentAndrewJohnson,

AlthoughCongresspromptlyoverrodeJohnson’sveto,supportersoftheactsoughttoensureitsconstitutionalfoundationswiththepassageoftheFourteenthAmendment.第二段

ThebroadlanguageoftheamendmentstronglysuggeststhatitsframerswereproposingtowriteintotheConstitutionnotalaundrylistofspecificcivilrightsbut

aprincipleofequalcitizenship

Yet

,theSupremeCourt’sinterpretationoftheamendmentbetrayedthisideal.第三段

AftertheSecondWorldWar,

ajudicialclimatemorehospitabletoequalprotectionclaimsculminatedinSupremeCourt’s.

TwodoctrinesembracedbytheSupremeCourt

extendedtheamendment’sreach.First,theCourtrequiredespeciallystrictscrutinyoflegislationthatemployeda“suspectclassification,”

Second,theCourtrelaxedthestateactionlimitationontheFourteenthAmendment...1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?(A)Bypresentingalistofspecificrights,framersofthe

FourteenthAmendmentwereattemptingtoprovideaconstitutionalbasisforbroadjudicialprotectionoftheprincipleofequalcitizenship.(B)OnlyaftertheSupremeCourtadoptedthesuspectclassificationapproachtoreviewingpotentiallydiscriminatorylegislationwastheapplicabilityofthe

FourteenthAmendmentextendedtoincludesexualdiscrimination.(C)NotuntilaftertheSecondWorldWardidtheSupremeCourtbegintointerpretthe

FourteenthAmendmentinamannerconsistentwiththeprincipleofequalcitizenship

thatitexpresses.(D)InterpretersoftheFourteenthAmendmenthaveyettoreachconsensuswithregardtowhatitsframersmeantbytheequalprotectionclause.(E)AlthoughthereluctanceofjudgestoextendthereachoftheFourteenthAmendmenttononracialdiscriminationhasbetrayedtheprincipleofequalcitizenship,theSupremeCourt’suseofthestateactionlimitationtoinsulateprivateactivityfromtheamendment’sreachhasbeenmoreharmful.Remember：主題題要去掉細節(jié)，抓主干(主題)^^1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?(A)Bypresentingalistofspecificrights,framersofthe

FourteenthAmendmentwereattemptingtoprovideaconstitutionalbasisforbroadjudicialprotectionoftheprincipleofequalcitizenship.(B)OnlyaftertheSupremeCourtadoptedthesuspectclassificationapproachtoreviewingpotentiallydiscriminatorylegislationwastheapplicabilityofthe

FourteenthAmendmentextendedtoincludesexualdiscrimination.(C)NotuntilaftertheSecondWorldWardidtheSupremeCourtbegintointerpretthe

FourteenthAmendmentinamannerconsistentwiththeprincipleofequalcitizenship

thatitexpresses.(D)InterpretersoftheFourteenthAmendmenthaveyettoreachconsensuswithregardtowhatitsframersmeantbytheequalprotectionclause.(E)AlthoughthereluctanceofjudgestoextendthereachoftheFourteenthAmendmenttononracialdiscriminationhasbetrayedtheprincipleofequalcitizenship,theSupremeCourt’suseofthestateactionlimitationtoinsulateprivateactivityfromtheamendment’sreachhasbeenmoreharmful.Remember：主題題要去掉細節(jié)，抓主干(主題)^^thatforbidsorganizedsocietyfromtreatinganyindividualasamemberofaninferiorclass.Yetforthefirsteightdecadesoftheamendment’sexistence,theSupremeCourt’sinterpretationoftheamendmentbetrayedthisidealofequality.IntheCivilRightsCasesof1883,forexample,theCourtinventedthe“stateaction”limitation,whichassertsthat“private”decisionsbyownersofpublicmodationsandothercommercialbusinessestosegregatetheirfacilitiesareinsulatedfromthereachoftheFourteenthAmendment’sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.2.Thepassagesuggeststhattheprincipaleffectofthestateactionlimitationwasto(A)allowsomediscriminatorypracticestocontinueunimpededbytheFourteenthAmendment(B)influencetheSupremeCourt’srulinginBrownv,BoardofEducation(C)provideexpandedguidelinesdescribingprohibitedactions(D)prohibitstatesfromenactinglawsthatviolatedtheintentoftheCivilRightsActof1866(E)shifttostategovernmentstheresponsibilityforenforcementoflawsprohibitingdiscriminatorypractices細節(jié)題在于快速定位?。『笸x改寫thatforbidsorganizedsocietyfromtreatinganyindividualasamemberofaninferiorclass.Yetforthefirsteightdecadesoftheamendment’sexistence,theSupremeCourt’sinterpretationoftheamendmentbetrayedthisidealofequality.IntheCivilRightsCasesof1883,forexample,theCourtinventedthe“stateaction”limitation,whichassertsthat“private”decisionsbyownersofpublicmodationsandothercommercialbusinessestosegregatetheirfacilitiesareinsulatedfromthereachoftheFourteenthAmendment’sguaranteeofequalprotectionunderthelaw.2.Thepassagesuggeststhattheprincipaleffectofthestateactionlimitationwasto(A)allowsomediscriminatorypracticestocontinueunimpededbytheFourteenthAmendment(B)influencetheSupremeCourt’srulinginBrownv,BoardofEducation(C)provideexpandedguidelinesdescribingprohibitedactions(D)prohibitstatesfromenactinglawsthatviolatedtheintentoftheCivilRightsActof1866(E)shifttostategovernmentstheresponsibilityforenforcementoflawsprohibitingdiscriminatorypractices細節(jié)題在于快速定位??！后同義改寫==

TheFourteenthAmendment

prohibitsstategovernmentsfromdenyingcitizensthe“equalprotectionofthelaws.”//

Althoughpreciselywhattheframersmeant

remainsunclear,allagreethattheobjectivewastoprovideaconstitutionalwarrantfortheCivilRightsActof1866.Thisdeclaration,wasdesigned

tocountertheSupremeCourt’sruling

Theact

wasvetoedbyPresident