2023年人教版中考英語定語從句語法知識點和練習

定語從句一、定語從句的概念Ihaveabeautifulsister.Ihaveasisterwhoisbeautiful.Shelikesfriendlyteachers.Shelikesteacherswhoarefriendly.Passmethepenoverthere. Passmethepenwhichisoverthere.在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面。二、定語從句的關系詞引導定語從句的關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞，常見的關系代詞包括that，which，who（賓格whom，所有格whose）等，關系副詞包括where，when，why等。關系代詞和關系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用，同時又作定語從句的重要成分。詳情見表：關系代詞指代在定語從句中的作用that既指人也指物主語、賓語which指物主語、賓語who指人主語whom指人賓語whose既指人也指物定語三、關系代詞的用法1.that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：先行詞是人：Heisthemanthatlivesnextdoor.他就是那個住在隔壁的人。(that作主語）Theman(that)wesawjustnowisafamouswriter.我們剛才看到的那個人是一位著名的作家。(that作賓語）先行詞是物：Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。（that作主語）Thecoat（that）Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。（that作賓語）2.which用于指物，在句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。（作主語）Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。（作賓語）3.who，whom用于指人，who用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.經(jīng)常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。（作主語）Whoistheteacher（whom）LiMingistalkingto？正在與李明談話的老師是誰？（作賓語）4.whose，先行詞既可以是人，也可以是物，whose用作定語。例如：Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek.（先行詞是人，whose作定語）Theycametothehousewhosewindowshadbeenbroken.（先行詞是物，whose作定語）注意：當先行詞是物時，which和that可互換，但下列情況只能用that：a.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一個通過考試的人。b.被修飾的先行詞為all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，theone等不定代詞時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop？你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？c.先行詞被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast，little，few等詞修飾時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.這就是我丟的那輛自行車。d.先行詞里同時含有人和物時，只能用that。例如：IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。四、關系副詞的用法1.先行詞是時間whenwhen指時間，在從句中作時間狀語，它的先行詞通常有：time,day,morning,night,week,year等。例如：IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirstbecameacollegestudent.DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasborn.IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstmetyou.2.先行詞是地點where.where指地點，在從句中作地點狀語。它的先行詞通常有：place,spot,street,house,room,city,town,country等。例如：Thisisthehotelwheretheyarestaying.IforgetthehousewheretheSmithslived.先行詞是原因why.why指原因或理由，它的先行詞只有reason。例如：Thatisthereasonwhyheisleavingsosoon.定語從句專項練習一.單項填空1.Whoistheman_______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?Oh!It’sMr.Baker,ourmathsteacher.A.he B.that C.whom D.which2.Ihatethepeople________don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.A.who B.which C.they D.where3.Theforeigner________visitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.which B.when C.who D.whom4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.A.who B.whom C.he D.which5.Thisistheplace_____Ihaveevervisited.A.there B.when C.where D.which6.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tetothemeeting.A.that B.which C.why D.when7.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.A.that B.which C.where D.why8.Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.A.when B.where C.that D.which9.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.A.when B.where C.that D.onwhich10.Mr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.who B.that C.whose D.which11.Hegottothevillage_______hisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation.A.that B.which C.when D.where12.Thisisthehouse_______Iwanttobuy.A.inwhich B.that C.whose D.where13.Thisisthehouse_______ourbelovedPremierZhouoncelivedandworked.A.which B.that C.when D.where14.Hedidn’ttellmetheplace_______hewasborn.A.that B.which C.when D.where15.Helivedinasmallvillage,______wasalongwayfromtherailwaystation.16. Isthereanyonehere

nameisBetty? Sorry,Idon'tknow. A.who B.which C.whom D.whose17. Oneofthemostdeliciousdrinks

Ilikeisorangejuice. A.which B.that C.whose D.whom18. Thisisthedictionary

Mumgavemeformybirthday. A.which B.what C.whose D.whom19. Tony,tellmetheresultofthediscussion

youhadwithyourdadyesterday. A.what B.which C.when D.who20.OneofthemostinterestingplacesinYangzhou

areoftenvisitedbyforeignersistheWestSlenderLake. A.what B.who C.that D./21. Thestory

Ireadinthenewspaperwasaboutamonproblemamongteenagers. A.whose B.who C.that D.where22.Don'tthrowawaypensanderasers

youhaven'tusedup. A.where B.which C.who D.what23.I'llneverforgetthelesson

lastyear. A.thatIlearnB.thatIlearnedC.whatIlearnD.whatIlearned24.Ican'tfindthebook

mymotherboughtme. A.who B.when C.which D.what25. I'vefoundsomepicturesofthemostinterestingplaces

youcanvisitduringthewinterholidays. A.where B.which C.what D.that26. LiMeiisthestudent

handwritingisthebestinourclass. A.whose B.whom C.who D.that27. Doyouknowthegirl

yoursisteroftenlooksafter? Sorry,Idon'tknowher. A.whose B.what C.which D.whom28. Istillrememberthetime

wespenttogetheratXisaiMountainlastyear. A.when B.what C.who D.which29. Thefirstthing

mybrotherisgoingtodothisafternoonistowritealetter. A.which B.that C.why D.who30. Doyoustillrememberthemovie

wesawlastweekend? A.who B.what C.that D.whom二、選詞填空(單句選詞填空)1.Theboy(which/who)washereaminuteagoismyyoungerbrother.2.Theboy

(who/whose)iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.3.BeijingHotel

(that/where)theforeignvisitorsliveisnearTian'anmenSquare.4.Theoldman(whom/that)teacheschemistryinacollegeisaprofessor.5.I'llneverforgetthedays(when/that)IjoinedtheLeague.6.Thehouse

(that/where)weliveinisverybig.7.Isthistheplace

(what/where)yourfatheroncelived?8.Doyouknowtheperson(whom/who)losthisbike?9.Thisisthehall(which/where)welistenedtothereporttheotherday.10.Thewoman

(what/whom)youweretalkingaboutisherenow.三、翻譯(根據(jù)中文提示完成句子)1.我喜歡去天氣總是很涼爽的地方旅游。（詞數(shù)不限）Ilovetotraveltotheplace

.2.Ilikeasinger

(自己做曲的).(who)3.他已經(jīng)參觀了他的祖先居住的地方。He'salreadyvisited

hisancestorsli