Unit 1 動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語、定語（學(xué)案）-高中英語人教版（2019）必修第三冊(cè)

Unit1動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語、定語【目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航】知識(shí)目標(biāo)：掌握本單元重點(diǎn)語法—?jiǎng)釉~-ing形式作表語、定語的用法；重點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語、定語的基本用法；難點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語、定語的靈活運(yùn)用。能力目標(biāo)：提高學(xué)生對(duì)語法知識(shí)的綜合運(yùn)用能力及寫作能力?！緩?fù)習(xí)鞏固】I.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換1._________vt.向(某人)道賀；(因某事)為自己感到自豪→_________n.祝賀；恭喜2._________n.宗教；宗教信仰→_________adj.宗教的；篤信宗教的3._________n.高興；喜悅→_________adj.高興的；快樂的4._________n.農(nóng)業(yè)；農(nóng)藝→_________adj.農(nóng)業(yè)(勞動(dòng)/生產(chǎn))5._________vt.裝飾；裝潢→________n.裝飾；裝飾物6.________adj.有重大意義的；顯著的→________n.意義；重要性

7._________adj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的→_________adv.典型地；有代表性地8._________adj.商業(yè)(化)的；以獲利為目的的→_________vt.使商業(yè)化；利用……牟利→________n.商業(yè)化9._________vt.顯示；反映；反射→_________n.深思；反映10._________v.相信；認(rèn)為→_________adj.可相信的；可信任的→_________n.信仰；信心；信任→_________n.不信；懷疑；疑惑II.單句語法填空1.I’dliketo_________(congratulation)myfriendwhohasmadeit.2.Therewere120studentswhoseagesrangedfrom10_________18.3.He’sdeeply_________(religion)andgoestochurchtwiceaweek.4.Thenumberofpeopleemployedin_________(agricultural)hasfalleninthelastdecade.5.We’reavery_________(joy)peopleandwelovemusic.6.WhenIwasakid,SpringFestivalwasallaboutfirecrackers,sweetsand_________(decorate).7.Itis_________(significance)thatgirlsgenerallydobetterinexaminationsthanboys.8.Inspite_________hisage,hestillleadsanactivelife.9.Trytotakeadvantage_________everyopportunitythatcomesyourway.10.Itismy_________(believe)thatwewillfindacureforcancerinthenexttenyears.11.IfoundIhadalot_________commonwiththesepeople.12.Hermotherwas_________(please)thatshechoseacollegeclosetohome.【重點(diǎn)語法】動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語和表語動(dòng)詞-ing形式由“動(dòng)詞原形+ing”構(gòu)成?？稍诰渲凶髦髡Z、賓語、表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語,但不能單獨(dú)作謂語。

Ⅰ.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語作表語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞。1．現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，往往具有形容詞的性質(zhì)，說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征等。(1)Theargumentisveryconvincing.(2)Heremainedstandingbesidethetable.【注意】:作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞，許多是由能夠表示人們某種感情或情緒的動(dòng)詞變化而來的。常見的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing...，這類分詞有“令人……的”的含義，常修飾物。2．動(dòng)名詞作表語多表示抽象性的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，一般說明主語的內(nèi)容。(1)Myjobisdeliveringmilkfromdoortodooreverymorning.(2)Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.3.動(dòng)名詞（短語）作表語與動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作表語的區(qū)別動(dòng)名詞（短語）作表語表示一般性的動(dòng)作；動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作表語表示一次具體的動(dòng)作或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的事。（1）Hishobbyispainting.（一般性的動(dòng)作）（2）Todaywhathewantstodoistopaint.（具體的動(dòng)作）（3）Hiswishistobecomeanartist.（將要發(fā)生的事）Ⅱ.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞都可以作定語，但有所區(qū)別。1．動(dòng)名詞作定語表示被修飾詞的某種性能或用途，多用作前置定語，相當(dāng)于for引導(dǎo)的介詞短語。afishingnet(sanetforfishing)漁網(wǎng)awalkingstick(=astickforwalking)拐棍areadingroom(=aroomforreading)閱覽室alivingroom(=aroomforliving)起居室,客廳awritingdesk(=adeskforwriting)書桌Shetrainedfivetimesaweekatherlocalswimmingpool.她每周在當(dāng)?shù)氐挠斡境赜?xùn)練五次。Nooneisallowedtospeakaloudinthereadingroom.閱覽室里任何人不得大聲說話。

2．現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)，它和被修飾詞之間有邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示所修飾詞進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。當(dāng)單個(gè)的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)，放在被修飾的詞前；如果是分詞短語作定語，則放在被修飾的詞后。boilingwater開水a(chǎn)barkingdog狂吠的狗adevelopingcountry一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家Don'twakeupthesleepingchild不要吵醒那個(gè)正在睡覺的孩子。Phoebereceivedane-mailtheotherdaysayingherunclewascomingtovisither.菲比前幾天收到一封電子郵件,說她叔叔要來看她。

現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。比如：（1）Thereisasleepingboy.(=Thereisaboywhoissleeping.)（2）Theboyplayingfootballontheplaygroundismyyoungerbrother.＝Theboythat/whoisplayingfootballontheplaygroundismyyoungerbrother.【注意】:現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞和不定式作定語的一般區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或主動(dòng)含義；過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成意義；不定式表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。beingdone則表示被動(dòng)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；tobedone則表示被動(dòng)動(dòng)作將要進(jìn)行。（1）Youshouldadapttothechangingsituation.(表示正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作)（2）Thegroundiscoveredwithfallenleaves.(表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作)（3）I'mlookingforaroomtolivein.(表示將要發(fā)生的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作)（4）Theshowbeingperformednowisveryinteresting.(表示正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作)（5）Theproblemtobediscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.(表示將要發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作)3.形容詞化的doing形式作定語,相當(dāng)于形容詞,表示中心詞的性質(zhì),意為“令人……的”;形容詞化的done形式作定語,常表示“感到……的”。試比較anexcitingstory令人興奮的故事;anexcitedvoice興奮的聲音apuzzlingquestion令人困惑的問題;apuzzledexpression困惑的表情

【達(dá)標(biāo)反饋】Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)選擇1.

Tell

Mary

that

there’s

someone

____

for

her

at

the

door.

A.

waiting

B.

waited

C.

waits

D.

to

wait

2.

The

_______

waiter

came

up

to

us

and

said,

“You

are

welcome.”

A.

smiling

B.

smiled

C.

smile

D.

to

smile

3.

Do

you

know

the

boy

_______

under

the

big

tree?

A.

lay

B

.

lain

C.

laying

D.

lying

4.

There

are

lots

of

places

of

interest

_______

in

our

city.

A.

needs

repairing

B.

needing

repaired

C.

needed

repairing

D.

needing

to

be

repaired

5.

The

drunken

husband

knocked

against

the

table

and

sent

the

bowls

_______

in

all

directions

before

he

was

sent

_______

by

his

wife.

A.

flying;

to

sleep

B.

flying;

sleeping

C.

to

fly;

to

sleeping

D.

to

fly;

to

sleep

Ⅱ.單句語法填空1.

The

man

(work)

for

extra

hours

got

an

extra

pay.

2.

I

was

told

that

there

were

about

50

foreign

students

(study)

Chinese

in

the

school,

most

of

whom

were

from

Germany.

3.

The

question

(discuss)

at

present

has

something

important

to

do

with

our

daily

life.

4.Dr.Yuan'shobbiesare_______(read)，_______(listen)tomusicandsoon.5．Hepromisedthathewouldn'tbecaught________(do)thatagain.6．Canyousmellanything________(burn)?7．Anybody________(fish)inthisriverwillbefined.8．Peopleinthisareaneedmuch________(drink)water.9.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe______________(remain)20dollars.10.Whenwegothome,wefoundthelamp____________(burn)withthedoor_____________(shut).Ⅲ.完成句子1．他的工作很無趣，但是他需要依靠它來養(yǎng)活自己。_________________________________，buthehastodependonittosupporthimself.2．我注意到有人溜進(jìn)了房間。Inoticedsomebody______________________________________________________.3．他們正在閱覽室里等著我們。Theyarewaitingforus___________________________________________________.4．正在討論的這個(gè)話題已引起了一些專家的注意。Thetopic__________________________________hasdrawnsomeexperts'attention.5．這朵花看起來很迷人。Theflower____________________________________________________________Ⅳ.語法填空TheotherdayIfinishedmyhomeworkandwentout_____________(play).Thereweremanypeople_____________(walk)inthestreet.SuddenlyIthoughtofagoodidea:Iwouldactasickpersonwitha_____________(walk)sticktomakefoolofothers.Coincidently,Marywasjust_____________(wait)forsomebodythere.Whenshesawme,sheaskedwhatwasthematterwithmeandthenburstout____________(laugh).Shetoldmeshewenttoseethemuseum___________(build).Onthewayshesawmanypoorpeople____________(sleep)inthestreetand___________(beg)forfood.Iwasastonished______________(hear)that.Atlast,wedecided__________________(help)them.Unit1導(dǎo)4答案【復(fù)習(xí)鞏固】I.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換1.congratulate；congratulation

2.religion；religious

3.joy；joyful

4.agriculture；agricultural

5.decorate；decoration

6.significant