職稱英語歷年考試?yán)砉ゎ怉級試題及答案(附詳細(xì)講解)

2003年職稱英語考試?yán)砉ゎ怉級試題及答案

第一部分：詞匯選項（第1一15題，每題】分，共15分）

卜.面共有15個句子，每個句子中均有1個詞或短語畫有底橫線，請從每個句子后面所給的4個選項中選擇1個與畫線部分意義最相近的詞或

短語。答案一律涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

1.Theunionrepresentative（工會代表）putacrossherargumentveryeffectively.

Aexplained（解釋、說明）Binvented

CconsideredDaccepted

2.Hetalkstoughbuthasatender（溫柔的）heart.（他口硬心軟）

AheavyBstrong

Ckind（善意的,友好的）Dwild

3.Itisnouse（沒有必要）debating（辯論、令論）therelativemerits（優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)）ofthispolicy（政策、措施）.

AmakingBtaking

Cdiscussing（討論I）expecting

4.Ourstatistics（統(tǒng)計）show顯示、表明that.weconsume（消費(fèi)）allthatwearecapable。/pro血（能夠生產(chǎn)）.

AwasteBbuy

CuseDsell

5.Thefueltanks（油箱）hadacapacityof140liters.（這個油箱的容量是140公升）

Afunction（功能）Bability能力

Cpower能力Dvolume；止、體積

6.Ourlivesareiniimalely密切地boundupwith與...密切聯(lián)系theirs.（我們的生活和他們的息息相美）

AtenselyBnearly

CcarefullyDclosely緊密地

7.Herfaithupheld支持herintimesofsadness悲傷的時期（她的信仰支撐她度過了悲傷的時期）.

Asupported支持Bexcited

CinspiredDdirected

8.Thebookprovidesaconcise簡潔的、簡明的analysisofthecountry,shistory.（這本書對國家的歷史進(jìn)行了簡潔的分析）

AcleanBperfect

CrealDbrief

9.Itislaiddown主張、聲明intheregulations在法規(guī)中thatal1membersmustcarrytheirmembershipcardsatalltimes.

＜法規(guī)中規(guī)定所有成員必須隨身攜帶他們的會員ill:）

AsuggestedBwarned

Cstated陳述、規(guī)定Dconfirmed確認(rèn)

10.Thecouncilmeetingterminaled結(jié)束at2o'clock.

Abegan開始Bcontinued繼續(xù)

CendedDresumed繼續(xù)

11.Redflagwasplacedthereasalokenof作為....的標(biāo)志danger.（紅族作為危險標(biāo)志被安置在那里。）

Asign標(biāo)志Bsubstitute代用品

Cproof證明Dtarget目標(biāo)

12.Howeverbadthesituationis,themajorityisunwilling不情愿toriskchange（無論情況如何壞，大部分人還是不情愿冒險去

改變.）

Areluctant不情愿Beager渴望

Cpleased樂意Dangry生氣

13.IthasbeensaidthattheActsprovidedanewcourseofactionanddidnotmerelyregulate調(diào)行、規(guī)定orenlargeanold

one.

Alimit限制、限定Bcontrol控制、管理

Creplace取代Doffset抵消

14.Thesecretaryisexpectedtoexplore探索、探討ideasforpost-warreconstructionofthearea戰(zhàn)后區(qū)域的重建.

Adeny否定Binvestigate調(diào)行、研究

Cstress強(qiáng)調(diào)Dcreate創(chuàng)造

15.Thesleadily穩(wěn)步地、穩(wěn)定地risingcostoflabor人工成本onthewaterfroni海濱、碼頭hasgreatlyincreased增加theco

stofshippingcargobywater水運(yùn)貨物的成本.

Agradually逐步地Bsuddenly

CexcessivelyDexceptionally

第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16—22題，每題1分，共7分）

閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷。如果該句提供的是iE確信息，請在答題卡上把A涂黑：

如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請在答題卡上把B涂黑；如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及，請在答題卡上把C涂黑。

ADolphinandanAstronomer

Onedayin1963,adolphinnamedElvarandafamousastronomer,CarlSagan,wereplayingalittlegame.Theastronomerwas

visitinganinstitutewhichwaslookingintothewaydolphinscommunicatewitheachother.Saganwasstandingontheedgeof

oneofthetankswhereseveralofthesefriendly,highlyintelligentcreatureswerekept.Elvarhadjustswumupalongsidehim

andhadturnedonhisback.

ThedolphinwantedSagantoscratchhisstomachagain,astheastronomerhaddonetwicebefore.ElvarlookedupatSagan,

waiting.Then,afteraminuteorso,thedolphinleaptupthroughthewaterandmadeasoundjust1iketheword"more”.The

astonishedastronomerwenttothedirectoroftheinstituteandtoldhimabouttheincident.'Oh,yes.That,soneofthewor

dsheknows,'thedirectorsaid,showingnosurpriseatal1.

Dolphinshavebiggerbraininproportiontotheirbodysizethanhumanshave,andithasbeenknownforalongtimethatt

heycanmakeanumberofsounds.Whatismore,thesesoundsseemtohavedifferentfunctions,suchaswarningeachotherofda

nger.Soundtravelsmuchfasterandmuchfurtherinwaterthanitdoesinair.Thatiswhythepartsofthebrainthatdealwi

thsoundaremuchbetterdevelopedindolphinthaninhumans.Butcanitbesaidthatdolphinshavea'language',intherea

1senseoftheword?Scientistsdon'tagreeonthis.

Alanguageisnotjustacollectionofsounds,orevenwords.22.\languagehasastructureandwhatwecal1agrammar.T

hestructureandgrammarofalanguagehelptogiveitmeaning.Forexample,thetwoquestions“WholovesMary?"and"Whod

oesMarylove?”meanverydifferentthings.Ifyoustoptothinkaboutit,youwillseethatthisdifferencedoesn,tcomefr

omthewordsinthequestionbutfromthedifferenceinstructure.Thatiswhythequestion“Candolphinsspeak?"can'tbe

answereduntilwefindoutifdolphinsnotonlymakesoundsbutalsoarrangetheminagrammaticalorderwhichaffectstheirm

eaning.

16Theastronomerwasnotinterestedinthewaydolphinscommunicatewitheachother.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

17ThedolphinleaptupintotheairbecauseSaganwastoonearthewater.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

18Partsofthedolphin*sbrainareparticularlywe11developedtohandledifferentkindsofsound.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

19Dolphinsarethemostusefulanimalstohumans.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

20Dolphinstravelfasterinwaterthananyotheranimals.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

21Somescientistsbelievethatdolphinshavealanguageoftheirown.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

22Soundscanbecalledalanguageonlywhentheyhaveastructureandagrammar.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第23-30題，每題1分，共8分）

閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：（1）第23—26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2、3、5和6段每段選擇1個正確的小標(biāo)題；

（2）第27—30題要求從所給的6個選項中選擇4個正確選項，分別完成每個句子。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

TheWeightExperiment

NicolaWaltershasbeentakingpartinexperimentsinScotlandtodiscoverwhyhumansgainandlostweight.Beinglockedi

nasmallroomcalleda'calorimeter'（熱量測量室）isonewaytofindout.

1ThesighsabovethetworoomsreadsimplyMChamberOne"andChamberTwo”.Thesearethecalorimeters:4mby2mwhit

e-walledroomswherehumanvolunteersarelockedupinthenameofscience.OutsidetheseroomsanothersignreadswPleasedo

notenter-workinprogresswandinfrontoftheroomsadvancedmachineryregisterseverymovethevolunteersmake.Eachday,

mealsmeasuredtothelastgramarepassedthroughaholeinthewallofthecalorimetertotheresidentvolunteer.

2NicolaWaltersisoneoftwentyvolunteei'swho,overthepasteightmonths,havespentvaryingperiodsinsidethecalori

meter.Tallandslim,Nicoladoesnothaveaweightproblem,butthoughtthestrictdietmighthelpwithhertrainingandfitn

essprogramme.Aself-empioyedcommunitydanceworker,shewasabletofittheexperimentinaroundherwork.Shesawanadver

tforvolunteersatherlocalgymandassheisinterestedinthewholeareaofdietandexercise,shethoughtshewouldhelp

out.

3TheexperimentonNicolainvolvedherspendingonedayonafixeddietathomeandthenextintheroom.Thissequencew

asrepeatedfourtimesoversixweeks.Shearrivedatthecalorimeterat8:30amoneachofthefourmorningsandfromthenon

everythingsheateordrankwascarefullymeasured.Hereverymovewasnotedtoo,herdailyexerciseroutinetimedtothelas

tsecond.Atregularintervals,aftereating,shefilledinformsabouthowhungryshefeltandsamplesweretakenforanalysi

4Thescientistshelpvolunteersimposeakindoforderonthelongdaystheyfaceintheroom."Thefirsttime,Ionlyt

ookonevideoandabook,butitwasOKbecauseIwatchedTVtherestofthetime,wsaysNicola.Andtwiceadaysheusedthe

exercisebike.Shepedaled()forhalfanhour,watchedbyresearcherstomakesureshedidn,tgotoofast.

5Itseemsthatsomefoodsencourageyoutoeatmore,whileotherssatisfyyouquickly.Volunteersarealreadyshowingtha

thigh-fatdietsarelesslikelytomakeyoufeelfull.Believingthattheymaynowknowwhatencouragespeopletoovereat,th

eresearchersareabouttostarttestingahigh-proteinweight-lossdiet.VolunteersarerequiredandNicolahassignedupfor

furthersessions.

AWhatdoesthecalorimeterlooklikeinside?

BWhatprogramwasdesignedfortheexperiment?

CWhatisacalorimeter?

DWhatisthefirstimpression?

EHowdothevolunteerskil1thetime?

FWhydidNicolajoinintheexperiments?

23Paragraph1

24Paragraph1

25Paragraph1

26Paragraph1

27Themachineryoutsidethecalorimetersrecordseverything.

28NicolaWaltershadtimefortheexperiments.

29Volunteershavetogetpreparedforthetimeinthecalorimeter

30Theexperimentsshowthathigh-fatdiets.

Athevolunteersdo

Bbecauseshedoesnothaveaweightproblem

Cbecausethelifetherecanbeveryboring

Dmakepeopleovereat

Ebecauseshewasherownboss

Fafterpassingahigh-proteintest

第4部分：閱讀理解(第31—45題，每題3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項。請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，從每題所給的4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案，涂在答

題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

第一篇"Salty"RicePlantBoostsHarvests

Britishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.T

heirworkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.

TimFlowersandTonyYeo,fromSussexUniversity*sSchoolofBiologicalSciences,havespentseveralyearsresearchingho

wcrops,suchasrice,couldbemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty.

Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogramme,fundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil,

toestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabi1ityintocrops,star

tingwithrice.

Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan100hectares（公頃）ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoiI

andstunts（妨礙生長）plants.Theproblemiscausedbyseveralfactors.Inthetropics,mangroves（紅樹林）thatcreateswamps

（沼澤）andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterranean,aseriesofdroughtshavecaus

edthewatertabletodrop,allowingseawatertoseep（滲透）in.inLatinAmerica,irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwate

risevaporated（蒸發(fā)）bytheheat,leavingsaltdepositsbehind.

Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsthemfunctioningnormally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplants

stopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive.

Toovercometheseproblems,FlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattakeinverylittlesaltandstorewhatthey

doabsorbincellsthatdonotaffecttheplants*growth.Theyhavestartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanewricec

rop,butitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.

Oncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoi1areknown,FlowersandYeowi11trytobreedtheappropriategenesinto

al1mannersofcropsandplants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagain,providingmuchneede

dfoodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld.

31WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrue?

ATheyarestudentsatSussexUniversity.

BTheyarericebreeders.

CTheyarehusbandandwife

DTheyarecolleaguesataninstitutionofhigherlearning.

32FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogramme

Atofindwaystopreventwaterpollution.

Btoidentifygenesthatpromotegrowthinsaltysoil.

Ctobreedriceplantsthattastesalty.

Dtofindwaystoremoveexcessivesaltfromsoil.

33WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseoftheproblemdiscussedinthepassage?

ANaturalbarrierstoseawaterhavebeendestroyed.

BThewatertablehasgonedownafterdroughts.

CSealevelhasbeencontinuouslyrising.

DEvaporationofwaterleavessaltbehind.

34Theword“affecl“inParagraph6couldbebestreplacedby

A"influence”

B“effect”

C“stop

D"present”

35Theattitudeoftheauthortowardstheresearchprojectis

Apositive

Bnegative.

Csuspicious

Dindifferent.

第二篇LivingwithComputer

AftertoolongontheNet,evenaphonecallcanbeashock.Myboyfriend*sLiverpudianaccentsuddenlybecomeshardtou

nderstandaftertheclarityofhiswordsonscreen;asecretary*stoneseemsmorerejectingthan1'dimagineditwouldbe.T

imeitselfbecomesfluid-hoursbecomeminutes,andalternatelysecondsstretchintodays.Weekends,onceahighlightofmy

week,arenowjusttwoordinarydays.

Forthelastthreeyears,sinceIstoppedworkingasaproducerforCharlieRose,Ihavedonemuchofmyworkasatele-co

minuter（遠(yuǎn)程交談?wù)撸?IsubmitarticlesandeditthemviaE-maiIandcommunicatewithcolleaguesonInternetmailinglists.My

boyfriendslivesinEngland,somuchofourrelationshipiscomputer-mediated.

IfIdesired,Icouldstayinsideforweekswithoutwantinganything.Icanorderfood,andmanagemymoney,loveandwork.

Infact,attimesIhavespentaslongasthreeweeksaloneathome,goingoutonlytogetmai1andbuynewspapersandgrocer

ies.1watchedmostoftheblizzard（暴風(fēng)雪）of'96onTV.

Butafterawhile,lifeitselfbeginstofeelunreal.IstarttofeelasthoughI'vemergedwithmymachines,takingdata

in,spittingthembackout,justanothernode（節(jié)點(diǎn)）ontheNet.Othersonlinereportthesamesymptoms.Westarttostrongly

disliketheoutsideformsofsocializing.It*slikeattendinganA.A.meetinginabarwitheveryoneholdingahalf-sippedd

rink.WehavebecometheNetopponents*worstnightmare.

Whatfirstseemedlikealuxury,crawlingfrombedtocomputer,notworryingabouthair,andclothesandface,hasbecome

anavoidance,alackofdiscipline.Andonceyoustartreplacingrealhumancontactwithcyber-interaction（網(wǎng)上交流），coming

backoutofthecavecanbequitedifficult.

Attimes,Iturnonthetelevisionandjustleaveittochatterinthebackground,somethingthatI'dneverdoneprevious

ly.Thevoicesoftheprogramssoothe（安慰）me,butthenI'mjarred（使感不快）bythecommercials.Ifindmyselfsuckedinby

soapoperas,orcompulsively（強(qiáng)制性地）needingtokeepupwiththelatestnewsandtheweather."Dateline,"wFrontline,n

“Nightline,"CNN,everypossibleangleofeverystoryoverandoverandover,evenwhentheyareofnopossibleusetome.W

orkmoversfromforegroundtobackground.

36Comparedwiththeclearwordsofherboyfriendonscreen,hisaccentis

Aobscure.

Bdistinct.

Cunreal.

Dmisleading.

37Thepassageimpliesthatthewriterandherboyfriend1ivein

AEngland.

Bdifferentcountries.

Cthesamecity.

Dthesamecountry.

38Livingaloneinahouse,thewriterseemsto

Ahavetotallyforgottenherwork.

Bbeafraidofherneighbors.

CgetsomecomfortfromTVprograms.

Dhavegonecrazy.

39Welearnfromthepassagethatthewriter

AisfedupwiththeNetopponents.

Bpreferspeop!etothecomputer.

Cisaddictedtothecomputer.

Ddoesnotlikehumancontact.

40ThephraseMcoiningbackoutofthecave“inthefifthparagraphmeans

Aacomingbackhome”.

B“givingupthepresentjob”.

Culivingaluxuriouslife”.

Drestoringrealhumancontactw.

第三篇TheBodyClock

WhyisitthatflyingtoNewYorkfromLondonwillleaveyoufeelinglesstiredthanflyingtoLondonfromNewYork?Thea

nswermaybeaclearcaseofbiologynotbeingabletokeepupwithtechnology.

Deepinsidethebrainthereisa/clock*thatgovernseveryaspectofthebody,sfunctioning:sleepandwakecycles,le

velsofalertness,performance,mood,hormonelevels,digestion,bodytemperatureandsoon.Itregulatesallofthesefunctio

nsona24-hourbasisandiscalledthebiologicalclock.

Thebodyclockprogrammesustobesleepytwiceaday,between3-5amandagainbetween3-5pm.Afternoonteaandnapare

allculturalresponsestoournaturalbiologicalsleepinessintheafternoon.

Oneofthemajorcausesofthetravellers'maladyknownasjetlagisthenon-alignmentofaperson,sinternalbodycloc

kwithclocksintheexternalworld.Crossingdifferenttimezonesconfusesthebiologicalclock,whichthenhastoadjustto

thenewtimeandpatternsoflightandactivity.Tomakemattersmorecomplex,notal1internalbodyfunctionsadjustatthes

amerate.Soyoursleep/wakemayadjusttoanewtimezoneatonerate,whileyourtemperatureadjustsatadifferentpace.Yo

urdigestionmaybeonadifferentschedulealtogether.

Thoughweliveina24-hourday,thenaturaltendencyofthebodyclockistoextendourdaybeyond24hours.Itiscontra

rytoourbiologicalprogrammingto'shrink'ourday.

Thatiswhytravelinginawestwarddirectionismorebody-clockfriendlythanflyingeast.NASAstudiesoflonghaulpilo

tsshowedthatwestwardtravelwasassociatedwithsignificantlybettersleepquantityandqualitythaneastwardflights.

Whenflyingwest,youare'extendingyourday,thustravelinginthenaturaldirectionofyourinternalclock.Elyingeas

twardwillinvolve*shrinking*orreducingyourdayandisindirectoppositiontoyourinternalclock*snaturaltendency.

Oneofthemorecommoncomplaintsoftravelersisthattheirsleepbecomesdisrupted.Therearemanyreasonsforthis:cha

ngingtimezonesandschedules,changinglightandactivitylevels,tryingtosleepwhenyourbodyclockisprogrammedtobea

wake,disruptionoftheinternalbiologicalclockandworkinglongerhours.

Itisoftensuggestedthatyouadjustyourwatchassoonasyouboardaplane,supposedlytotrytohelpyouadjusttoyou

rdestination,sscheduleassoonasyouarrive.Butitcantakethebodyclockseveraldaystoseveralweekstofullyadjust

toanewtimezone.

So,ourbodyclocktrulycan*govern*us.

41Theroleofthebodyclockisto

Aenableustosleep6hoursaday.

Bhelpusadapttoa24-hourcycle.

Cregulatethebody'sfunctions.

I）interferewiththebody'sfunctions.

42Theword“malady“inParagraph4isclosestinmeaningto

A"condition”.

B"discomfort”.

CUinjuryw.

D"excitement".

43Flyinginawestwarddirectionwill

Ahelpyousleepbetter.

Bincreasethedegreeofjetlag.

Cshrinkyourday.

Dmakeyouovereat.

44WhichofthefollowinginNOTmentionedasareasonforthedisruptedsleepoftravelers?

ACrossingdifferenttimezones.

BChanginglightandactivitylevels.

CWorkinglongerhours.

DWatchingoutoftheplaneforalongtime.

45Itcanbeseenfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat

Ayoucancontrolyourownbodyclock.

Bitisnotdifficulttoadjusttoanewtimezone.

Cadjustingyourwatchcanhelpyouaavoidjetlag.

Dthereisn'tmuchyoucandotoavoidjetlag.

第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文（第46—50題，每題2分，共10分）

閱讀下面的短文，文章中有5處空白，文章后面有6組文字，請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原

貌。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。

RuiningtheRuins

Acidrain(酸雨)isnowafamiliarproblemintheindustrializedcountriesinEurope.Harmfulgasesareproducedbypowers

tationsandcars.Theydissolveinrainwaterandthismakesacidrain,whichdamagestrees,riversandstreams.

Acidrainisalsocapableofdissolvingsomerocks.Andbuildingsmadeofsoftrock,suchas1imestone(石灰石)，areparti

cularlybadlyaffected.Theacidrainattackstherock,andsocarvingsandstatuesareeroded(受腐蝕)morequickly.

—(46)AccordingtoareportintheNewScientist,acidrainisbeingblamedfortherapiddecayofancientruins

inMexico.TheoldlimestonebuiIdingsinplaceslikeChichenItza,TulumandPalenquearewearingawayveryquicklyindeed.T

hesesitesaretheremainsofthebuildingsbuiltbytheMayasbetween250BCandAD900,andthespectacularruinsofMayanci

vilizationarevisitedbythousandsoftouristseveryyear.

Butthoseruinsareindangerofbeingseriouslydamagedbypollution.Atmanysitesthestonehasbeencoveredwithalay

erofblacksubstance.(47).

Scientistsestimatethataboutonemillimeterofstoneiswornawayeverytwelveyears.(48)Theacidrain

issaidtobecausedbypollutionfromoilwellsintheGulfofMexico.Carexhaustgasesarealsoaprob1em.Localvolcanic

eruptionsmaketheproblemevenworse.Nevertheless,withenoughmoneyandeffort,researcherssaythatmanyoftheproblemsc

ouldbesolvedandtherateoferosionreduced.(49).

Mexico,scurrentlackoffundsisalsopartlyduetooil.Thecountryhasrichoilfieldsandafewyearsago,whenoilw

asexpensive,Mexicowassellinglargequantitiesofoi1totheUSAandearningalotofmoney.(50)However,thep

riceofoilthendropped,andMexicohasbeenleftowingenormoussumsofmoneyand