【高二 拓展閱讀-生物】Mysterious Moray Eels

MysteriousMorayEelsWithalong,slipperybodyandtwosetsofsharp-toothedjaws,themorayeel(海鱔)soundsalotlikeaseamonster.Morayeelsarepartlydangerousandpartlyfascinating,soletslearnaboutthisaliencreatureofthesea.Amorayeelisatypeoffishwithalongnarrowbodyandalongdorsalfinrunningdownitsback.Theylookalittlelikesnakesbecausetheylackfinsonthesidesoftheirbodies.Oneamazingtraitofthemorayeelisitstwosetsofjaws,onesetrightinfrontandasecondsetinitsthroat!Afterthemorayeelsnags(鉤破)itspreywithitsfrontsetofjawsthesecondsetofjawsgrabsthefoodandpullsitdowntowardthestomach-justlikeascarysciencefictionmonster!Andthemorayeeldoeslookscary,especiallywhenitsticksitslargeheadoutofaholewhileopeningandclosingitssharp-toothedjaws.Sometimes,amorayeel’sjawmovementsaren’tforcatchingprey,butforkeepingwaterflowingoveritsgills(魚腮)soitcancaptureoxygentobreathe.It’sstillagoodideatokeepyourfingersaway，though！Themorayeel’stinyeyesaren’tgood，andtheeelmightmistakeyourfingersforatastysnackifyou’renotcareful.Themorayeelusuallyfeedsatnight.Itsgreatsenseofsmellhelpsitfindfish，squid，octopus（章魚），mollusks（軟體動物），andcrustaceans.Oftenithidesinthecracksandcrevicesofrocksandcoralreefs.Whenpreycomesnear，itstrikes。Didyouknowthatsometimesmorayeelsworktogetherwithgroupers（石斑魚）tohuntforfish？Moraysstartle（使受驚）preyfromsmallcrevicesandtightspaces，andboththegroupersandmorayeelssnatch（抓住）theirprey.Thisisprettyamazingbecauseit’stheonlyinstanceofinterspecieshuntingamongfish。Largemorayeelshaveveryfewnaturalpredators.Smallerones，however，mustwatchoutforothermorays，barracudas（梭子魚），sharks，andgroupers.Therearemanyspeciesofmorayeels，andwhileallarecarnivorous（meat-eatersnotallhavesharp，pointedteeth.Forexample，thezebramoray’steethareflat，perfectforcrunchinghard-shelledcrustaceans。Thesmallestmorayeelspeciesislessthanafootlong，andthelargest（thegiantmoray）canreachupto12feet.Thelargestpopulationsofmorayeelslivearoundtropicalcoralreefsbutsomealsoliveinestuaries，whereriversmeetthesea.

ReadingComprehensionChoosethecorrectanswerforeachquestion1.Whatdoesamorayeellooklike?A.ItlookslikeajellyfishB.ItlookslikeaseacucumberC.ItlookslikeasnakeD.Noneoftheabove2.Whichofthefollowingisanamazingtraitofthemorayeel?A.ItslongnarrowbodyB.ItstwosetsofjawsC.ItslongdorsalfinrunningdownitsbackD.Itsfinsonthesidesofthebody3.Whendoesthemorayeelusuallyfeeditself?A.AtnightB.InthemorningC.IntheafternoonD.Atnoon4.What’samazingaboutmorayeels’huntinghabits?A.TheyonlyeatfishB.TheyareneverhuntedbyothermoraysC.TheysometimescooperatewithgroupersD.Theyrelyontheirsenseofsmelltohunt5.Wherecanwefindthelargestpopulationsofmorayeels?A.InthedeepoceanB.AroundtropicalcoralreefsC.Inestuaries,whereriversmeettheseaD.InthearcticVocabulary基礎(chǔ)詞alien adj.完全陌生的；外國的,異族的；外星人的n.外國人；外星人 英fromanothercountryorsociety；foreign 記詞根記憶：al（其他的）+ien其他地方的→外國的 搭analienculture一種異域文化narrow adj.狹窄的；有限的；狹隘的v.變狹窄 搭anarrowpassage一條狹窄的通道fiction n.小說；虛構(gòu)或幻想出來的事 英athingthatisinventedorimaginedandisnottrue 記詞根記憶：fict（做）+ion（表名詞）造出的故事→小說 搭sciencefiction科幻小說tasty adj.美味的 記來自taste（n味道） 搭tastyfood美味的食物tight adj.嚴(yán)密的；緊的；牢的；繃緊的；親密的,緊密的；（控制）嚴(yán)格的 記聯(lián)想記憶：關(guān)得太緊（tight）了,連光（light）都透不進(jìn)來圈 搭tokeeptightcontroloversth對某事嚴(yán)加控制crunch v.嘎吱嘎吱地咬嚼n.嘎吱嘎的聲音；壓碎聲 英crushingsth.noisilywhenyouarechewingit 搭crunchsth.up徹底壓碎、碾碎tropical adj.熱帶的記 聯(lián)想記憶：trop（轉(zhuǎn)）+ic+al（…的）→太陽回轉(zhuǎn)的地方→回歸線附近的→熱帶的搭tropicalstorm熱帶風(fēng)暴tropicalforest熱帶森林Vocabulary進(jìn)階詞dorsal adj.背部的,背脊的 記詞根記憶：dors（背）+al（…的）→背部的fin n.鰭；鰭狀物；（飛機等的）翼 搭tailfin尾鰭；尾翼squid n.魷魚,槍烏賊crustacean n.甲殼類動物adj.甲殼類的記 聯(lián)想記憶：crust（外殼）+acean（看作ocean,海洋）→海洋中的有殼動物→甲殼類動物crack n.裂纏,裂紋v.（使）破裂,斷裂；（使）發(fā)出爆裂聲；猛擊；崩潰,瓦解 例Thereisacrackinthecup.杯子上有一道裂紋。crevice n.缺口,裂縫 記詞根記憶：crev（裂開）+ice（表名詞）→裂縫coral n.珊瑚（蟲）adj.珊瑚色的,紅色的記 聯(lián)想記憶：cor（看作core,核心）+al→珊瑚是海洋生態(tài)的核心之一→珊瑚（蟲）reef n.礁,暗礁