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ExtremeWeatherSeverestormshappeninlow-pressureweathersystems.Warm,wetairbeginsrisingintotheair.Thehigheritrises,thecooleritbecomesWatervapour(水蒸氣)intheairformsdrops,aprocesscalledcondensation.Thedropsjointogethertoformclouds,andthenprecipitationofsomekind[rain,sleet(雨夾雪),snow,orhail]willfalldowntotheearth’ssurface.Althoughconditionsmustbeveryspecificforathunderstormtodevelop,thunder-stormsremainthemostcommonkindofextremeweather.Beforeathunderstormcandevelop,therehavetobethreeconditionspresent:theairhastobefullofmoisture,theremustbeeitheranintenselyheatedportionoftheearth’ssurfacesendingwarmairupquicklyoranapproachingcoldfront,andthewarmairthatisrisingmustbewarmenoughtostaywarmerthantheairitpassesthroughasitrises.Themoistureintherisingaircondenses,cloudsformandastormbegins.Acoldfronthappenswhencoldairismovingnearthesurfaceoftheearth,anditpusheswarmairupveryquickly.ThisisoftenthebeginningofathunderstormCloudsform,andheavyrainbeginstofall.Oppositeelectricalchargeinsidestormcloudsseparates,causinglightningtoflashtowardstheearth.Lightninghasenoughenergytoheattheairallaroundit.thissuddenburstofheatiswhatcausesthenoiseweknowashunder.Thunderstormsoftenbringdisasterswiththem,includingfloods,firescausedbylightning,damagefromhailstones(冰雹)orstrongwinds,andeventornadoes.atornadoisaspinningmassofairoverlandthatcandestroyvirtuallyeverythinginitspath.Ablizzardisacombinationofstrongwindsandextremelylowtemperatures.Snowfallincreasesuntilitissoheavythatitisdifficultorimpossibletosee.PeoplecanbecomelostinthesnowandfreezetodeathHomescanbecoveredoverwithsnow,trappingpeopleindoorsahurricaneisthemostpowerfulstormknownonearth.Formingoverwarmoceanwatersoffthecoastofthetropics,theycanbecomegiganticswirling(旋動)mixturesofairandwaterbetween100and900mileswide.Windspeedscanaverageabout75milesperhourHurricanesdotheworstdamagetocoastalcitiesbecausetheyquicklylosetheirstrengthwhentheymoveoverlandHurricanesaresolargeandpowerfulthattheirswirlingcloudscanbeseenfromspace.ReadingComprehensionChoosethecorrectanswerforeachquestion1.What’sthemostcommonkindofextremeweather?A.Thunderstorms.B.Blizzards.C.Hails.D.Heavyrains.2.Whatcausesthenoiseweknowasthunder?A.Thewarmairmovingupquickly.B.Theairfullofmoisture.C.Thesuddenburstofheatintheair.D.Theseparationofoppositeelectricalchargesinsidestormclouds.3.Whencoldairismovingnearthesurfaceoftheearth,whatwillhappen?A.Acoldfrontforms.B.Themoistureintherisingaircondenses.C.Heavyrainsbeginfalling.D.Alotofcloudsform.4.Whatdisastersdothunderstormsoftenbringwith?A.Floods.B.Firescausedbylightning.C.Damagefromhailstones.D.Alloftheabove.5.Wheredohurricanesusuallyform?A.Inareaswheretherearelargewaters.B.Overwarmoceanwatersoffthecoastofthetropics.C.Overcoldoceanwatersnearthearctic.D.Thearticledoesnotsay.Vocabulary基礎(chǔ)詞severe adj.嚴(yán)重的;嚴(yán)厲的;艱巨的;嚴(yán)酷的,惡劣的 英extremelybadorseriousstorm n.暴風(fēng)雨;爆發(fā) 搭tropicalstorms熱帶風(fēng)暴surface n.表面 英theoutsideortoplayerofsth.specific adj.具體的;明確的;特定的;獨特的記詞根記憶spec(種類)+ific(產(chǎn)生…的)→分門別類的→明確的 搭specificpurpose明確的目的thunderstorm n.雷暴;雷雨記組合詞thunder(雷)+storm(暴風(fēng)雨)→雷電交加的暴風(fēng)雨→雷暴electrical adj.電的,與電有關(guān)的;用電的 搭electricalengineering電氣工程electricalshock電擊lightning n.閃電 記聯(lián)想記憶light(光)+ning極強的光→閃電burst v.[burst-burst]爆裂;爆炸;猛沖,闖;突然出現(xiàn)n.突然破裂;爆炸英tobreakopenorapart,especiallybecauseofpressurefrominsidetomakesth.breakinthisway例Theplaneburstintoflamesonimpactwiththeground.飛機與地面碰撞時起火了。disaster n.災(zāi)難;災(zāi)禍英anunexpectedevent,suchasaverybadaccident,afloodorafire,thatkillsalotofpeopleorcausesalotofdamage 記詞根記憶dis(離開)+aster(星星)→星星離開原位→災(zāi)難 搭naturaldisaster自然災(zāi)害virtually adv.實際上,事實上;幾乎,差不多 英almostorverynearly,sothatanyslightdifferenceisnotimportantVocabulary進(jìn)階詞precipitation n.降雨(量),降水(量);【化】沉淀 英rain,snow,etcthatfallstheamountofthisthatfalls 搭normalprecipitation正常降水量hail n.冰雹;(雹子般的)一陣v.招呼;高呼;贊揚,稱頌;下冰雹 記聯(lián)想記憶冰雹(hail)讓航行(sail)計劃流產(chǎn)(fail)了moisture n.潮氣,濕氣英verysmalldropsofwaterorotherliquidthatarepresentintheair,onasurfaceorinasubstancecondense v.(使)壓縮,精簡;(使)凝結(jié)記詞根記憶con(表加強)+dense(密集的)變得密集→(使)凝結(jié)例ThisarticlehasbeenadaptedandcondensedfromthearticlebyWilliamandslater.這篇文章改編自威廉姆和斯萊特的文章,并進(jìn)行了精簡。 派condensation(n.凝疑結(jié))flash v.閃光,閃耀;飛馳,掠過n.閃光;閃光燈 搭aflashoflightning一道閃電aflashinthepan曇花一現(xiàn)tornado n.旋風(fēng);龍卷風(fēng) 記詞根記憶torn(轉(zhuǎn))+ado能轉(zhuǎn)的風(fēng)→龍卷風(fēng) 搭tornadocellar避風(fēng)窖blizzard n.暴風(fēng)雪,大風(fēng)雪 英asnowstormwithverystrongwindsfreeze v.(使)結(jié)冰;(使)凝固;感到很冷;凍僵 搭freezeover冰封

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