2023年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)專題一名詞

專題一名詞名詞（None.）是詞類的一種，屬于實(shí)詞，表示人，物，事，地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的統(tǒng)一名稱。（普通名詞+專有名詞）普通名詞某一類事物，某種物質(zhì)，抽象概念的名稱?？蓴?shù)名詞（知識(shí)點(diǎn)一）個(gè)體名詞（指當(dāng)個(gè)人或事物的名詞）Tree樹Student學(xué)生Ball球Bag書包只能修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)many，few，afew，howmany只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞much，little，alittle，howmuch既能修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，又能修飾不可數(shù)名詞–some，any，alotof，lotsof，plentyof集體名詞（同一類許多個(gè)體的集合的總稱）Family家庭Police警察不可數(shù)名詞（知識(shí)點(diǎn)二）物質(zhì)名詞（構(gòu)成事物的物質(zhì)）Air空氣Water水Glass玻璃抽象名詞（動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)/品質(zhì)等抽象概念）Pride驕傲Love驕傲Danger危險(xiǎn)專有名詞（特定的某個(gè)人，地方，機(jī)構(gòu)的名稱）人名Nina地名Nanjing時(shí)間May五月Monday星期一報(bào)刊名ChinaDaily《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》江河湖海名TheYellowRiver黃河…人名Nina霓娜，professorMike麥克教授，Mr.andMrs.Smith史密斯夫婦地名London倫敦，TheGreatWall長(zhǎng)城，Asia亞洲，Room507507房間時(shí)間名Monday星期一，August八月，children‘sday兒童節(jié)報(bào)刊名thetimes泰晤士報(bào)單位團(tuán)體theunitednations聯(lián)合國(guó)知識(shí)點(diǎn)一可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則變化類別構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況+sDeskdesksAppleapplesBoyboysKeykeys以x，sh，ch，s結(jié)尾+esClassclassesBoxboxesWatchwatchesDishdishes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾把y變i，再加esCountrycountriesFactoryfactoriesPartypartiesCitycities以f或者fe結(jié)尾（多數(shù)）把f或者fe變?yōu)関esKnifeknivesWifewivesLeafleavesShelfshelvesThiefthieves以o結(jié)尾，有生命的+esHeroheroesPotatopotatoesTomatotomatoesMangomangoes以o結(jié)尾，無(wú)生命的+sPhotophotosRadioradiosZoozoos名詞復(fù)數(shù)不規(guī)則變化類別例句改變名詞中的元音字母變a為eManmenWomanwomen變oo為eeFootfeetToothteeth單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同SheepsheepDeerdeer其他不規(guī)則變化MousemiceChildchildren某國(guó)人變復(fù)數(shù)（中日不變英法變，其余“s”加后面）ChineseChineseJapaneseJapaneseEnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmenAustralianAustraliansGermanGermansAmericanAmericansCanadianCanadians1.當(dāng)名詞前的修飾詞是man或woman，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，兩個(gè)名詞全都要變成復(fù)數(shù)形式;如果是其他詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，只需把后面的名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：amanteachertwomenteachersawomansingertwowomensingersaboystudenttwoboystudents2.“數(shù)詞十名詞(?形容詞）”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞,中間的名詞不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式，必須用單數(shù)形式。如：Sheisafiveyearoldgirl.地是一個(gè)五歲的女孩。（fiveyearold不能寫成fiveyearsold)afivepoundnote一張五英鎊的紙幣a100meterrace一場(chǎng)百米賽跑3.有些名詞常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。表達(dá)其數(shù)量時(shí)，常借助pair一詞。如trousers,socks,gloves,glasses,shoes,pants等如：apairoftrousers,twopairsofgloves.知識(shí)點(diǎn)二一、概念無(wú)法用數(shù)目計(jì)算的物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞。二、特點(diǎn)不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,也不能直接與數(shù)詞(one，two..)或不定冠詞a,an連用，但可用some,any,alotof,alittle等修飾。此外,還可以構(gòu)成“數(shù)詞或冠詞＋計(jì)量名詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：apieceofadvice,acupoftea,aglassofmilk,apieceofpaper,adropofwater,twocupsofcoffee.三、初中階段常見(jiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞?飲食類：milk,water,tea,coffee,beer,?wine,juice,meat,beef,pork,rice,bread,salt,soup,cheese,butter.??材料類：glass,plastic,cotton,silk,?wood,metal,silver,gold,steel.???自然類：air,light,rain,snow,fire,?weather,wind,ice.抽象概念類：news,advice,information,homework,knowledge,success,surprise,fun,progress,music有些名詞既可作可數(shù)名詞，又可作不可數(shù)名詞，但意義不同。名詞可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞Chicken小雞雞肉fish魚魚肉glass玻璃杯玻璃paper報(bào)紙，文件紙orange橙子橙汁room房間空間time次數(shù)，倍數(shù)時(shí)間知識(shí)點(diǎn)三名詞所有格類別構(gòu)成方法例子單數(shù)名詞加sMary’ssisterMydad’scarTheactress’sname復(fù)數(shù)名詞以s結(jié)尾加‘Theteachers'officeThegirls'interestsYourgrandparents'room不以s結(jié)尾加’sChildren'sDayWomen'sDay二、用法??用在表示人或動(dòng)物的名詞后，表示所屬關(guān)系,意為“………的”。?ThisisTom'scar.這是湯姆的車。?用and連接的兩個(gè)并列的單數(shù)名詞表示共有關(guān)系時(shí)，在后一個(gè)名詞后面加s。如：?LilyandLucy'smotherisanurse.莉莉和露西的媽媽是一名護(hù)士。如果不表示共有關(guān)系,則在兩個(gè)名詞后面分別加‘s.如，Lily'sandJohn'smothersarenurses.莉莉的媽媽和約翰的媽媽都是護(hù)士。??復(fù)合不定代詞someone,everybody等和else連用時(shí),’s應(yīng)加在else后。如：?somebodyelse'spencil別人的鉛筆表示時(shí)間、距離、國(guó)家、城市等的名詞，也可以在詞尾加’s或，來(lái)構(gòu)成所有格。如：today'snewspaper今天的報(bào)紙，fiveminutes’ride/walk/drive騎車/走路/開車5分鐘的路程，China'scapital中國(guó)的首都,threedays?leave三天的假期鞏固練習(xí)單項(xiàng)選擇1.（2022安徽，24）—Idomorningexerciseseveryday.Itworksmywholebody.It'sagoodhabit.Ithelpsyoukeepingood______.A.time2.Betty,you'dbetterfollowthedoctor's______anddomoreexercise.Iwill.Thankyou.A.adviceB.agreementC.information3.（2022湖北武漢,33）WhydoyoupracticeTaiChieveryday?BecausethisChineseformofexercisehelpsmerelaxandfindmyinner(內(nèi)心的)____.A.voice4Whichicecreamdoyouwant,Mary?Youcan'thaveallofthem.Youhavetomakea______.A.wish5.MissLihaslotsofteaching______Shehasherownwaystomakeclasseslivelyandinteresting.A.exerciseC.experience6.Ifindtherearemoreandmoreoverweightchildreninourschool.Exactly,soweshouldhavegoodeating______.D.habits7.（2021江蘇南京，12)YuanLongpingwasaworldfamousscientist.Becauseofhisachievements,rice_____hasbeenincreasedgreatly.D.introduction8.Hi,Momisamovingfilm.Ithasbeenonforseveralmonthsinthe_______.A.museum9.Yourleglooksreallybad!Ithinkyoushouldsendfora______aboutthat.10.Hisbeautifulmusichasbrought______topeopleallovertheworld.11.（2021湖北武漢，37）Theidion（成語(yǔ)）"Mengzi'smothermakesthreemoves"tellsofamotherwhodidallshecouldtoprovidethebest_______forherchild.D.information12.WhydoChinesecelebratingpeoplelikered?Becausethecolorredisthe_____ofgoodluckinChina.???單句填空Maythewholeworldbefullofp______(和平),love,andhappiness.??Jimwillbeonsummer?vacationinJuneandJ______Canyoupointoutyourcountryonthisworld_____(地圖)Thebighousewassoldatahigh______（價(jià)格)lastyear.單項(xiàng)選擇1.（2022重慶A卷,23)Thisyear,thefamily?wentcampingon______Day,June1st.A.ChildB.Child'sD.Children's2.Weseesome______risingintotheairattheopeningofournewlibrary.3.Wuhan,oneofthemostimportant?_______inChina,isfamousforthe?YellowCraneTower.?單句填空Peoplehadrebuiltthebridgemany_______(time).??My?______(grandmother)gardenisverynice.???Overtheyears,GongBaoChickenhasbeeoneofthemost______(dish)inChineserestaurantsthroughouttheworld.???Thewallpaperwith?cartoonpatternsisidealformy______(son)room.??In1920,the?_______(world)firstthreecolortrafficlightwasput?touse.單項(xiàng)選擇WhenDavegoesbackhomefromschool,hisdogalwaysgreetshimatthedoorwith______(excite).Althoughhemajoredinchemistry,HuangopenedacubestoreinChangshaafterhis_______(graduate).??AsaTV?______(report),it'smydutytotellthetruthtothepublic.??ChineseNewYearisa?_______(celebrate)markingtheendof?winterandthebeginningofspring.??Withthe?______(develop)ofscienceandtechnology,lifeisbeingmucheasier.單項(xiàng)選擇???Mostparentsthinkitisagoodtotakeaschoolbusbecauseit'squite?safe.There'slesswaterforpeopleinnearby?likeChina,India,andPakistan.?citiesD.villagesMary，how?aboutgoingtothe_____?Goodidea.Wecanreadlotsofbooksthere.cinema—Chinaheldthe?Olympicsin2008and2022successfully.Wetake________inourgreatcountry.advice一Ihearyouhavetoget?upearlyeverymorning.Right.It'soneofthe_______ofmyfamily.hobbiesStudyinginanother?countryisadifferent_______.Youcanhaveatry.traditionB.differenceHelenisn'tin.CanI?takea?______forher?newspaperD.languageThestoryreminds?usthatweshouldnevermakea______ifwecan'tkeepit.wishchoice9.One_______ofthebookismissing,soIcan'tlearnthewholestory.10.—Samalwaysreadsforhalfanhourbeforebedtimeeveryday.That'sagood_____.Readingmakesafullman.單句填空Peopleliketoflykitesin______（三月）.B_______isthecoloroftheskyonasunnyday.Watching______(mouse)wasfunandhelpedmeforgetaboutmytroubles.Myparentscalledthe______(policeman),buttheycouldn'tfindanythingstrange.It'saboutone_______(hour)busridefrommyhometotheairport.Afterthe________(invent)ofpaper,peoplestartedtowriteonpapertomakebooks.Thedogscouldsensetheobjectsfromadistance,buthumanscouldn'tfeelthe______(warm)oftheobjectuntiltheytouchedit.單項(xiàng)選擇1.Hersmilealwaysmakesmefeelwarmandlively.Itseemstohave______A.answer2.（2022四川成都二模）—Howdidyoufixup?thebrokenbicycle,Jack?It'seasy.Ijustfollowedthe______.A.instructions3.（2022廣西貴港二模）—Whatisthe______?ofthebasketballmatchbetweenClass3and?Class4?Itwas5642.Class3wonthegame.4.（2022江蘇蘇州模擬）The_______onJack'sfaceshowedthathewassurprisedatthenews.A.secretB.form5.（2022廣西北海一模）Asweallknow,a?thousandmilejourneybeginswiththe?first____.Yes,let'sgetstartednow!6.（2022浙江溫州二模）TheTittlegirlhassucha?good_______thatshecankeepthenamesofall?herclassmatesinmindonthefirstdayatschool.?7.（2022云南昆明一模）—Chinahaswona?"pletevictory"initsfightagainstpoverty?（脫貧攻堅(jiān)）.Exactly.Great______havetakenplaceinmyhometown.B.habits?8.(2022河北重點(diǎn)中學(xué)聯(lián)考）TheGreatWallis?the_______?ofChina.Manyforeignerseto?visititeveryyear.9.Andwiththe__