職稱英語(yǔ)理工類a級(jí)模擬51

職稱英語(yǔ)理工類A級(jí)模擬51

第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)

下面每個(gè)句子中由1個(gè)詞或者短語(yǔ)畫(huà)有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處畫(huà)線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接

近的選項(xiàng)。

1>Sheexhibitedgreatpowersofenduranceduringtheclimb.

A.playedB.sentC.showedD.told

2、Theeternalmotionofthestarsfascinatedhim.

A.longB.never-endingC.boringD.

extensive

3、Sheansweredthedifficultquestion,whichwasanimmenseloadoffherheart.

A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.

enormous

4、Thebookmadeagreatimpactonitsreaders.

A.forceB.influenceC.surpriseD.power

5、Accompaniedbycheerfulmusiczwebegantodance.

A.pleasantB.colorfulC.fashionableD.

different

6、Hewasnoteligiblefortheexaminationbecausehewasoverage.

A.competitiveB.diligentC.qualifiedD.

competent

7、HernoveldepictsanambitiousChinese.

A.writesB.sketchesC.describesD.

indicates

8、Don11irritateher.She*sonashortfusetoday.

A.teaseB.attractC.annoyD.

protect

9、Itisabsurdtogooutinsuchterribleweather.

A.ridiculousB.funnyC.oddD.

interesting

10、Inotifiedhimthatmyaddresshadchanged.

A.informedB.observedC.mockedD.misled

11>Themanagerallocatesdutiestotheclerks.

A.assignB.persuadeC.askD.order

12>Theoncebarrenhillsidesarenowgoodfarmland.

A.hairlessB.bareC.emptyD.bald

13>Itispostulatedthatacureforthediseasewillhavebeenfoundbythe

year2020.

A.challengedB.assumedC.deductedD.decreed

14、Wemustabidebytherules.

A.sticktoB.persistinC.safeguardD.apply

15>Frommystandpointzyouknow,thisthingisjustfunny.

A.positionB.pointofviewC.knowledgeD.opinion

第2部分：閱讀判斷

閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容為每個(gè)句子作出判斷。

ImageMartianDustParticles

NASA*sPhoenixMarsLanderhastakenitsfirsteverpictureofasingle

particleofrustyMartiandustwithoneofitsmicroscopes.Thedustparticles

ofdustwereshownatahighermagnificationthananythingoutsideofEarth

thathasbeenimagedbefore.Theroundedparticlemeasuredonlyaboutone

micrometer,oronemillionthofameter,across.

"Takingthisimagerequiredthehighestresolutionmicroscopeoperated

offEarthandaspeciallydesigneddevicetoholdtheMartiandust,”said

TomPike,aPhoenixscienceteammemberfromImperialCollegeLondon."We

alwaysknewitwasgoingtobetechnicallyverychallengingtoimageparticles

thissmall.

Thedevicethatimagedthedustspeckiscalledanatomicforcemicroscope,

whichmapstheshapeofparticlesinthreedimensionsbyscanningthemwith

asharptipattheendofaspring.Theatomicforcemicroscopecandetail

theshapesofparticlesassmallasabout100nanometers.Andthiswon11be

thelastdustparticlethatPhoenixwillimage.HAfterthisfirstsuccess,

we*renowworkingonbuildingupaportraitgalleryofthedustonMars,"

Pikesaid.

DustexistseverywhereonMars,coatingthesurfaceandgivingitits

rustyredcolor.DustparticlesalsocolortheMartianskypinkandfeedstorms

thatregularlyenvelopetheplanet.Theultrafinedustisthemediumthat

activelylinksgasesintheMartianatmospheretoprocessesinMartiansoilz

soitiscriticallyimportanttounderstandingMars1environment,the

researcherssaid.

The$420-millionPhoenixmissionisanalyzingthedustandsubsurface

icelayersofMars*arcticregionstolookforsignsofpotentialpast

habitability.Theparticleseenintheatomicforcemicroscopeimagewaspart

ofasamplescoopedbytheroboticarmfromthe"SnowWhiteHtrenchanddelivered

toPhoenix1smicroscopestationinearlyJuly.

16>ThedustparticleonMarsisthesmallestparticlethathasbeenimaged

outsideofEarth.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>Usingthesametechnology,wehavealsomeasuredthesizeofparticles

onthemoonandJupiter.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、Scientistsusethehighestresolutionmicroscopetowatchandrecordthe

imageofMartianparticlesonEarth.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、TomPikesaidthattheyusedtothinkitwasnoeasyjobtoimagesuch

smallparticles.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Anelectronicdevicehasbeendevelopedtomeasuretheweightofcertain

Martianparticles.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、AftercollectingthelastMartiandustparticle,thescientistshavestarted

tobuildupaportraitgalleryofit.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、ThePhoenix1sroboticarmcollectedtheMartiandustparticlesforanalysis

onMars.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

AdultEducation

1.Voluntarylearninginorganizedcoursesbymaturemenandwomeniscalled

adulteducation.Sucheducationisofferedtomakepeopleabletoenlarge

andinterprettheirexperienceasadults.Adultsmaywanttostudysomething

whichtheymissedinearlierschooling,getnewskillsorjobtraining,find

outaboutnewtechnologicaldevelopments,seekbetterseif-understandingz

ordevelopnewtalentsandskills.

2.Thiskindofeducationmaybeintheformofself-studywithproper

guidancethroughtheuseoflibraries,correspondencecourses,orbroadcasting.

Itmayalsobeacquiredcollectivelyinschoolsandcollegeszstudygroupsz

workshops,clubs,andprofessionalassociations.

3.Modernadulteducationforlargenumbersofpeoplestartedinthe18th

and19thcenturieswiththeriseoftheIndustrialRevolution.Greateconomic

andsocialchangesweretakingplace：peopleweremovingfromruralareas

tocitiesznewtypesofworkwerebeingcreatedinanexpandingfactorysystem.

Theseandotherfactorsproducedaneedforfurthereducationandre-education

ofadults.

4.TheearliestprogramsoforganizedadulteducationaroseinGreatBritain

inthe1790s,withthefoundingofanadultschoolinNottinghamandamechanics

instituteinGlasgow.TheearliestadulteducationinstitutionintheUnited

StateswasfoundedbyBenjaminFranklinandsomefriendsinPhiladelphiain

1727.

5.Peoplerecognizethatcontinuedlearningisnecessaryformostforms

ofemploymenttoday.Forexample,partsoftheadultpopulationinmanycountries

finditnecessarytotakepartinretrainingprogramsatworkoreventolearn

completelynewjobs.Adulteducationprogramsarespringingupconstantly

tomeettheseandotherneeds.

23、A.NecessityforDevelopingAdultEducation

B.EarlyDaysofAdultEducation

C.WaysofReceivingAdultEducation

D.GrowthofAdultEducation

E.InstitutionsofAdultEducation

F.DefinitionofAdultEducation

Paragraph2_______

24、Paraqraph3

25、Paraqraph4

26>Paraqraph5

27、A.bysocialandeconomicchanges

B.guidedself-studyandcorrespondencecourses

C.bystudyingtogetherwithchildren

D.whattheydidnotmanagetolearnearlier

E.datesbacktotheeighteenthcentury

F.massproduction

Someadultswanttolearn.

28、Therearevariousformsofadulteducation,including.

29、Adulteducationhasbeenmadenecessary.

30>Theearliestorganizedadulteducation.

第4部分：閱讀理解

弟扁

SleepLetsBrainFileMemories

Tosleep.Perchancetofile?Findingspublishedonlinethisweekbythe

"ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences"furthersupportthetheory

thatthebrainorganizesandstowsmemoriesformedduringthedaywhilethe

restofthebodyiscatchingzzz*s.

GyorgyBuzsakiofRutgersUniversityandhiscolleaguesanalyzedthebrain

wavesofsleepingratsandmice.Specifically,theyexaminedtheelectrical

activityemanatingfromthesomatosensoryneocortex(anareathatprocesses

sensoryinformation)andthehippocampus,whichisacenterforlearningand

memory.Thescientistsfoundthatoscillationsinbrainwavesfromthetwo

regionsappeartobeintertwined.So-calledsleepspindles(burstsofactivity

fromtheneocortex)werefollowedtensofmillisecondslaterbybeatsinthe

hippocampusknownasripples.Theteampositsthatthisinterplaybetween

thetwobrainregionsisakeystepinmemoryconsolidation.Asecondstudy,

alsopublishedonlinethisweekbythe"ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyH

ofSciences',,linksage-associatedmemorydeclinetohighglucoselevels.

Previousresearchhadshownthatindividualswithdiabetessufferfrom

increasedmemoryproblems.Inthenewwork,AntonioConvitofNewYorkUniversity

SchoolofMedicineandhiscollaboratorsstudied30peoplewhoseaverageage

was69toinvestigatewhethersugarlevels,whichtendtoincreasewithage,

affectmemoryinhealthypeopleaswell.Thescientistsadministeredrecall

tests,brainscansandglucosetolerancetestszwhichmeasurehowquickly

sugarisabsorbedfromthebloodbythebody'stissues.Subjectswiththe

poorestmemoryrecollection,theteamdiscovered,alsodisplayedthepoorest

glucosetolerance.Inaddition,theirbrainscansshowedmorehippocampus

shrinkagethanthoseofsubjectsbetterabletoabsorbbloodsugar.

"Ourstudysuggeststhatthisimpairmentmaycontributetothememory

deficitsthatoccuraspeopleage.11Convitsays."Anditraisestheintriguing

possibilitythatimprovingglucosetolerancecouldreversesomeage-associated

problemsincognition.nExerciseandweightcontrolcanhelpkeepglucose

levelsincheck,sotheremaybeonemorereasontogotothegym.

31>Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnearestinmeaningtothesentence

HTosleep.Perchancetofile?”?

A.Doesbrainarrangememoriesinusefulorderduringsleep?

B.Doesbrainhavememorieswhenoneissleeping?

C.Doesbrainrememberfliesafteronefallsasleep?

D.Doesbrainworkonfilesinsleep?

32、Whatistheresultoftheexperimentwithratsandmicecarriedoutat

RutgersUniversity?

A.Theelectricalactivityisemanatingfromthesomatosensoryneocortex.

B.Oscillationsinbrainwavesarefromhippocampus.

C.Somatosensoryneocortexandhippocampusworktogetherinmemory

consolidation.

D.Somatosensoryneocortexplaysitprimaryroleinmemoryconsolidation.

33、Whatistherelationofmemorytoglucosetolerance,asisindicatedby

aresearchmentionedinParagraph3?

A.Peoplewithpoormemoryhavehighglucosetolerance.

B.Peoplewithgoodmemoryhavelowglucosetolerance.

C.Memorylevelhasnothingtodowithglucosetolerance.

D.Thepoorerthememory,thepoorerglucosetolerance.

34、Inwhatwayismemoryrelatedtohippocampusshrinkage?

A.Thereisnorelationbetweenmemoryandhippocampusshrinkage.

B.Themorehippocampusshrinks,thepoorerone*smemory.

C.Themorehippocampusshrinks,thebetterone*smemory.

D.Thelesshippocampusshrinks,thepoorerone*smemory.

35、Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatistheultimatereasonforgoing

tothegym?

A.Topreventhippocampusshrinkage.

B.Tocontrolweight.

C.Toexercise.

D.Tocontrolglucoselevels.

F第J-一-曾AttJ

DriventoDistraction

JoeCoyneslidesintothedriver1sseat,startsupthecarandheadsto

town.Theemptystretchofinterstategiveswaytourbancongestion,andCoyne

hitsthebrakesasapedestriansuddenlycrossesthestreetinfrontofhim.

Butevenifhehadn1tstoppedintime,thewomanwouldhavebeensafe.

Sheisn*treal.Neitheristhetown.AndCoyneisn11reallydriving.Coyne

isdemonstratingacomputerizeddrivingsimulatorthatishelpingresearchers

atOldDominionUniversity(ODU)examinehowinvehicleguidancesystemsaffect

thepersonbehindthewheel.

Theresearcherswanttoknowifsuchsystemszwhichgiveaudibleorwritten

directions,aretoodistracting—orwhetheranydistractionsareoffsetby

thebenefitsdriversgetfromhavinghelpfindingtheirwayinunfamiliar

locations.

"Wearelookingattheperformanceandmentalworkloadofdrivers,Hsaid

CarylBaldwin,theassistantpsychologyprofessorleadingtheresearch,which

involvesmeasuringdrivers*reactiontimeandbrainactivityastheyrespond

toauditoryandvisualcues.

Theresearchersjustcompletedastudyofthementalworkloadinvolved

indrivingthroughdifferentkindsofenvironmentsandheavy,lighttraffic.

Preliminaryresultsshowthataspeople"getintomorechallengingdriving

situations,theydon11haveanyextramentalenergytorespondtosomething

elseintheenvironment,nBaldwinsaid.

Butthetradeoffscouldbeworthit,shesaid.Thenextstepistotest

differentwaysofgivingdriversnavigationalinformationandhowthosemethods

changethedrivers*mentalworkload.

"Isitbestiftheyseeapicture...thatshowstheirposition,amapkind

ofdisplay?"Baldwinsaid."Isitbestiftheyhearit?n

Navigationalsystemsnowonthemarketgivepointbypointdirectionsthat

followaprescribedroute."They1reveryunforgiving,nBaldwinsaid.nIfyou

missaturn,theycanalmostseemtogetangry.n

Thatstyleofdirectionsalsocanbefrustratingforpeoplewhoprefer

moregeneralinstructions.Butsuchbroaddirectionscanconfusedriverswho

preferroutedirections.Baldwinsaid.

Perhapsmanufacturersshouldallowdriverstochoosethestyleof

directionstheywant,ormodifysystemstopresentsomeinformationinaway

thatmakessenseforpeoplewhopreferthesurveystyle,shesaid.

Interestingly,otherresearchhasshownthatabout60percentofmenprefer

thesurveystyle,while60percentwomenprefertheroutestyle,Baldwinsaid.

Thisexplainstheclassiclittlethingofwhymendon*tliketostopandask

fordirectionsandwomendo,Baldwinadded.

36、WhichstatementisTRUEofthedescriptioninthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.IfCoynehadstoppedthecarintime,hewouldn*thavehitthewoman.

B.Thewomanwouldhavebeenknockedover,ifCoynehadfollowedthetraffic

regulations.

C.Coyneisnotreallydrivingsoitisimpossibleforhimtohavehit

thewoman.

D.Ifthewomanhadnotcrossedthestreetsuddenly,Coynewouldnothave

hither.

37、Whatdoresearcherswanttofindout,accordingtothethirdandfourth

paragraphs?

A.Whetherornotaudibleorwrittendirectionsaredistracting.

B.Howlongitwilltakethedrivertorespondtoauditoryandvisual

stimuli.

C.Howthedriverperformundercertainmentalworkload.

D.Alloftheabove.

38>Whatarethepreliminaryresultsgiveninthefifthparagraph?

A.Driversareafraidofgettingintochallengingdrivingsituations.

B.Inchallengingdrivingsituations,driversstillhaveextraenergy

tohandleotherthings.

C.Inchallengingdrivingsituations,driversdonothaveanyadditional

mentalenergytodealwithsomethingelse.

D.Drivers*mentalloadremainsunchangedunderdifferentsituations.

39、Thesixthparagraphmainlystatesthattheresearchers

A.aredesigningavisualnavigationalinformationsystem

B.aredesigninganaudionavigationalinformationsystem

C.aredesigninganaudiovisualnavigationalinformationsystem

D.wanttodeterminethebestwaysofgivingnavigationalinformation

system

40、Whatkindofdirectionsdomenandwomenprefer?

A.Womenprefermoregeneraldirectionsandmenpreferroutedirections.

B.Menprefermoregeneraldirectionandwomenpreferroutedirections.

C.Bothmenandwomenprefergeneraldirections.

D.Bothmenandwomenpreferroutedirections.

GlobalWarming

AttheKyotoconferenceonglobalwarminginDecember1997zitbecame

abundantlyclearhowcomplexithasbecometoworkoutinternationalagreements

relatingtotheenvironmentbecauseofeconomicconcernsuniquetoeachcountry.

Itisnolongerenoughtotrytoforbidcertainactivitiesortoreduceemissions

ofcertainsubstances.Theglobalchallengesoftheinterlinkbetweenthe

environmentanddevelopmentincreasinglybringustothecoreoftheeconomic

lifeofstates.Duringthelate1980swewereable,throughinternational

agreements,tomakedeepcutsinemissionsharmfultotheozonelayer.These

reductionsweremadepossiblebecausesubstitutionshadbeenfoundformany

oftheharmfulchemicalsand,moreimportant,becausetheharmfulsubstances

couldbereplacedwithoutnegativeeffectsonemploymentandtheeconomies

ofstates.

Althoughthethreatofglobalwarminghasbeenknowntotheworldfordecades

andallcountriesandleadersagreethatweneedtodealwiththeproblem,

wealsoknowthattheeffectsofmeasures,especiallyharshmeasurestaken

insomecountries,wouldbenullified什氐消）ifothercountriesdonotcontrol

theiremissions.WhereastheUNteamonclimatechangehasfoundthatthe

emissionsofcarbondioxidewouldhavetobecutgloballyby60%tostabilize

thecontentofC02intheatmosphere,thispathisnotfeasibleforseveral

reasons.Suchdeepcutswouldcauseabreakdownoftheworldeconomy.Important

andpopulous（人口眾多的）lowormediumincomecountriesarenotyetwilling

toundertakelegalcommitmentsabouttheirenergyuses.Inaddition,thestate

ofworldtechnologywouldnotyetpermitustomakesuchabigleap.

Wemustzhowever,findasolutiontothethreatofglobalwarmingearly

inthe21stcentury.Suchacommitmentwouldrequireadegreeofsharedvision

andcommonresponsibilitiesnewtohumanity.Successliesintheforceof

imaginations,inimaginingwhatwouldhappenifwefailtoact.Althoughmany-

livingincoldregionswouldwelcometheglobalwarmingeffectofawarmer

summer,fewwouldcheerthearrivalofthesubsequentdiseases,especially

wheretherehadbeennone.

41、Themainpurposeofthispassageisto.

A.convincepeoplethatglobalwarmingisarealthreat

B.criticizesomecountriesforrefusingtocutdownemissionsharmful

totheozonelayer

C.analyzetheproblemofglobalwarming

D.argueagainstmakingdeepcutsinemissions

42、Thereasonwhyitisdifficulttogetridofthethreatofglobalwarming

isthat_______.

A.theleadersofmanycountriesarenotfullyawareofthegravityof

theproblem

B.worldtechnologyisnotabletosolvetheproblem

C.notallthecountriesarewillingtomakedeepcutsinemissions

D.manypeoplewelcometheglobal-warmingeffectofawarmersummer

43、Inthepassagetheauthorimpliesthat.

A.itisalwaysdifficulttoworkoutinternationalagreementstocutdown

emissionsharmfultotheozonelayer

B.itisnolongereasytoreachinternationalagreementsrelatingtothe

environment

C.theworldhadrecentlybecomeawareofthethreatofglobalwarming

D.theproblemofglobalwarminghaslargelybeensolved

44、Accordingtotheauthor,itisimpossibleatpresenttocut60%ofcarbon

dioxideemissionsgloballybecause_______.

A.itisonlyagoaltobereachedinthefuture

B.somepeoplearelackinginimagination

C.somepeopleareirresponsible

D.itwouldcausetoacollapseoftheworldeconomy

45、Whatshouldallcountriesdotohelpsolvetheproblemofglobalwarming?

A.Theyshouldreplacealltheharmfulsubst