數(shù)字音頻接口數(shù)據(jù)記錄系統(tǒng)中英文對照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)

中英文資料外文翻譯文獻(xiàn) 微型計(jì)算機(jī)的數(shù)字音頻接口PROCESSOR-BASED數(shù)據(jù)記錄系統(tǒng)摘要：提出了一種廉價(jià)的接口實(shí)現(xiàn)了數(shù)字化數(shù)據(jù)直接轉(zhuǎn)移,從數(shù)字音頻處理器和視頻盒式錄音機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)和Bezanilla(1985年。j.47:437-441)給一個(gè)IBM的PC/XT微型計(jì)算機(jī)。FORTRAN語言的可收回軟件驅(qū)動接口很能干控制的錄音機(jī)和視頻數(shù)據(jù)采集后,立即開始承認(rèn)的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)之前收集的數(shù)據(jù)。這使得分段分析數(shù)據(jù)的長的時(shí)間間隔,否則將超過記憶能力的微型計(jì)算機(jī)。高容量的數(shù)據(jù)記錄系統(tǒng)所設(shè)計(jì)的F。Bezanilla(1985)是很有價(jià)值的從業(yè)人員記錄單通道,因?yàn)樗梢源鎯槎ǖ赖姆浅＞_的數(shù)據(jù)(16位分辨率)、采樣在一個(gè)流暢的速度增長(44100個(gè)樣本/秒)、延長一段時(shí)間(3h).我們有,不過,遇到限制電腦技術(shù)問題進(jìn)行了分析這樣的數(shù)據(jù)記錄。尤其是當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)播放時(shí)是很難精確或可以嗎選擇一個(gè)數(shù)值的數(shù)據(jù)存儲在計(jì)算機(jī)記憶。這個(gè)困難促使我們開發(fā)一個(gè)接口Bezanilla之間的數(shù)據(jù)記錄系統(tǒng)和PC/XT微型計(jì)算機(jī)模型(IBM儀器有限公司,IBM公司,Danbury,CT)。文中介紹了界面能夠獲取的數(shù)據(jù)重復(fù)同樣的間隔內(nèi)嗎和檢索連續(xù)間隔。后者能力允許單通道記錄分析有很大的影響在持續(xù)時(shí)間超過的數(shù)據(jù)存儲容量的電腦(<6s數(shù)據(jù)每512k,寬帶下載1秒鐘的記憶)。我們由一個(gè)開關(guān)盒接口選擇左邊或者右通道采樣、一個(gè)插件電腦板那multiplexes16位數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)移的8位元計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)總線,和一個(gè)匯編語言程序控制視頻錄音機(jī)(VCR)和指導(dǎo)在時(shí)序存放數(shù)據(jù)的內(nèi)存位置。兩功能模式是可得到的。在這個(gè)互動的模式錄像機(jī)和數(shù)據(jù)數(shù)組開始重復(fù),直到充滿了一個(gè)鍵被按下。錄像,然后當(dāng)場-20年代的位置開始之前收集到的數(shù)據(jù)。在自動模式調(diào)用程序提供了一個(gè)標(biāo)記42歲的順序,以前采樣數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)。VCR開始時(shí),輸入的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了比較,結(jié)果表明該標(biāo)記物的一部分。如果找到匹配的陣列的數(shù)據(jù)都被填滿立即與數(shù)據(jù)跟蹤標(biāo)記。充滿立即與數(shù)據(jù)跟蹤標(biāo)記。這然后當(dāng)場錄像-20年后,一個(gè)位置開始的數(shù)據(jù)和控制返回到調(diào)用程序。如果沒有找到匹配的在一個(gè)可調(diào)的時(shí)期回放的(1分鐘0.5h),錄影帶是當(dāng)場60年代和子程序返回一個(gè)國旗表示這些數(shù)據(jù)收集并不成功。如果最后的42數(shù)據(jù)每一個(gè)記錄點(diǎn)作為標(biāo)記為下一個(gè)記錄,序貫子功能調(diào)用在自動模式將產(chǎn)量檢索的連續(xù)數(shù)據(jù)塊。雖然我們是硬件接口描述特定對我們的儀器和計(jì)算機(jī),適應(yīng)設(shè)備應(yīng)直截了當(dāng)。然而,速度8255接口芯片的限制,以防止出現(xiàn)利用這個(gè)特別的接口AT-typeIBM電腦那操作的6-8兆赫的鐘速度。我們接口硬件中所示圖1?？偝杀倦娔X板和其它部件——150美元。這所設(shè)計(jì)的數(shù)字輸出階段Bezanilla提供的話時(shí)鐘左眼和右眼的數(shù)據(jù)通道和16個(gè)平行數(shù)據(jù)線路。在我們的數(shù)字音頻處理器(階級501;Unitrade公司、費(fèi)城、PA)這些信號是可得到的在一個(gè)25-pin連接器在后方的底盤。一個(gè)帶狀電纜分機(jī)號是用來連接這些線條類似的接頭安裝在一邊,5”×2.5"x1.5”塑料盒。點(diǎn)對點(diǎn)的線路連接在盒子里一個(gè)37-pin數(shù)據(jù)線路接頭安裝在對面盒,連接到一個(gè)時(shí)鐘線渠道的選擇開關(guān)、控制線路和線路從37-pin錄像機(jī)連接器連接到一個(gè)六角五接頭。第二個(gè)帶狀電纜連接37-pin延伸連接件的開關(guān)盒的匹配連接器插件電腦板。圖1的電子線路數(shù)字接口。并行數(shù)字輸出的數(shù)字音頻處理器被A和B的港口8255可編程外圍接口芯片P1012計(jì)算機(jī)板上。8255年設(shè)定每一個(gè)16位數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換成詞兩個(gè)8字在電腦上轉(zhuǎn)移公共汽車。電線連接器,DB-25之間DC-37連接器在開關(guān)盒便利數(shù)字音頻處理器連接到P1012計(jì)算機(jī)卡。選擇數(shù)字音頻處理器數(shù)據(jù)信道是由開關(guān)選擇時(shí)鐘信號的輸入連接到8255端口的握手c成分添加到PI012卡激活玩,重新再來,讓停止功能的視頻錄音機(jī)的控制下,通過optoisolators6和7位港口C。MetraByte公司、Taunton,馬02780)修改允許由電腦控制錄放影機(jī)。該板包含一位8255可編程外圍接口芯片(英特爾公司、圣克拉拉、CA),一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)總線緩沖區(qū),和一個(gè)地址譯碼器。未使用的區(qū)域在頂部的電路板提供充足的房間一根電線包裹集成電路哪幢房子的其它部件的插座中顯示圖1.從添加組件連接現(xiàn)有板可以改變,以適應(yīng)焊接到短距離跳投電路一側(cè)的板。唯一的其他修改需要的是去除的電源電壓從針12、14、16和1837-pin連接的,所以這些線可以用于錄像機(jī)控制。5V-12V,和+12V線路,最好是不需要被中斷割下了3電路板靠近他們接觸痕跡計(jì)算機(jī)總線。切除+5V遠(yuǎn)銷18的要求兩個(gè)邊路的切割痕跡頂部和方法37-pin底部連接組件的一面板和安裝一個(gè)跳投,把比分重新這些兩個(gè)+5V痕跡。這運(yùn)行,停止,后退、我們的錄像機(jī)功能(模型SL-HF450;索尼公司,美國長島的城市,紐約通常是由沮喪SPST觸發(fā)開關(guān)位于前面板。修改這個(gè)錄像機(jī)僅含安裝了一個(gè)六角五連接器。背面板及連接桿地面和。沒有根植,雙方的運(yùn)行,停止,后退、開關(guān)。這些線是相連的,通過開關(guān)盒,到三個(gè)人4N36optoisolators安裝在P1012電路板。激活的optoisolators相當(dāng)于沉悶相應(yīng)的開關(guān),錄放影機(jī)。宏匯編源代碼圖2為控制界面。這個(gè)子程序可以對計(jì)劃8255年為數(shù)據(jù)傳輸、存儲數(shù)據(jù)微電腦記憶,和控制視頻盒式錄音機(jī)。致電本程序指令,描述了它的算法給出了評論。軟件驅(qū)動數(shù)據(jù)傳輸正在寫的宏匯編,是微軟打算聯(lián)系微軟FORTRAN調(diào)用程序。一個(gè)簡要介紹了算法也緊隨其后。細(xì)節(jié)算法和指令致電本程序在備注中提供的源代碼列在圖2。8255年是程序?yàn)檩斎?接二連三的港口b.在這個(gè)配置中,0-5位用于港口C握手。單詞是搭成的數(shù)據(jù)端口A和B時(shí)鐘信號通過直接選擇比特2和4港口0C點(diǎn)微機(jī)樣品港口C(INTRB)當(dāng)數(shù)據(jù)來確定詞被抓住了。這然后輸入一個(gè)字,微機(jī)登記儲存在記憶中。記憶是寄款8每一個(gè)點(diǎn)(16個(gè)字節(jié))。每一個(gè)段落之間的部分增加和偏移登記注冊減少16歲。當(dāng)所需資料收集停止數(shù)量的段落的數(shù)據(jù)已經(jīng)存儲。檢測鍵盤條目是經(jīng)由函數(shù)調(diào)用磁盤的時(shí)間操作系統(tǒng)(DOS操作系統(tǒng))。在自動模式下,提供一個(gè)程序標(biāo)記組成的采樣點(diǎn)42之前。一個(gè)32位的模板是由第一個(gè)最低有效位32分的標(biāo)記。最重要的每一個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)的觀點(diǎn)是旋轉(zhuǎn)成一個(gè)32位的一對寄存器和對比模板。這在比較了兩個(gè)階段。僅當(dāng)?shù)谝粋€(gè)16位比賽,其他的16位比較。因?yàn)?因?yàn)檎鎸?shí)的數(shù)據(jù),最低有效位基本上是隨機(jī)的,一個(gè)16位比賽時(shí)發(fā)生的頻率大約在216年一次每1.5秒。如果一個(gè)特定數(shù)目的一半比賽發(fā)生在總找到匹配的子程序中流產(chǎn)返回一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤代碼。如果一個(gè)總找到匹配的數(shù)據(jù)收藏是開始。前兩個(gè)點(diǎn)(對應(yīng)這33rd和34th分漏掉標(biāo)記)。這未來的8點(diǎn)是:以一個(gè)數(shù)組的形式存儲在馬上preceeds陣列的數(shù)據(jù)在內(nèi)存中。我們建議調(diào)用程序確認(rèn)這些8點(diǎn)都是相同的到最后的8分42-point標(biāo)記。此后,點(diǎn)中存儲的數(shù)據(jù)的數(shù)組。完成的控制,通過使用錄像機(jī)的位元第六條、第七條的規(guī)定的港口C8255。這些都是沒有要求握手,編程為輸出。7442BCD-to-Decimal轉(zhuǎn)換器是用來demultiplex這些兩位。代碼C6C7=00,03,和10個(gè)激活玩,停止,收、功能,分別。位C6、C7通常設(shè)定,導(dǎo)致任何行動。當(dāng)一方或兩位被復(fù)位,適當(dāng)?shù)妮敵龅?442驅(qū)使低,激活相應(yīng)的4N36optoisolator。一個(gè)軟件定時(shí)器是用來控制的時(shí)間optoisolator激活與時(shí)間之間錄像機(jī)的命令。我們也觀察到的唯一缺陷測試接口調(diào)用子程序偶爾的失敗來偵測標(biāo)記。這發(fā)生<1%的時(shí)間。通常,一個(gè)第二給同一標(biāo)記子程序執(zhí)行正確的。我們相信這次失敗源于誤讀錄像。作者將很高興提供感興趣的讀者與磁盤拷貝的列在圖二子程序和它的組裝目標(biāo)代碼。有這樣要的的朋友在郵寄是請?jiān)卩]件里放上格式化好的軟盤。AMICROCOMPUTERINTERFACEFORADIGITALAUDIOPROCESSOR-BASEDDATARECORDINGSYSTEMABSTRACTAninexpensiveinterfaceisdescribedthatperformsdirecttransferofdigitizeddatafromthedigitalaudioprocessorandvideocassetterecorderbaseddataacquisitionsystemdesignedbyBezanilla(1985,Biophys.J.,47:437-441)toanIBMPC/XTmicrocomputer.TheFORTRANcallablesoftwarethatdrivesthisinterfaceiscapableofcontrollingthevideocassetterecorderandstartingdatacollectionimmediatelyafterrecognitionofasegmentofpreviouslycollecteddata.Thispermitspiecewiseanalysisoflongintervalsofdatathatwouldotherwiseexceedthememorycapabilityofthemicrocomputer.ThehighcapacitydatarecordingsystemdesignedbyF.Bezanilla(1985)isofgreatvaluetopractitionersofsingle-channelrecordingsinceitallowsstorageoftwochannelsofveryprecisedata(16bitresolution),sampledatanacceptablyfastrate(44,100samples/s),forextendedperiodsoftime(upto3h).Wehave,however,encounteredtechnicalproblemswhichlimitthecomputerizedanalysisofdatarecordedinthisway.Inparticular,whenthedataareplayedbackitisdifficulttoaccuratelyorreproduciblyselectagivenintervalofdataforstorageincomputermemory.ThisdifficultypromptedustodevelopaninterfacebetweenBezanilla'sdatarecordingsystemandthemodelPC/XTmicrocomputer(IBMInstrumentsInc.,IBMCorp.,Danbury,CT).Theinterfacedescribedhereiniscapableofretrievingthesameintervalofdatarepeatedlyandofretrievingcontiguousintervals.Thelattercapabilityallowsanalysisofsinglechannelrecordswhichgreatlyexceedindurationthedatastoragecapacityofthecomputer(<6sdataper512kbytesmemory).Ourinterfaceconsistsofaswitchboxthatselectstheleftorrightchannelforsampling,aplug-incomputerboardthatmultiplexesthe16-bitdatafortransferonthe8-bitcomputerdatabus,andanassemblylanguagesubroutinethatcontrolsthevideocassetterecorder(VCR)anddirectsstorageofdatainsequentialmemorylocations.Twofunctionalmodesareavailable.IntheinteractivemodetheVCRisstartedandthedataarrayisfilledrepetitivelyuntilakeyispressed.Thevideotapeisthenrewoundtoaposition-20sbeforethebeginningofthecollecteddata.Intheautomaticmodethecallingprogramprovidesamarkerof42sequential,previouslysampleddatapoints.TheVCRisstartedandincomingdataarecomparedwithaportionofthismarker.Ifamatchisfoundthedataarrayisfilledwiththedatathatimmediatelyfollowthemarker.Thevideotapeisthenrewoundtoaposition-20sbeforethebeginningofthedataandcontrolreturnstothecallingprogram.Ifnomatchisfoundwithinanadjustableperiodofplayback(-1minto0.5h),thevideotapeisrewound-60sandthesubroutinereturnsaflagwhichindicatesthatdatacollectionwasnotsuccessful.Ifthelast42datapointsofeachrecordareusedasthemarkerforthenextrecord,sequentialsubroutinecallsintheautomaticmodewillyieldretrievalofcontiguousblocksofdata.Althoughtheinterfacewedescribeishardwarespecifictoourinstrumentsandcomputer,adaptationtootherequipmentshouldbestraightforward.However,speedlimitationsofthe8255interfacechipappeartoprecludeuseofthisparticularinterfacewithIBMAT-typecomputersthatoperateata6-8MHzclockspeed.OurinterfacehardwareisdepictedinFig.1.Totalcostforthecomputerboardandadditionalcomponentsis-$150.ThedigitaloutputstagedesignedbyBezanillaprovideswordclocksfortherightandleftdatachannelsand16paralleldatalines.Inourdigitalaudioprocessor(DASS501;UnitradeInc.,Philadelphia,PA)thesesignalsareavailableona25-pinconnectorattherearofthechassis.Aribboncableextensionisusedtoconnecttheselinestoasimilarconnectormountedononesideofa5"x2.5"x1.5"plasticbox.Point-to-pointwiringwithintheboxconnectsthedatalinestoa37-pinconnectormountedontheoppositesideofthebox,connectstheclocklinestoachannelselectorswitch,androutescontrollinesfortheVCRfromthe37-pinconnectortoa5-pinhexconnector.Asecondribboncableextensionconnectsthe37-pinconnectoroftheswitchboxtothematchingconnectorofaplug-incomputerboard.FIGURE1Electroniccircuitryofdigitalinterface.TheparalleldigitaloutputofthedigitalaudioprocessorisroutedtoportsAandBofan8255programmableperipheralinterfacechiponaP1012computerboard.The8255isprogrammedtoconverteach16-bitdatawordtotwo8-bitwordsfortransferonthecomputerbus.WiringbetweenaDB-25connectorandaDC-37connectorintheswitchboxfacilitatesconnectionofthedigitalaudioprocessortotheP1012computercard.Choiceofdigitalaudioprocessordatachannelismadebyswitchselectionoftheclocksignaltobeconnectedtohandshakinginputsofthe8255portC.ComponentsaddedtothePI012cardactivatetheplay,rewind,andstopfunctionsofthevideocassetterecorderviaoptoisolatorsunderthecontrolofbits6and7ofportC.Thecomputerboardwenowemploy(modelPIO12,MetraByteCorp.,Taunton,MA02780)wasmodifiedtoallowcomputerizedcontroloftheVCR.Thisboardcontainsan8255programmableperipheralinterfacechip(IntelCorp.,SantaClara,CA),adatabusbuffer,andanaddressdecoder.AnunusedareaatthetopofthecircuitboardprovidesampleroomforwirewrapintegratedcircuitsocketswhichhousetheadditionalcomponentsshowninFig.1.Connectionsfromtheaddedcomponentstotheexistingboardmaybemadewithshortjumperssolderedtothecircuitsideoftheboard.Theonlyothermodificationrequiredistheremovalofpowersupplyvoltagesfrompins12,14,16,and18ofthe37-pinconnectorsothattheselinesmaybeusedforVCRcontrol.The-5V,-12V,and+12Vlinesarenotrequiredandarebestinterruptedbycuttingthreecircuitboardtracesneartheircontactswiththecomputerbus.Removalof+5Vfrompin18requirescuttingoftwowidetraceswhichapproachthetopandbottomofthe37-pinconnectoronthecomponentsideoftheboardandinstallationofajumpertoreconnectthesetwo+5Vtraces.Theplay,stop,andrewindfunctionsofourVCR(modelSL-HF450;SonyCorp.ofAmerica,LongIslandCity,NY)arenormallytriggeredbydepressingSPSTswitcheslocatedonthefrontpanel.ModificationofthisVCRconsistssimplyofmountinga5-pinhexconnectortothebackpanelandconnectingpinstogroundandtotheungroundedsidesoftheplay,stop,andrewindswitches.Theselinesareconnected,viatheswitchbox,tothree4N36optoisolatorsmountedontheP1012circuitboard.ActivatingoneoftheoptoisolatorsisequivalenttodepressingthecorrespondingswitchoftheVCR.ThesoftwarethatdrivesthedatatransferiswrittenfortheMicrosoftMACROASSEMBLERandisintendedtobelinkedwithaMicrosoftFORTRANcallingprogram.Abriefoverviewofthealgorithmfollows.DetailsofthealgorithmandinstructionsforcallingthesubroutineareprovidedintheremarksofthesourcecodelistedinFig.2.The8255isprogrammedforstrobedinputofportsAandB.Inthisconfiguration,bits0-5ofportCareusedforhandshaking.ThedatawordislatchedintoportsAandBbydirectingtheselectedclocksignaltobits2and4ofportC.Themicrocomputersamplesbit0ofportC(INTRB)todeterminewhenthedatawordhasbeenlatched.Thewordistheninputtoamicrocomputerregisterandisstoredinmemory.Memoryisaddressedinparagraphsof8points(16bytes)each.Betweeneachparagraphthesegmentregisterisincrementedandtheoffsetregisterisreducedby16.Datacollectionceaseswhentherequirednumberofparagraphsofdatahasbeenstored.Detectionofkeyboardentryismadeviafunctioncallstothediskoperatingsystem(MicrosoftDOS).FIGURE2MACROASSEMBLERsourcecodeforcontrolofinterface.Thissubroutineprogramsthe8255fordatatransfer,storesdatainmicrocomputermemory,andcontrolsthevideocassetterecorder.Instructionsforcallingthesubroutineandadescriptionofitsalgorithmaregiveninthecomments.Intheautomaticmodetheprogramisprovidedwithamarkerconsistingof42previouslysampledpoints.A32-bittemplateisconstructedfromtheleastsignificantbitsofthefirst32pointsofthemarker.Theleastsignificantbitofeachsampledpointisrotatedintoa32-bitpairofregistersandiscomparedwiththetemplate.Thiscomparisonisdoneintwostages.Onlyifthefirst16bitsmatch,aretheother16bitscompared.Since,forrealdata,theleastsignificantbitsareessentiallyrandom,a16-bitmatchoccurswithafrequencyof1in216oraboutonceevery1.5s.Ifaspecifiednumberofhalfmatchesoccurbeforeatotalmatchisfoundthesubroutineabortsandreturnsanerrorcode.Ifatotalmatchisfounddatacollectionisstarted.Thefirsttwopoints(correspondingtothe33rdand34thpointsofthemarker)aremissed.Thenexteightpointsarestoredinanarra