被動語態(tài)講解與練習(xí)-2023-2024學(xué)年高中英語初高中銜接

StoriesthatusethepassiveUseahighlighterandunderlineexamplesofthepassive1.VancouverwashitbyaheavyblizzardThecitywasburiedunder50cmofsnow,andHighway1waspletelyclosedforfivehours.Thus,thousandsofmuterswerestuckandschoolswereclosed.Inaddition,powerpoleswereknockeddown,sothehockeygamewascanceled.2.TheLowerMainlandwasfloodedbytheFraserRiverElectricitytosouthernsuburbswascutoffandthehighwaywaswashedaway.Inaddition,thousandsofpeoplebecamehomeless,andsoldiersweresentfromAlbertatohelp.Fivepeopledrowned,andferriestoVictoriawerecanceled.DikeswerereinforcedtoprotecthousesinRichmond.Joe’slifeJoewasbornandraisedinVancouver.Hewasbittenbyadogbeforehestartedschool.Hewashitbyacarandtakentothehospital,butherecovered.Laterhejoinedthebasketballteam,andhewaspickedtobecaptain.However,soonhewasinjured.Hewaspromotedtothenextgradeandgraduated.Heappliedforuniversity,andhewasaccepted.Unfortunately,hecheatedandwasexpelledfromtheuniversity.Afterthat,hewasdraftedbythearmyand(was)senttonorthernCanada.Afterawhile,hequitthearmyandgotengaged.Hegotmarried,butthenhegotdivorced.Hewashiredandalso(was)promoted,butthenhewasfired.Afterawhile,hefoundanewjob.Hiswalletwasstolen.Finally,heretiredandwasdied.PassivePractice（被動語態(tài)）一．英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)，主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)的主語是動作的執(zhí)行者；被動語態(tài)的主語是動作的承受者，理解為“被……”。被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)是“be+過去分詞”，be動詞有時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化。當(dāng)不知道動作的執(zhí)行者或沒必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者，只強調(diào)突出動作的承受者時，用被動語態(tài)。如：Heopenedthedoor.他打開了這扇門。（主動語態(tài)）Thedoorwasopened.這扇門被打開了。（被動語態(tài)）【活學(xué)活用】()1.Whenyou_________adifficulttask,trytocontinuewithitandfinishit.(2015·沈陽市)A.giveB.aregivingC.gaveD.aregiven()2.Chinese_________bymoreandmorepeoplearoundtheworld.(2016·南充市)isspokenB.spokeC.arespokenD.speaks二．各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)1.被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞+（by+動作的執(zhí)行者）”構(gòu)成。被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過去分詞不變。疑問式和否定式的變化也如此。2.各種時態(tài)的主動和被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)如下表（以動詞do為例）時態(tài)時態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)一般現(xiàn)在時：do/doesam/is/are+done一般過去時：didwas/were+done一般將來時：will/shall/bedoneam/is/aregoingtobedone過去將來時：wouldbedonewas/weregoingto+be+done正在進(jìn)行時：am/isarebeingdone過去進(jìn)行時：was/werebeingdone現(xiàn)在完成時：have/hasbeendone過去完成時：hadbeendone情態(tài)動詞can/should/may/must+be+done例句：1.Ourclassroom_______________everyday.(clean)2.Theschool_______________in1928.(build)3.Anewschoollibrary______________nextyear.(build)4.Homeworkmust________________everyday.(finish)三．主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換1.主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換圖示：2.主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的步驟：(1)將主動句的賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z：注意：如果主動句的賓語是代詞，需將其由賓格變?yōu)橹鞲瘛?2)將動詞改為“be+過去分詞”注意：be動詞與新主語一致，時態(tài)不變(3)將主動語態(tài)的主語改為by…放在謂語動詞后。注意：如果原主語是代詞，則應(yīng)由主格變?yōu)橘e格。如：1.Tomkilledhim.→_________________________2.Theyheldameetingyesterday.→_______________________________四.被動語態(tài)難點及拓展1.省略to的動詞不定式，_____________________在被動語態(tài)中要還原to。即make/let/see/watch/hear/sb.do，變成被動語態(tài)：sb.bemade/let/seen/watched/heard/todo。如：Thebossmakestheworkersworkforalongtime.(變被動)→Theworkers___________________workforalongtimebytheboss.2.動詞短語變成被動語態(tài)時，要保持完整，不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。如：1.Everyoneshouldn't_____________________.(laughat)2.Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren．（變被動語態(tài)）Thechildrenwill________________________________________(byher).3.帶雙賓語的謂語動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)含雙賓語的主動結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，有兩種方法：（1）將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語保持不變；（2）將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，間接賓語用介詞to或for引導(dǎo)。?？嫉挠校篻ive,show,pass,lend,sell等加介詞to；buy,make,mend,build,cook,sing等加介詞for如：①Hetoldusastory．（變被動語態(tài)）→We_____________astory（byhim）．→Astory___________________usbyhim．4.不用被動語態(tài)的詞，常見的有：（1）五感官三變化兩發(fā)生：look，smell，taste，feel，sound，bee，get，turn，happen，takeplace。如：Theflowerssmellnice.GreatchangestookplaceinChina.（2）eout，belongto，breakout，spread，appear，disappear也不用被動語態(tài)。如：TheCDcameoutyesterday.（3）某些可以和“well，easily，smoothly”連用的不及物動詞，且主語是物體，不用被動語態(tài)。這類詞有：read，write，draw，wash，clean，cook，sell，lock，open，cut。如：Thiskindofpenwritesverysmoothly.Thiskindofshirtsellsverywell.【活學(xué)活用】()—Thefoodlookedbad,butit_________OK.—Sowecan’tjudgeamanbyhisappearance.(2013·蘭州市)A.istastedB.tastedC.wastastedD.tastePractise一、單項選擇：()1.Everyday,toomuchwater_______inourschool.Weshouldsaveit.A.iswastedB.wastesC.waswastedD.wasted()2.WhenTim_______whyhewaslateforschool,hejustkeptsilent.A.wasaskedB.askedC.wasaskingD.isasking()3.Morethantwoschools_______inthecitynextyear.A.arebuiltB.werebuiltC.havebuiltD.willbebuilt()4.Ifyouseethecartoonfilms,youwill_______laugh.A.bemadeB.bemadetoC.maketoD.make2、翻譯句子：1.這個旅館是去年建的。________________________________________2.桌子和椅子是由木頭制成的。________________________________________3.山上每年都有很多樹被砍。________________________________________4.每年都應(yīng)該種更多的樹。________________________________________二、用被動語態(tài)改寫下面的句子（Remember:Prepositionalphrases(atthedoor,by5pm,withheroldboyfriend,intheroom…)areNOTobjectsThesecurityguardopensthefrontdooreveryday.________________________________________Workersrepairthestreetsduringthenight.________________________________________JohnLennonwrotethatsong.________________________________________4.Maryhelpsherneighbour’schildrenwiththeirhomeworkalmosteveryday.________________________________________5.PeoplegrowriceinAsia.________________________________________6.ArchaeologistsdiscovernewruinsinEgyptalmosteveryyear.________________________________________7.ShakespearewroteRomeoandJuliet.________________________________________8.Thenewssurprisedtheteachers.________________________________________9.Myroommateisgoingtogivethepresentation.________________________________________10.Amechanicisrepairingmycarrightnow.________________________________________11.TerriblefloodsoccurredinPakistanrecently.nopassive12.Mycatdidn'tkillthebird.________________________________________13.TheunhappystudentwascryingsoftlyinthelobbywhenIcamein.nopassive14.Whiletheteacherwasexplainingpassivevoice,allofthestudentstooknotes.________________________________________15.Mybadnewsupsetmyparents.________________________________________16.Mygrandfatherdiedpeacefullyinhissleeplastyear.nopassive17.WorkersarebuildingseveralnewhighrisebuildingsinVancouverthisyear.________________________________________18.Westayedinawonderfulhotelnearthebeachlastyear.nopassive19.TeachersaregoingtogivefinalexaminationsonWednesdayandThursday.________________________________________20.Mostofthestudentsdidn'tdothehomework.________________________________________21.SeveralEnglishsoundsdon'toccurinmynativelanguage.nopassive22.IarrivedhomewhilemyhostmotherwaspreparingThanksgivingdinner.________________________________________23.ThepainterspaintedmyentireapartmentlastSaturday.________________________________________24.Isleptatmyfriend’shouselastnight.nopassive25.Myauntmadethisbeautifulrug.________________________________________26.Theassistantmanagerisgoingtointerviewmetomorrowafternoon.________________________________________27.Inthefairytale,aprincesskissedafrog.________________________________________28.Mostdriversdon'tobeythespeedlimitonthathighway.________________________________________29.Weateveryquicklybecausewewerelateforclass.nopassive30.PeoplegrowdeliciouscoffeeinBrazil.________________________________________31.Thesecretaryismakingcopiesoftheimportantdocuments.________________________________________32.Thejudgesaregoingtojudgetheapplic