unit12 漢譯英中從句的使用

Unit12漢譯英中從句的使用~lecture12~漢譯英中從句的使用英語復合句由主句和從句構(gòu)成，從句包括形容詞從句（adjectiveclause）、名詞從句（nounclause）和副詞從句（adverbialclause）。從句的使用是提高漢英水平的突破口。再有，是否使用英語復合句來翻譯，主要取決于原文的內(nèi)在含義，而不是其外在形式。使用形容詞從句進行漢譯英是，最基本的用法是對應(yīng)漢語“……的”的結(jié)構(gòu)，如“母親給她買的生日禮物”（thebirthdaypresenthermotherboughther）,“我童年時代生活的小村莊”（thesmallvillagewhereIspentmychildhood）,“剛才和你說話的小女孩”（thegirlwhowastalkingwithyoujustnow）,“他徹夜難眠的原因”（thereasonwhyheliesawakeallnight但是，這種漢英大體對應(yīng)的情況只會出現(xiàn)于英語形容詞從句修飾名詞的時候。如果英語形容詞從句修飾代詞、短語或句子，漢語往往要換用其它結(jié)構(gòu)。E.g.Helaughsthebestwholaughsthelast(誰笑在最后，誰笑得最美)；Shesaidshewasinatrafficjam,whichwasquitepossible.(她說路上堵車了，這倒有可能);Hetriedtopersuadehiswife,whichwasinvain.(他試圖說服妻子，但徒勞無益)；

只有擺脫漢語形式的束縛，把握其各個部分含義的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，才能在譯文中充分發(fā)揮形容詞從句的表達力。形容詞從句1.對此我確實無能為力。1）Ihavenopowertochangeit.2).Icanreallydonothingaboutit.3）ThereisreallynothingIcandoaboutit.4)Itisreallybeyondmypowertodoanythingaboutthis.2.我們的忍耐是有限度的。Ourtoleranceisnotunlimited.Ourtolerationhasalimit.Thereisalimittowhatwewilltolerate.Thereisonlysomuchwewillputupwith.3她不喜歡他那樣盯著她看。Shedoesn’tlikehimtostareatherlikethat.Shedoesn’tlikethewayhestaresather.4.他滔滔不絕地將一些我根本不感興趣的話題。HekepttalkingaboutsubjectsinwhichIhadnottheslightestinterest.HerattledawayaboutthingsIhadnointerestinatall.Hetalkednonstopaboutthingsthatdidnotinterestmeintheleast.Talkonandonaboutsomething.5.我想換個工作單位，在那里可以一切從新開始。IwanttochangemyjobsothatIcanstarteverythinganew.IwanttofindanotherjobwhereIcanstartalloveragain.IwanttochangetoanotherworkunitwhereIcanmakeafreshstart.IwanttofindanewjobwhereIcanstartafresh.6.從第一次見到他，我就知道這個人不易相處。FromthefirsttimeIsetmyeyesonhim,Iknewhewasadifficultmantogetalongwith.FromthetimeIfirstsawhim,Iknewhewasnoteasytogetalongwith.FromthemomentIlaideyesonhim,Iknewhewasnotamanonecouldgetalongwitheasily.7.總有一天他要為其所作所為付出代價。Somedayhewillpaythepriceforwhathehasdone.Thedaywillcomewhenhehastoreapwhathehassown.8.人際關(guān)系復雜是我不喜歡在那兒工作的原因之一。ComplicatedinterpersonalrelationshipwasoneofthereasonsIdidn’tlikeworkingthere.OneofthereasonsIdislikedworkingtherewasthecomplicatedrelationshipamongthestaff.IntricateinterpersonalrelationshipwasoneofthethingsIdidn’tlikeaboutworkingthere.9.不管遇到什么樣的困難，我們都有信心戰(zhàn)勝它們。Whatever(adverbialclause)difficultieswemayencounter,wehave(the)confidencetoovercomethem.Wehave(the)confidencetoovercomealldifficultiesthatmayarise.Weareconfidenttosurmountalldifficultiesthatmaycomeourway.

10.飲食中如果不含有人體健康和成長所需的營養(yǎng)成分，就會導致營養(yǎng)不良。Ifadietdoesnotcontainenoughnutrientsneededforhumanhealthandgrowth,malnutritionwillresult.Whenadietdoesnotcontainthenourishmentthebodyneedsforhealthandgrowth,itwillleadtomalnutrition.Anydietthatfailstoprovidenutrientsneededforhealthandgrowthcanleadtomalnutrition.11.他連著三天上班遲到，結(jié)果丟了工作。Hewaslateforworkforthreesuccessivedays,sohelosthisjob.Hegotfiredafterbeinglateforworkforthreedaysrunning.Hewaslateforworkthreedaysinarow,whichfinallycosthimhisjob.

12.不管父母怎么說，她依舊我行我素.Shekeptdoingthingsherwaynomatterwhatherparentssaid.Forallthatherparentssaid,shecarriedonjustlikebefore.Nothingherparentssaidcouldmakeherchangeherways.13.他竟然這樣恩將仇報，我們對此感到震驚。Weareshockedthatheshouldrepaykindnesswithsuchingratitude.Wearedismayedatthewayhereturnedevilforgood.14.他在上層有一些關(guān)系，正因為如此才官運亨通。Hehassomeupper-levelconnections,whichaccountsforhisrapidpromotion.Hehassomehigh-levelconnections,whichiswhyhehasbeenreceivingsuchrapidpromotions.Itishishigh-levelconnectionsthathaveenabledhimtoenjoyasuccessfulofficialcareer.Thankstohishigh-levelconnections,hehasenjoyedrapidadvancementinhiscareer.15.對于那些溺愛孩子，對孩子百依百順的家長，她頗不以為然。Sheisverycriticalofparentswhospoiltheirchildrenbysatisfyingtheireverywhim.Shedisapprovesofthepracticeofthoseparentswhopampertheirchildrenandcomplywithalltheirwhims.副詞從句副詞從句在整個句子中起狀語作用，一般劃分為九種：時間、地點、方式、比較、原因、結(jié)果、目的、讓步和條件。每種從句都有相應(yīng)的引導連詞，這些連詞可以是單字或者詞組。在很多情況下，從漢語復句中使用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，很容易找出對應(yīng)得英語關(guān)聯(lián)詞，已構(gòu)成副詞從句。e.g.只要他一進屋，她就不說話了。Shefellsilentwheneverhecameintotheroom.你一旦了解它們的處境，就會改變看法。Onceyouknowtheirplight,youwillchangeyouropinion.但漢英在表達形式上有差別。孩子們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該做作業(yè)，卻在玩兒電子游戲。Thechildrenareplayingvideogameswhentheyshouldbedoingtheirhomework.1.在我最需要你的時候，卻哪兒都找不到你。WhenIneededyouthemost,Icouldnotfindyouanywhere.YouarenowheretobefoundwhenIneedyoumost.2.我覺得最好別當老板心情惡劣時向他要求加薪。Ithinkyou’dbetternotaskthebossforapayrisewhenheisinabadmood.Idon’tthinkyoushouldaskthebossforapayincreasewhenheisinabadmood.Idon’tthinkitagoodideatoaskthebossforaraisewhenheisinasulkymood.3.萬事開頭難。Everythingisdifficultat(in)thebeginning.Thebeginningisthemostdifficultpartofanywork.Allthingsaredifficultbeforepartofanywork.4.茍富貴，勿相忘。Ifanyofusgetsrichandpowerfulsomeday,hemustnotforgetabouttheothers.Ifanyofusshouldattainwealthandrank(status)someday,hemustnotforgetaboutothers.5.父母越是貧困，孩子越是難以得到良好教育，這使整個家庭陷入惡性循環(huán)。Thepoorerparentsare,theharderitisfortheirchildrentogetagoodeducation,andthusthefamilyistrappedinaviciouscircle.Thepoorerparentsare,theharderitisfortheirchildrentogetagoodeducation,which

trapsthefamilyinaviciouscircle.6.他假裝什么事情都沒有發(fā)生。Hepretendedthatnothinghadhappened.Heactedasifnothinghadhappened.7.這對新人朗才女貌，真稱得上是天作之合。Itcantrulybesaidofthenewlywedsthattheirmarriageismadeinheaven,forheisastalentedassheisfair.Withherlooksandhisbrains,thisnewlymarriedcouplemakeaperfectmatch.8.是否真的像許多人認為的那樣，婚姻是愛情的墳墓？Ismarriagereallythetomboflove,asmanypeoplethink?Ismarriagereallytheendofromance,asmanypeoplethink?Doesmarriagereallymeananendofromance,asmanybelieve?Doesmarriagereallyputanendtoromanticlove,asmanyassume?Ismarriagereallythedeathknellofromance,asmanypresume?9.旅行比我們原先預計的多用了三天時間。Thejourneytookthreedayslongerthanwehadexpected.Thetriptookthreemoredaysthanwehadexpected.10.有些東西往往要等失去之后人們才知道珍惜。

Peopleoftenfailtoappreciatewhattheyhaveuntiltheyloseit.名詞從句名詞從句是在整個句子中起名詞作用的從句，它能夠當主語、賓語、表語、同位語等。要在漢譯英過程中使用名詞從句，在有些情況下比較容易，因為我們從漢語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中明顯看出哪個部分可譯為英語的名詞從句。e.g.1.他說的什么我一點都不明白。Whathesaidmadenosensetomeatall.2.我認為這個方案在經(jīng)濟上行不通。Ithinkthisplanisfinanciallyunfeasible.3.這是她起初和我們接觸的原因。Thisiswhyshegotintouchwithusinthefirstplace然而有些時候，我們無法用簡單的對應(yīng)方式來譯，而需要擺脫漢語形式的束縛，使用名詞從句給出一種甚至多種通順的譯法。4.這是你研究五年得出的結(jié)果？Isthistheresultofyourfive-yearresearch?Isthiswhatyouhavecomeupwithafterfiveyearsofresearch?5.想到他可能回來，她感到了一線希望。Thinkinghemightcomeback,shefeltaglimmerofhope.Thethoughtthathemightcomebackgaveheraglimmerofhope.句子翻譯練習1.我不知道你干嗎為這件小事生這么大的氣。Idon’tunderstandwhyyoushouldgetsoangryatsomethingsotrivial.Ihavenoideawhyyougotsoangryaboutsuchasmallmatter.Itbafflesmewhyyouhittheroofbecauseofsuchatriflingmatter/suchatrifle.

2.你知道你的錯誤給公司造成多大的損失嗎？Doyouknowhowmuchlossyourmistakehadbroughtthecompany?Doyouhaveanyideahowmuchyourmistakehascostthecompany?Doyourealizewhatheavylossesthecompanysufferedbecauseofyourmistake?3．如今孩子們心目中的超級英雄往往令其父母不敢恭維。1)Nowadaysthesuperheroesinchildren’seyesareoftenregardedwithdisapprovalbytheirparents.2)Nowadayswhatthechildrenregardassuperheroesareoftenlookeduponwithdistastebytheirparents.3)Today’sparentsusuallyhavealowopinionofwhattheirchildrenregardassuperheroes.4．前言中概括論述了讀者需要預先掌握什么知識才能透徹理解本書所探討的課題。1)Theintroductionoutlineswhatpriorknowledgeisrequiredofthereaderforathoroughunderstandingofthetopicstreatedinthebook.2)Theintroductionoutlinestheknowledgethereaderneedinadvanceinordertothoroughlyunderstandthetopicsdiscussedinthisbook.5.你必須認識到，你犯的一個小錯誤就可能使公司失去一個重要客戶。1)Youmustrealizethatourcompanycouldeasilyloseanimportantcustomerthroughasmallmistakeofyours.2)Youmustunderstandthatasmallmistakeonyourpartcouldcausethecompanytoloseanimportantclient.6．若需要任何物品進行公關(guān)活動，請?zhí)顚戇@張表格，向部門主管提出申請。1)Ifanythingisneededforapublicrelationscampaign,pleaseapplytotheheadofyourdepartmentbyfillingoutthisform.2)Whateveryouneedforpublicrelationspurposes,pleasefilloutthisformandsubmitittothesupervisorofyourdepartment.3)ToapplyforwhateveritemsareneededforaPRexercise,pleasefilloutthisformandsubmitittothedepartmentchief.7．他們來不來我根本無所謂。1)Icouldn’tcarelesswhethertheycome.2)Whethertheycamemakesnodifferencetome.3)Itmakesnodifferencetomewhethertheycome.8．這些研究表明，一個人是否曾得到父母經(jīng)常性的夸獎對其生活有著重要的影響。1)Thesestudiesindicatethateveryperson’slifeislargelyshapedbywhetherheorshereceivedparentalpraise.2)Thesestudiesleavenodoubtthatwhetheronereceivedfrequentparentalpraisehasagreatinfluenceonone’slife.3)Asshownbythesestudies,aperson’slifeisdeeplyaffectedbywhetherheorsheoftenreceivedparentalpraise.9.你可以按照最適合你的方式，選擇用現(xiàn)金，支票或者信用卡支付。1)Youcanchoosetopayinthewaywhichismostsuitableforyou----incash,bycheckorcreditcard.2)Youcanpayincash,bycheckorcreditcard----whicheversuitsyoubest.

10.雖然沒有人說話，但大家心照不宣：這件事只有打官司解決。1)Noonesaidanything,butitwasunderstoodthattheyhadtotakelegalactiontoresolvethematter.2)Thoughnoonesaidanything,thetacitunderstandingwasthattheywouldhavetogotocourtoverthematter.11.家長滿足孩子的一切要求，實際上就是在毀滅他們的前程。Parentsareactuallyruiningtheirchildren’sfuturebygivingthemwhatevertheywant.Bygrantingtheireverywish,parentsareactuallyruiningtheirchildren’sfuture.12.她連續(xù)三次被提名為年度最佳女歌手并非偶然。ItisnotbychancethatshehasbeennominatedasBestFemaleSingeroftheYearthreetimesrunning.ItisnotaccidentalthatshehasbeennominatedforBestFemaleSingeroftheYearthreetimesinsuccession/inarow.13.他得到那份工作的可能性不大。Itdoesn’tseemlikelythathewillgetthejob.Hedoesnotseemtostandmuchofachanceofgettingthatjob.Thereseemstobelittlelikelihoodthathewillgetthejob.Theoddsarethathewon’tgetthejob.Thereseemstobeheavyoddsagainsthisgettingthejob.Chancesarethathewon’tgetthejob.14.諸如抽煙或者酗酒這樣的壞習慣是否導致戀愛或婚姻破裂，在很大程度上要取決于此人是何時養(yǎng)成這個習慣的。Whetherbadhabitssuchassmokingoralcoholismwillleadtothebreak-upofaromanticormaritalrelationshipdependsmainlyonwhenthepersonfirstgetsintothosehabits.Whetherornotabadhabitsuchassmokingorexcessivedrinkingwilldisruptaromanceormarriageislargelydeterminedbywhenoneofthepartnersfirstacquiresthathabit.15.孩子看上什么家長就會給買什么。Parentswillbuywhatevercatchestheirchildren’sfancy.Whateverchildrentakea