2019-2023 年全國碩士研究生招生考試英語（二）共五套合集【含答案及解析】

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年全國碩士研究生招生考試英語（二）合集

2019年全國碩士研究生招生考試英語（二）（科目代碼：204）☆考生注意事項☆1.答題前，考生須在試題冊指定位置上填寫考生編號和考生姓名；在答題卡指定位置上填寫報考單位、考生姓名和考生編號,并涂寫考生編號信息點。2.考生須把試題冊上的“試卷條形碼

”粘貼條取下，粘貼在答題卡的“試卷條形碼粘貼位置

”框中。不按規(guī)定粘貼條形碼而影響評卷結(jié)果的，責(zé)任由

考生自負(fù)。3.選擇題的答案必須涂寫在答題卡相應(yīng)題號的選項上，非選擇題的答案必須書寫在答題卡指定位置的邊框區(qū)域內(nèi)。超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效；在

草稿紙、試題冊上答題無效。4.填（書）寫部分必須使用黑色字跡簽字筆書寫，字跡工整、筆跡清楚；涂寫部分必須使用

2B鉛筆填涂。5.考試結(jié)束，將答題卡和試題冊按規(guī)定交回。（以下信息考生必須認(rèn)真填寫）考生編號考生姓名2019年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語（二）試題SectionI

UseofEnglishDirections:Read

the

following

text.

Choose

thebest

word

(s)

for

each

numberedblank

and

markA,B,CorDontheANSWER

SHEET.(10

points)Weighing

yourself

regularly

is

a

wonderful

way

to

stay

aware

ofany

significant

weight

fluctuations.

1,whendone

too

often,this

habit

can

sometimes

hurt

more

thanit

2As

for

me,

weighing

myselfevery

day

caused

me

to

shift

my

focus

from

being

generally

healthy

andphysically

active,

to

focusing

3on

the

scale.

Thatwas

badto

my

overallfitness

goals.

I

had

gained

weightin

the

form

of

muscle

mass,

butthinking

only

of4the

number

on

the

scale,

I

altered

my

training

program.

ThatconflictedwithhowIneededtotrainto5my

goals.I

also

found

that

weighing

myselfdaily

did

not

provide

an

accurate6of

thehard

work

and

progress

I

was

making

in

the

gym.

It

takes

about

three

weeks

to

amonth

to

notice

significant

changesin

your

weight7

altering

your

trainingprogram.Themost8changes

willbe

observed

in

skill

level,

strength

and

incheslost.For

these9,I

stopped

weighing

myself

every

day

andswitchedtoabimonthly

weighing

schedule10.

Sinceweightloss

isnotmy

goal,itis

lessimportant

forme

to

11

my

weight

eachweek.

Weighing

every

other

week

allows

me

to

observe

and12any

significant

weight

changes.That

tells

me

whether

Ineedto

13my

trammg

program.Iuse

my

bimonthly

weigh-in

14

toget

information

about

my

nutrition

as

well.

If

my

training

intensity

remains

thesame,

butI'mconstantly15anddropping

weight,thisisa16thatIneedtoincreasemy

daily

caloric

intake.The17to

stop

weighing

myselfevery

day

has

done

wonders

for

my

overallhealth,

fitness

andwell-being.I'mexperiencing

increasedzeal

forworking

outsince

Inolongercarrytheburdenof

a18morning

weigh-in.I'vealsoexperiencedgreater

successin

achieving

my

specific

fitness

goals,19I'm

training

according

tothosegoals,notthenumbersonascale.Rather

than20over

the

scale,

tum

yourfocus

to

how

you

look,feel,

howyourclothesfitandyour

overallenergy

level.英語（二）試題.

1

.

(共

14

頁）1.

[A]

Besides[B]

Therefore[C]

Otherwise[D]

However2.

[A]

helps[B]

cares[C]

warns[D]

reduces3.

[A]initially[B]

solely[C]

occasionally[D]

formally4.

[A]recording[B]

lowering[C]

explaining[D]

accepting5.

[A]

modify[B]

set[C]review[D]

reach6.

[A]

definition[B]

depiction[C]

distribution[D]prediction7.

[A]

dueto[B]

regardlessof[C]

asidefrom[D]

alongwith8.

[A]

orderly[B]

rigid[C]precise[D]

immediate9.

[A]

claims[B]

judgments[C]

reasons[D]

methods10.

[A]

instead[B]

though[C]

again[D]

indeed11.

[A]

track[B]

overlook[C]

conceal[D]

report12.

[A]

dependon[B]

approveof[C]holdonto[D]

accountfor13.

[A]

share[B]

adjust[C]confim[D]

prepare14.

[A]

results[B]

features[C]

rules[D]

tests15.

[A]

bored[B]

anxious[C]

hungry[D]

sick16.

[A]principle[B]

secret[C]belief[D]

sign17.

[A]

request[B]

necessity[C]

decision[D]

wish18.

[A]

disappointing[B]

surprising[C]restricting[D]

consuming19.

[A]

if[B]

unless[C]until[D]

because20.

[A]

obsessing[B]

dominating[C]puzzling[D]triumphingSectionII

ReadingComprehensionPart

ADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,

CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

(40points

)英語（二）試題.

2

.

(共

14

頁）Text1Unlikeso-called

basicemotionssuchas

sadness,fear,and

anger,guiltemergesa

little

later,inconjunctionwithachild'sgrowing

graspof

socialandmoralnorms.

Children

aren't

born

knowing

how

to

say

"I'm

sorry";

rather,

they

learn

over

time

that

such

statements

appeaseparentsandfriendsand

theirown

consciences.

This

is

why

researchers

generally

regard

so-called

moralguilt,

in

the

right

amount,

to

beagood

thing.Inthe

popularimagination,ofcourse,guiltstillgetsabadrap.Itisdeeply

uncomfortableit'stheemotionalequivalentof

wearing

ajacketweightedwithstones.

Yet

this

understanding

isoutdated."There

hasbeena

kind

of

revival

or

arethinking

about

what

guilt

is

and

what

role

guilt

can

serve,"

says

Amrisha

Yaish,

apsychology

researcher

at

theUniversity

ofVirginia,

adding

thatthis

revival

ispart

ofa

larger

recognition

that

emotions

aren't

binaryfeelings

that

may

be

advantageousin

one

contextmay

beharmful

in

another.Jealousy

and

anger,

for

example,

may

have

evolvedtoalertustoimportantinequalities.Too

muchhappinesscanbe

destructive.Andguilt,by

prompting

ustothink

more

deeply

about

our

goodness,canencourage

humans

to

make

up

for

errors

and

fix

relationships.

Guilt,

in

other

words,canhelpholdacooperative

speciestogether.It

is

a

kind

of

social

glue.Viewedin

this

light,

guilt

is

an

opportunity.

Workby

Tina

Malti,a

psychology

professorat

the

University

of

Toronto,suggeststhatguiltmay

compensateforan

emotional

deficiency.

In

a

number

ofstudies,

Malti

and

others

have

shown

that

guilt

and

sympathy

may

representdifferent

pathways

to

cooperation

andsharing.Somekids

who

are

low

in

sympathy

may

make

up

for

that

shortfall

by

experiencing

more

guilt,

which

can

rein

in

their

nastier

impulses.

And

vice

versa:High

sympathy

can

substituteforlow

guilt.Ina2014study,forexample,Maltilookedat244children.Using

caregiverassessments

and

the

children's

self-observations,

she

rated

each

child's

overallsympathy

level

andhisorher

tendency

tofeelnegativeemotions

aftermoraltransgressions.

Thenthe

kids

were

handed

chocolate

coins,andgiven

a

chance

toshare

them

with

an

anonymous

child.

For

the

low-sympathy

kids,

how

much

they

shared

appearedtotumonhow

inclined

they

were

to

feelguilty.The

guilt-prone

ones

shared

more,eventhoughthey

hadn't

magically

become

moresympathetic

to

the

otherchild'sdeprivation."That'sgoodnews,

"

Malti

says.

"We

canbeprosocialbecause

we

caused

harmandwefeelregret."英語（二）試題.

3

.

(共

14

頁）21.Researchersthinkthatguiltcanbeagood

thingbecause

it

mayhelp.[A]

regulateachild'sbasicemotions[B]

improveachild'sintellectualability[C]

fosterachild'smoral

development[D]

intensifyachild'spositivefeelings22.

AccordingtoParagraph2,many

peoplestillconsiderguilt

tobe.[A]

deceptive[B]

burdensome[C]

addictive[D]

inexcusable23.

Yaish

holdsthattherethinking

aboutguiltcomesfrom

anawarenessthat.[A]

emotions

arecontext-independent[B]

emotionsaresocially

constructive[C]

emotionalstabilitycanbenefithealth[D]

anemotioncanplay

opposingroles24.Maltiandothershaveshownthatcooperationandsharing[A]

mayhelpcorrectemotionaldeficiencies[B]

canresultfromeithersympathy

orguilt[C]

canbringaboutemotionalsatisfaction[D]

maybetheoutcomeof

impulsiveacts25.Theword"transgressions"

(Line4,Para.5)

isclosestin

meaningto[A]

teachings[B]

discussions[C]

restnct10ns[D]

wrongdoings英語（二）試題.

4

.

(共

14

頁）Text2Forests

give

us

shade,

quiet

and

one

oftheharder

challenges

in

the

fight

against

climate

change.

Even

as

we

humans

count

on

forests

to

soak

up

a

good

share

ofthe

carbon

dioxide

we

produce,

weare

threatening

theirability

todoso.

The

climatechange

we

are

hastening

could

one

day

leave

us

with

forests

that

emit

more

carbon

thanthey

absorb.Thankfully,

there

is

a

way

outof

this

trapbutitinvolvesstriking

asubtlebalance.

Helping

forests

flourish

as

valuable

"carbon

sinks"

long

into

the

future

may

requirereducing

theircapacity

toabsorbcarbonnow.

Californiais

leading

theway,

asitdoesonsomany

climateefforts,infiguring

outthedetails.The

state'sproposedForest

Carbon

Plan

aims

to

double

efforts

to

thin

outyoung

trees

and

clear

brush

in

parts

ofthe

forest.

This

temporarily

lowers

carbon-carrying

capacity.

But

the

remaining

trees

draw

a

greater

share

of

the

available

moisture,

so

they

growandthrive,restoring

theforest'scapacitytopullcarbonfrom

the

air.Healthy

trees

are

also

better

able

to

fend

off

insects.

The

landscape

is

rendered

less

easily

burnable.Evenintheeventof

afire,

fewertrees

are

consumed.The

need

for

such

planning

is

increasingly

urgent.

Already,

since

2010,

drought

and

insects

have

killed

over100

million

treesin

California,

most

of

them

in

2016

alone,andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsof

thousandsof

acres.California

plans

to

treat

35,

000

acres

offorest

a

year

by

2020,

and

60,000

by

2030financed

from

the

proceeds

of

thestate's

emissions-permit

auctions.

That's

only

a

small

share

ofthe

total

acreage

that

couldbenefit,

abouthalfa

million

acres

in

all,

soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffire

or

drought.The

strategy

also

aims

to

ensure

that

carbon

in

woody

material

removed

fromthe

forests

is

locked

away

in

the

form

ofsolidlumber

orburnedasbiofuel

invehicles

that

would

otherwise

run

on

fossil

fuels.

New

research

on

transportation

biofuels

is

already

underway.Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanaging

forests,buttraditionally

they've

focused

onwildlife,watershedsandopportunities

forrecreation.

Only

recently

havethey

cometosee

thevitalpart

forests

willhave

toplay

in

storing

carbon.California's

plan,

which

is

expected

tobe

finalized

by

the

governor

next

year,

should

serveas

amodel.英語（二）試題.

5

.

(共

14

頁）26.By

saying"oneof

theharderchallenges,"theauthor

impliesthat.[A]

global

climate

change

may

get

out

of

control[B]

peoplemay

misunderstandglobal

warn血g[C]

extremeweatherconditionsmayarise[D]

forestsmay

becomeapotential

threat27.To

maintainforestsasvaluable"carbon

sinks,"wemay

needto.[A]

preservethediversityof

speciesinthem[B]

acceleratethegrowthofyoungtrees[C]

strikeabalanceamongdifferent

plants[D]

lowertheirpresentcarbon-absorbingcapacity28.California'sForestCarbonPlan

endeavorsto[A]

cultivatemoredrought-resistanttrees[B]

reduce

the

density

of

some

of

its

forests[C]

findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsects[D]

restoreitsforestsquickly

after

wildfires29.WhatisessentialtoCalifornia'splanaccordingtoParagraph5?[A]

To

handletheareasinseriousdangerfirst.[B]

To

carryitoutbeforetheyearof

2020.[C]

To

perfect

the

emissions-permit

auctions.[D]

Toobtainenoughfinancialsupport.30.Theauthor'sattitudetoCalifornia'splancanbestbe

describedas.[A]

ambiguous[B]

tolerant[C]

supportive[D]

cautious英語（二）試題.

6

.

(共

14

頁）Text3American

farmers

have

been

complaining

of

labor

shortages

for

several

years.

The

complaints

areunlikely

to

stopwithoutanoverhaulof

immigration

rulesforfarm

workers.Congresshasobstructedeffortstocreateamorestraightforward

visa

for

agriculturalworkers

thatwould

let

foreignworkers

stay

longerinthe

U.S.

and

change

jobs

within

the

industry.

If

this

doesn't

change,

American

businesses,

communities,andconsumers

willbethe

losers.Perhaps

halfofU.

S.

farm

laborers

are

undocumented

immigrants.

As

fewer

suchworkers

enter

the

country,

the

characteristics

oftheagricultural

workforce

are

changing.

Today's

farm

laborers,

while

still

predominantly

born

in

Mexico,

are

more

likely

to

besettled

rather

than

migrating

and

morelikely

to

be

married

than

single.They're

also

aging.

At

the

start

ofthis

century,

aboutone-third

ofcrop

workers

wereovertheage

of

35

.

Nowmorethanhalf

are.Andpicking

crops

ishardonolderbodies.

One

oft-debated

cure

for

this

labor

shortage

remains

as

implausible

as

it's

been

allalong

:NativeU.S.

workerswon'tbereturning

tothefarm.Mechanization

isn't

theanswer,eithernotyet,atleast.Productionof

com,cotton,rice,

soybeans,

andwheat

has

been

largely

mechanized,but

many

high-value,labor-intensivecrops,such

as

strawberries,

need

labor.Evendairy

farms,whererobotsdo

asmallshareof

milking,have

along

way

to

gobefore

they're

automated.As

aresult,farmshavegrownincreasingly

reliantontemporary

guest

workers

using

the

H-2A

visa

to

fill

the

gaps

in

the

workforce.

Starting

around20

12,requests

for

the

visas

rosesharply;from

20

11

to20

16

the

number

of

visasissued

more

than

doubled.

The

H-2A

visa

has

no

numerical

cap,

unlike

the

H-2B

visa

for

nonagriculturalwork,

which

is

limited

to

66,000

a

year.

Even

so,

employers

complain

they

aren't

given

all

the

workers

they

need.

The

process

is

cumbersome,

expensive,

andunreliable.

One

survey

foundthatbureaucratic

delaysledthe

averageH-2Aworkertoarrive

onthe

job

22days

late.

Theshortage

iscompoundedby

federalimmigrationraids,whichremove

some

workers

anddrive

othersunderground.In

a

20

12

survey,

71percentof

tree-fruitgrowers

andalmost

80percent

of

raisinandberrygrowerssaidthey

were

short

oflabor.Some

westernfarmers

haveresponded

by

moving

operations

to

Mexico.

From

1998to

2000,

14.5

percent

ofthefruitAmericans

consumedwas

imported.

Little

more

thana

decade

later,the

share

of

importswas25.8

percent.Ineffect,theU.S.

canimportfood

oritcanimporttheworkerswho

pick

it.英語（二）試題.

7

.

(共

14

頁）31.Whatproblemshouldbeaddressedaccording

tothefirsttwo

paragraphs?[A]

DiscriminationagainstforeignworkersintheU.S.[B]

Biasedlawsinfavorof

someAmericanbusinesses.[C]

FlawsinU.S.immigrationrulesforfarmworkers.[D]

DeclineofjobopportunitiesinU.S.agriculture.32.OnetroublewithU.S.agricultural

workforceis.[A]

therising

numberof

illegal

immigrants[B]

thehighmobilityof

cropworkers[C]

thelackof

experiencedlaborers[D]

the

aging

of

immigrantfarmworkers33.Whatisthemuch-arguedsolutiontothelaborshortagein

U.S.farming?[A]

Toattractyoungerlaborerstofarmwork.[B]

To

getnativeU.S.workersbacktofarming.[C]

To

usemorerobotstogrowhigh-valuecrops.[D]

Tostrengthenfinancialsupportforfarmers.34.AgriculturalemployerscomplainabouttheH-2Avisaforits.[A]

slowgranting

procedures[B]

limitonduration

of

stay[C]

tightenedrequirements[D]

controlof

annualadm1ss10ns35.Whichof

thefollowing

couldbethebesttitleforthistext?[A]

U.S.Agriculturein

Decline?[B]

ImportFoodorLabor?[C]

AmericaSavedbyMexico?[D]

Manpowervs.

Automation?英語（二）試題.

8

.

(共

14

頁）Text4Arnold

Schwarzenegger,

DiaMirza

andAdrian

Grenierhave

a

message

foryou:It'seasy

tobeatplastic.They're

part

ofa

bunch

of

celebrities

starring

in

a

new

videofor

World

Environment

Day

encouragingyou,theconsumer,toswapoutyoursingle-useplasticstapleslikestrawsandcutlery

to

combattheplastics

crisis.The

key

messages

that

have

been

put

together

for

World

Envirornnent

Day

do

include

a

call

for

governmentsto

enact

legislation

to

curb

single-use

plastics.

But

theoverarchingmessageisdirectedatindividuals.My

concernwith

leaving

itupto

the

individual,

however,

is

our

limited

sense

ofwhatneeds

tobe

achieved.

On

their

own,

taking

our

own

bags

to

the

grocery

store

orquittingplastic

straws,

for

example,

will

accomplish

little

andrequirevery

little

of

us.

They

could

evenbe

detrimental,

satisfying

aneedtohave

"done

our

bit"

without

ever

progressing

onto

bigger,

bolder,

more

effective

actionsa

kind

of"moral

licensing"thatallays

ourconcerns

andstopsusdoingmoreandasking

more

of

those

in

charge.While

the

conversation

around

our

envirornnent

and

our

responsibility

toward

it

remains

centered

on

shopping

bags

and

straws,

we're

ignoring

the

balance

ofpowerthat

implies

that

as

"consumers"

we

must

shop

sustainably,

rather

than

as

"citizens"

holdourgovernmentsandindustriestoaccountto

push

for

real

systemicchange.It'simportantto

acknowledgethatthe

environmentisn't

everyone's

priority

or

even

most

people's.We

shouldn't

expectitto

be.Inherlatest

book,

Why

GoodPeople

Do

Bad

EnvironmentalThings,Wellesley

CollegeprofessorElizabethR.DeSombrearguesthatthebestway

tocollectively

changethebehavioroflargenumbersof

peopleisforthechange

tobestructural.This

might

mean

implementing

policy

such

as

a

plastic

tax

that

adds

a

cost

to

environmentally

problematic

action,

or

banning

single-use

plastics

altogether.

Indiahasjust

announced

it

will

"eliminate

all

single-use

plastic

in

the

country

by

2022."There

are

also

incentive-based

ways

ofmaking

better

environmental

choices

easier,suchas

ensuringrecyclingis

at

least

as

easy

astrash

disposal.DeSombreisn'tsayingpeople

should

stop

caring

aboutthe

environment.It's

just

that

individual

actions

aretoo

slow,

she

says,

for

thattobe

the

only,

or

evenprimary,approachtochangingwidespreadbehavior.None

of

this

is

aboutwriting

off

the

individual.It's

just

aboutputting

things

into

perspective.

We

don't

have

time

to

wait.

We

need

progressive

policies

that

shape

collective

action

(and

rein

in

polluting

businesses),

alongside

engaged

citizenspushingfor

change.英語（二）試題.

9

.

(共

14

頁）38.By

pointing

outouridentity"citizens",theauthor

indicatesthat.[A]

ourfocus

shouldbeshiftedtocommunity

welfare[B]

ourrelationshipwithlocalindustriesis

improving[C]

wehavebeenactively

exercising

ourcivilrights[D]

weshouldpressourgovernmenttoleadthecombat39.DeSombrearguesthatthebestway

foracollectivechange

shouldbe.[A]

awin-winarrangement[B]

a

self-drivenmechanism[C]

acost-effectiveapproach[D]

atop-downprocess40.Theauthorconcludesthatindividualefforts[A]

canbetooaggressive[B]

canbetooinconsistent[C]

arefarfrom

sufficient[D]

arefarfrom

rational37.Theauthorisconcernedthat"morallicensing"may

.[A]

misleadusintodoing

worthlessthings[B]

preventusfrommaking

further

efforts[C]

weakenoursenseof

accomplishment[D]

suppressourdesire

for

success36.Somecelebritiesstarina

new

videoto[A]

demandnewlawsontheuse

ofplastics

[B]

urgeconsumerstocuttheuse

ofplastics[C]

invitepublicopinionontheplasticscrisis

[D]

disclosethecausesof

theplasticscrisis英語（二）試題.

10

.

(共

14

頁）Part

BDirections:Read

the

following

text

and

match

each

ofthe

numbereditems

intheleft

columntoits

coresponding

information

in

the

right

column.There

are

two

extra

choices

in

therightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Inchoosing

anewhome,CamilleMcClain'skidshaveasingle

demand:abackyard.McClain'slittle

onesaren'tthe

only

kidswho

have

an

opinion

when

it

comes

tohousing,

and

in

many

cases

youngsters'

views

weigh

heavily

on

parents'

real

estatedecisions,according

toa2018HarrisPollsurvey

of

morethan2,000

U.S.

adults.Whilemore

familiesbuckan

older-generationproclivityto

leave

kids

in

thedarkabout

real

estate

decisions,

realty

agents

and

psychologists

have

mixed

views

aboutthefinancial,personalandlong-termeffectskids'opinionsmay

have.The

idea

of

involving

children

in

a

big

decision

is

a

great

idea

because

it

canhelp

them

feel

a

sense

of

control

and

ownership

in

what

can

be

an

overwhelming

process,saidRyanHooper,clinicalpsychologistinChicago."Children

may

faceseriousdifficultiesin

coping

withsignificant

moves,especially

if

itremovesthemfromtheircurrentschoolorsupport

system,"he

said.Greg

Jaroszewski,real

estatebroker

with

Gagliardo

Realty

Associates,

said

he'snot

convinced

that

kids

should

be

involved

in

selecting

a

home

but

their

opinionsshouldbeconsidered

in

regards

toproximity

to

friends

and

social

activities,

if

possible.Younger

children

should

feel

likethey're

choosing

theirhomewithoutactually

getting

a

choice

in

the

matter,

said

Adam

Bailey,

real

estate

attorney

based

in

NewYork.Asking

themquestionsabout

what

they

likeabout

the

backyard

of

a

potentialhomewillmakethem

feel

likethey'rebeing

included

inthe

decision-making

process,Bailey

said.Many

of

theaspectsof

homebuying

aren'taconsiderationforchildren,saidTracey

Hampson,

a

real

estate

agent

based

in

Santa

Clarita,

Calif.

And

placing

toomuchemphasisontheiropinionscanruinafantastichomepurchase."Speaking

with

your

children

before

you

make

a

real

estate

decision

is

wise,

butIwouldn'tbasethepurchasing

decisionsolely

ontheiropinions."Hampson

said.Theotherissueisthatmany

childrenespecially

olderonesmay

basetheirreal英語（二）試題.

11

.

(共

14

頁）stateknowledgeonHGTVshows,saidAaronNorrisof

TheNorrisGroup

inRiverside,Calif."They

loveChip