福建省三明市五縣聯(lián)合質(zhì)檢2023-2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題【含答案解析】

2023-2024學(xué)年第一學(xué)期五縣聯(lián)合質(zhì)檢考試高二英語(yǔ)試卷第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whattimeisitnow?A.7:30.B.8:50.C.9:00.2.Howmanycakeswillthewomanpayfor?A.2.B.4.C.6.3.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Offeringadvice.B.Askingforhelp.C.Expressingthanks.4.Whatwillthewomantake?A.Hamburgers.B.Hotdogs.C.Fruitsalad.5.Whereistheman?A.Atanairport.B.Atatrainstation.C.Atatravelagency.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.HowdidXiaosavemoney?A.Bybuyingnoclothes.B.Bysharingfoodwithfriends.C.Bybuyingsecond-handhouses.7.WhendidXiaobuyherfirsthouse?A.Attheageof18.B.Attheageof27.C.Attheageof33.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Howlonghasthewomanworkedonthefarm?A.Aboutfouryears.B.Aboutfiveyears.C.Abouteightyears.9.Whoassiststhewomanwiththefarmwork?A.Herfriends.B.Herrelatives.C.Thelocalfarmers.10.Whatdoesthemanoffertodo?A.Findmorehelpers.B.Pickappleshimself.C.Lendthewomanhisrobots.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Startweighttraining.B.Joinabasketballteam.C.Playbasketballwithhisfriends.12.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Husbandandwife.B.Doctorandpatient.C.Instructorandplayer.13.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemandoing?A.Cuttingbackonfood.B.Havingaphysicalcheck.C.Findingafitnessinstructor.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Whatdoesthemanthinkofjazz?A.Unpopular.B.Noisy.C.Difficult.15.Whatinstrumentdoesthemanlikebest?A.Thepiano.B.Thedrums.C.Thebass.16Whatwillthemanengageinthisweekend?A.Amusicshow.B.Ajazzclass.C.Bandpractice.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whyhasthelakebecomefamousinrecentyears?A.It’sintroducedinbooks.B.Asportsgameisheldthere.C.Asingersingsasongaboutit.18.Wheredidthejourneystart?A.Ontheeasternshore.B.Onthefrozensurface.C.Fromabovethelake.19.Whatattractsrunnerstothelake?A.Thewidespace.B.Thebeautifullandscape.C.Thecoldweather.20.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.ExtremeweatherinSiberia.BThebesttimetovisitLakeBaikal.C.Theloneliestmarathonintheworld.第二部分閱讀理解(共2節(jié))第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。A1.TravelHi!I’mamedicalstudentandworkinLondononSundays.Ineedalift.Istartworkat7:30andImustn’tbelate,butIhaven’tgottransport.I'mhappytosharethecostofpetrol.Ilikerockmusicandcomputergames.Textorphone07777531245anytime.Elena2.ContactsAreyouself-confident?Doyoulikemeetingnewpeople?IwanttogotoAustraliainthesummerandworkthere,thenvisitsomeothercountries.IlikeplayingbasketballandIenjoydancing.Doyouwanttocomewithme?EmailAdrianAB@.3.AccommodationI’mafirst-yearartstudentandwanttoshareaflatorhouseinthecitycenter.Icanpayupto$300amonth.Ilikeshoppingandgoingout.Idon’tenjoylivinginthestudenthostel.Ifyousharemylifestyleandhavesomespaceatyourplace,phoneCarola:078793456214.ContactsDoesanyonehavefriendsinPortugalorBrazil?I’mamodernlanguagesstudentandIwanttohaveane-mailpenfriendwhospeaksPortuguese.Ilikeswimmingandpopmusic.I’mnotaseriousperson.Iliketopartywithmyfriends.WritetoHenry.happyfoot@.5.AccommodationI’vegotasmallhousenearthecampusandIwanttoshareitwithoneotherperson.Youmustbetidy.Ilikeplayingchessandlisteningtoclassicalmusic.I’mafinal-yearphysicsstudent.ComeandseetheroomonSaturdaymorning.Maggie,142Bennettroad(behindtheScienceFacultybuilding).1.WhydidElenapostonStudentsSpace?A.Tofindsomeonewhohasthesameinterests.B.Tosharesomeinformationaboutmusic.C.Tolookforapart-timeweekendjob.D.Toasksomeonetogiveheralift.2.Whatshouldyoudoifyouwanttotravelabroadwithanewfriend?ACall07777531245 B.Call07879345621C.EmailAdrianAB23@ D.EmailHenry.happyfoot@3.WhatdoCarolaandMaggiehaveincommon?A.TheyarefreetomeetpeopleonSaturday.B.Theyhavethesamepurposeforposting.C.Theysharethesamehobbies.D.Theyarefinal-yearstudents.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要是五位學(xué)生在學(xué)生空間的發(fā)帖?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)1.Travel中的“Ineedalift.Istartworkat7:30andImustn’tbelate,butIhaven’tgottransport.I'mhappytosharethecostofpetrol.(我需要搭車(chē)。我7:30開(kāi)始工作，我不能遲到，但是我沒(méi)有交通工具。)”可知，埃琳娜會(huì)在學(xué)生空間發(fā)帖是想找人讓她搭便車(chē)。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)2.Contacts中的“IwanttogotoAustraliainthesummerandworkthere,thenvisitsomeothercountries.(我想在夏天去澳大利亞，在那里工作，然后參觀一些其他國(guó)家。)”可知，如果你想和一個(gè)新朋友出國(guó)旅游，你應(yīng)該發(fā)電子郵件給AdrianAB@。故選C。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)3.Accommodation中的“I’mafirst-yearartstudentandwanttoshareaflatorhouseinthecitycenter.(我是一名藝術(shù)專(zhuān)業(yè)的大一學(xué)生，想在市中心合租公寓或房子。)”和5.Accommodation中的“I’vegotasmallhousenearthecampusandIwanttoshareitwithoneotherperson.(我在學(xué)校附近有一間小房子，我想和另一個(gè)人合住。)”可知，卡羅拉和麥琪共同之處都是找人合租房子，所以其發(fā)帖目的相同。故選B。BGeorgeShullwasbornin1874onafarminClarkCounty,Ohio,andhisknowledgeofplantsandhybridscameatanearlyage.Beingneededonthefarm,Shullreceivedhisearlyformaleducationoffandon.However,itwassupplemented(增補(bǔ))byintensehomestudysothatby1892,hewasteachingpublicschool,andlaterattendingAntiochCollege.In1901,hegraduatedfromAntiochandwenttotheUniversityofChicagotodograduatework.Withhisknowledgeofbotany(植物學(xué))andexperiencewithfarmingpractices,ShullpassedaCivilServiceexam,andwasappointedasabotanicalassistantattheU.S.NationalHerbarium.HealsoworkedattheU.S.BureauofPlantIndustryasabotanicalexpertexaminingtheplantsandanimalsofChesapeakeBayandCurrituckSound.ThedatahecollectedduringthistimewastocomprisehisPh.D.thesis(論文).Andin1904hewasappointedtobeinchargeofplantworkattheStationforExperimentalEvolution.Hebeganworkingoncornin1905.FollowingGregorMendel’sexample,Shullobtainedpure-bred(純種的)linesofcornthroughself-pollination.Thepure-bredlineswerelesshealthyandproductive,butwhenhecrossedthepure-bredlines,thehybridyieldswerebetterthananyoftheparentsorthosepollinatedintheopenfields.Heimmediatelyrecognizedthepotentialforusingthisstrategytoimprovecropyields.In1915,ShullacceptedaprofessorshipatPrincetonUniversity.Withhisencouragement,PrincetonUniversityPressbeganthepublicationofanewjournal,Genetics.Shullwasthemanagingeditorfortenyears.Geneticsisstilloneofthetopinternationalsciencejournals.Shullretiredin1942.Heandhiswifespentmostoftheirlateryearswiththeirchildrenandgrandchildren.4.WhatdoweknowaboutShullbeforegraduatingfromAntioch?A.Hehadbegunhisworkoncorn. B.HehadexaminedtheplantsofChesapeakeBay.C.HehadpassedaCivilServiceexam. D.Hehadhadsomeexperienceofteaching.5.Whatistherightchronological(按時(shí)間先后的)orderofthefollowingfactsaboutShull?①Shullwasbornin1874onafarminClarkCounty,Ohio.②ShullwasappointedasabotanicalassistantattheU.S.NationalHerbarium③ShulltookchargeofplantworkattheStationforExperimentalEvolution.④ShullgraduatedfromAntiochcollegein1901.⑤Shullobtainedpure-bred(純種的)linesofcornthroughself-pollination.⑥ShullacceptedaprofessorshipatPrincetonUniversityA.④②③① B.①②⑥⑤ C.④②③⑤ D.①③⑥⑤6.WhatwassospecialaboutShull’smethodofcornbreeding?A.ItwasfirstpublishedinGenetics. B.Itcompletelyreliedonself-pollination.C.ItwasmainlywidelyacceptedinOhio. D.Itfocusedoncrossingpure-bredlines.7.Whattypeofwritingisthistext?A.Abiography. B.Anovel. C.Abookreview. D.Anewsreport.【答案】4.D5.C6.D7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。主要簡(jiǎn)述了GeorgeShull的一生事跡以及他所取得的成就?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段中的“However,itwassupplemented(增補(bǔ))byintensehomestudysothatby1892,hewasteachingpublicschool,andlaterattendingAntiochCollege.(然而，他又通過(guò)認(rèn)真的家庭學(xué)習(xí)加以補(bǔ)充，到1892年，他在公立學(xué)校教書(shū)，后來(lái)進(jìn)入安提阿學(xué)院。)”可知，Shull在他去Antioch上大學(xué)之前，他曾經(jīng)在一所公立學(xué)校任教，由此可知，他在Antioch大學(xué)畢業(yè)前應(yīng)該有一些教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段中的“GeorgeShullwasbornin1874onafarminClarkCounty,Ohio,andhisknowledgeofplantsandhybridscameatanearlyage.(喬治·舒爾于1874年出生在俄亥俄州克拉克縣的一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)里，他很早就了解了植物和雜交種。)”可知，序號(hào)①（Shull出生在俄亥俄州克拉克縣的一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)里）應(yīng)排在第一位，根據(jù)第二段中的“In1901,hegraduatedfromAntiochandwenttotheUniversityofChicagotodograduatework.(1901年，他從安提阿大學(xué)畢業(yè)，去芝加哥大學(xué)做研究生工作)”可知，序號(hào)④（Shull于1901年在Antioch大學(xué)畢業(yè)）應(yīng)排在第二位；根據(jù)第二段中的“Withhisknowledgeofbotany(植物學(xué))andexperiencewithfarmingpractices,ShullpassedaCivilServiceexam,andwasappointedasabotanicalassistantattheU.S.NationalHerbarium.(憑借植物學(xué)知識(shí)和農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他通過(guò)了公務(wù)員考試，并被任命為美國(guó)國(guó)家植物標(biāo)本室的植物學(xué)助理。)”可知，序號(hào)②（Shull被任命為美國(guó)國(guó)家植物標(biāo)本室的植物學(xué)助理）應(yīng)在大學(xué)畢業(yè)之后，所以排在第三位；根據(jù)第二段中的“Andin1904hewasappointedtobeinchargeofplantworkattheStationforExperimentalEvolution.(1904年，他被任命負(fù)責(zé)實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)化站的工廠工作。)”可知，序號(hào)③（Shull被任命負(fù)責(zé)實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)化站的工廠工作）是在1904年，應(yīng)排在第四位；根據(jù)第三段中的“Hebeganworkingoncornin1905.FollowingGregorMendel’sexample,Shullobtainedpure-bred(純種的)linesofcornthroughself-pollination.(他于1905年開(kāi)始研究玉米。以孟德?tīng)枮槔ㄟ^(guò)自花授粉獲得了純種玉米。)”可知，序號(hào)⑤（Shull通過(guò)自花授粉獲得純種玉米）是在1905年以后，應(yīng)排在第五位；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“In1915,ShullacceptedaprofessorshipatPrincetonUniversity.(1915年，沙爾接受了普林斯頓大學(xué)的教授職位。)”可知，序號(hào)⑥（Shull在1915年獲得了普林斯頓大學(xué)的教授職位）應(yīng)排在第六位，綜合以上信息，與該順序一致的選項(xiàng)為C項(xiàng)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thepure-bredlineswerelesshealthyandproductive,butwhenhecrossedthepure-bredlines,thehybridyieldswerebetterthananyoftheparentsorthosepollinatedintheopenfields.(純種系的健康和產(chǎn)量較低，但當(dāng)他雜交純種系時(shí)，雜種產(chǎn)量比任何親本或在露天地里授粉的品種都好。)”可知，雜交純種品種的產(chǎn)量比任何親本或在露天地里授粉的品種都好，由此可知，Shull的玉米育種方法的特殊之處在于專(zhuān)注雜交純種品種。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段中的“GeorgeShullwasbornin1874onafarminClarkCounty,Ohio,andhisknowledgeofplantsandhybridscameatanearlyage.(喬治·舒爾于1874年出生在俄亥俄州克拉克縣的一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)里，他很早就了解了植物和雜交種。)”可知，本文在首段介紹了GeorgeShull的出生時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，根據(jù)尾段中的“Shullretiredin1942.Heandhiswifespentmostoftheirlateryearswiththeirchildrenandgrandchildren.(1942年，沙爾退休。他和他的妻子晚年的大部分時(shí)間都是和他們的孩子和孫子一起度過(guò)的。)”可知，在文章最后介紹得了GeorgeShull的晚年情況，結(jié)合文章中間對(duì)Shull的工作和學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷的介紹可知，本文應(yīng)屬于一篇傳記體的文章，介紹了GeorgeShull一生的事跡以及所取得的成就。故選A項(xiàng)。CAnewstudyshowsthatthehouseholdconsumers(家庭消費(fèi)者)arefocusingmoreonreducingtheirenergycostsbyusingtechnologicallyadvancedhomeappliances.Thelightingcontrolheldthelargestshareinthesmarthomemarketin2016.Theincreaseintheadoption(采用)rateofintelligentlightingcontrolsbyhouseholdsworldwidehasfuelledthegrowthofthesmarthomemarket.Thesehavetheabilitytoreduceelectricityconsumptionbecausetheyadjust(調(diào)節(jié))theartificiallightaccordingtothesurroundings.Fouryearsago,IwasinadiscussionaboutNestThermostat(恒溫器),sharingmyviewthatifahouseisbuiltproperly,itdoesn'tneedasmartthermostat.Itprobablywouldn'tdomuchgoodtherebecausewithcarefulplacementofhigh-qualitywindows,youseldomneedtoheatorcoolitatall.Sincethen,otherstudieshaveshownthatinaleakyoldhouse,smartthermostatscanbeveryeffectiveandsaveenergy.Butissmartlightingsavingenergy?Asmartlightingsystemmightturnofforadjustthebrightnessofabulb(燈泡),butanLEDbulbalreadyusesverylittleelectricity,say7wattsperbulb.Butwhenyoumakeitsmart,itisalwaysconnected,consumingabitofpowertotalktothecontrollerorbridge;oneguywithametertesteditat0.4wattsperhour,or9.6wattsinaday.Itmeansthatifyouhaveapileofsmartbulbsanddevices,youareconsumingafairbitofelectricity.Exceptforsmartthermostatsinleakyhouses,noneinthesmartmarketsavesenergy.AskingSiri,voicecontrolonanyofAppledevices,toturnoffthelightsisfun,butwewouldbebetteroffintermsofenergyandexerciseifwegotupandreachedforalightswitch.Ratherthansavingenergy,thesmarthomeiswastingit.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fuelled”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Controlled.B.Promoted.C.Predicted.D.Detected.9.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofsmartthermostats?A.Theyarewell-designed.B.Theyareenergy-efficient.C.Theyarenotveryuseful.D.Theyarenotalwaysautomatic.10.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlywanttotellus?A.LEDbulbsareverybright.B.LEDbulbsareoflittlevalue.C.Smartlightinghasdevelopedquickly.D.Smartlightingdoeslittletosaveelectricity.11.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodointhelastparagraph?A.TouseSiriforfun.B.Toimprovesmartlighting.C.Togiveupsmartthermostatscompletely.D.Toturntothetraditionalwayofturningofflights.【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是議論文。作者探討了智能家居系統(tǒng)的弊端，他認(rèn)為其造成了能源浪費(fèi)。【詳解】1.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線單詞上文“Anewstudyshowsthatthehouseholdconsumers(家庭消費(fèi)者)arefocusingmoreonreducingtheirenergycostsbyusingtechnologicallyadvancedhomeappliances.Thelightingcontrolheldthelargestshareinthesmarthomemarketin2016.(一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，家庭消費(fèi)者更加關(guān)注通過(guò)使用技術(shù)先進(jìn)的家用電器來(lái)降低他們的能源成本。2016年，照明控制在智能家居市場(chǎng)中占據(jù)了最大的份額。)”和畫(huà)線單詞所在句子“Theincreaseintheadoption(采用)rateofintelligentlightingcontrolsbyhouseholdsworldwidehasfuelledthegrowthofthesmarthomemarket.(全世界家庭采用智能照明控制的比例增加，推動(dòng)了智能家居市場(chǎng)的增長(zhǎng)。)”可知，人們?cè)絹?lái)越多地使用智能家居設(shè)備，而智能光控設(shè)備在2016年就占有了最大的市場(chǎng)份額，由此可推斷，智能光控設(shè)備使用率的上漲很有可能“促進(jìn)了”智能家居市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展。所以畫(huà)線單詞fuelled意為“促進(jìn)”，故選B。

2.推理判斷題。由第二段中的“Itprobablywouldn'tdomuchgoodtherebecausewithcarefulplacementofhigh?qualitywindows,youseldomneedtoheatorcoolitatall(它可能不會(huì)有太多的好處，因?yàn)樽屑?xì)安置高質(zhì)量的窗戶，你很少需要加熱或冷卻它在所有。)”可知，智能恒溫器在建造質(zhì)量好的房屋里的作用并不大，因?yàn)榇皯粼O(shè)計(jì)得好，根本不需要給房屋制冷或供熱。由此可知，作者認(rèn)為智能恒溫器并非任何時(shí)候都需要。故選C。3.推理判斷題。由第三段中的“whenyoumakeitsmart,itisalwaysconnected,consumingabitofpowertotalktothecontrollerorbridge;oneguywithametertesteditat0.4wattsperhour,or9.6wattsinaday(當(dāng)你使它智能化時(shí)，它總是連接在一起，與控制器或電橋通話需要消耗一點(diǎn)電力：一個(gè)拿著電表的人測(cè)試它的電量為每小時(shí)0.4瓦特，或者說(shuō)一天9.6瓦特。)”可知，LED燈泡雖然省電，但其控制開(kāi)關(guān)因一直連著電源仍然會(huì)耗電。由此可知，智能光控系統(tǒng)根本不省電。故選D。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“AskingSiri,voicecontrolonanyofAppledevices,toturnoffthelightsisfun,butwewouldbebetteroffintermsofenergyandexerciseifwegotupandreachedforalightswitch.(要求Siri，任何蘋(píng)果設(shè)備上的語(yǔ)音控制，關(guān)掉電燈是很有趣的，但是如果我們站起來(lái)伸手去拿電燈開(kāi)關(guān)，我們?cè)谀芰亢瓦\(yùn)動(dòng)方面會(huì)更好。)”可知，作者建議人們自己起身去關(guān)燈，而非依賴(lài)智能光控系統(tǒng)，一則省電，二則還可以鍛煉。故選D。DBiggerbumblebees(大黃蜂)spendtimelearningthelocationsofthemostnectar-rich(花蜜多的)flowers,sotheycaneasilyfindthemagain,newresearchfinds.Smallerbees,ontheotherhand,aren’tquiteaschoosyintheirflowerselection.Afterdrinkingfromaflower,bumblebeesdecideifit’sworthvisitingagain.Iftheflowerisrichinnectar,bumblebeeswillperformwhatareknownaslearningflightstostudythelocationaroundtheflowers.Theywillslowlyflyaroundtheflower,andthenflyawayfromit,lookingbackatitslocation.Theywillremembertheflowerandtheviewsallaroundit.Ontheirnexttrip,thebeesmatchwhattheyseewiththeviewstheyhavealreadymemorized.Thistakesthembacktotheflower’slocation.Forthestudy,researcherssetupanexperimentinagreenhousewheretheycouldwatchbeesvisitartificialflowerscontainingvaryingconcentrations(不同濃度)ofsugarsolutions.Theflowershadsugarsolutionsrangingfrom10%to50%sugar.Whentheconcentrationwasgreater,thelargerbeesspentmoretimecirclingtheflowersandmakinglearningflights.Whentheconcentrationwassmaller,thelengthoftimethebeesspentlookingattheflowerandflyingarounditdropped.Smallerbeesspentthesameamountofeffortlearningwheretheflowerswere,nomatterwhethertheconcentrationofsugarwasloworhigh.Thedifferencelikelyshowsthedifferentrolesofthebeesintheircolonies(群體),theresearcherssaid.“Largebumblebeesareabletocarrylargerloads(負(fù)載)andexplorefurtherfromthenestthansmallerones.Smalleroneswithasmallerflightrangeandcarryingcapacitycannotaffordtobeaspickyandsoacceptawiderrangeofflowers,”theresearcherssaidinthestudy.“Smallerbeesoftentakeonmoretasksinsidethenest,onlygoingouttosearchforfoodwhenfoodsuppliesarerunninglow.”12.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Howbumblebeestelloneflowerfromanother.B.Howbumblebeesmakeflightsamongflowers.C.Howbumblebeesrememberthelocationsofflowers.D.Howbumblebeestellotherswheresweetflowersare.13.Whatdidresearchersfindoutintheirexperiment?A.Beesdisliketheflowersinthegreenhouse.B.Thebiggerflowersare,themorebeesthereare.C.Smallerbeesaremorelikelytoforgetaflower’slocation.D.Thesweeterafloweris,thelongertimebiggerbeesspendaroundit.14.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Smallerbeesarebetteratbuildingnests.B.Bees’dutiesmightdependontheirsizes.C.Beesofdifferentsizeshavedifferenttastes.D.There’remorelargebeesthansmallonesinanest.15.Inwhichpartofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Nature. B.Technology. C.Style. D.Opinion.【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講述了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大黃蜂會(huì)花時(shí)間記憶最有采蜜價(jià)值的花朵位置，而小蜜蜂則不會(huì)，這種不同可能顯示了蜜蜂在群體中的不同分工?！?2題詳解】段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Afterdrinkingfromaflower,bumblebeesdecideifit’sworthvisitingagain.Iftheflowerisrichinnectar,bumblebeeswillperformwhatareknownaslearningflightstostudythelocationaroundtheflowers.Theywillslowlyflyaroundtheflower,andthenflyawayfromit,lookingbackatitslocation.Theywillremembertheflowerandtheviewsallaroundit.Ontheirnexttrip,thebeesmatchwhattheyseewiththeviewstheyhavealreadymemorized.Thistakesthembacktotheflower’slocation.(在喝了一朵花之后，大黃蜂會(huì)決定這朵花是否值得再次造訪。如果花朵富含花蜜，大黃蜂會(huì)進(jìn)行所謂的學(xué)習(xí)飛行來(lái)研究花朵周?chē)奈恢?。它們?huì)慢慢地繞著花飛，然后飛離它，回頭看它的位置。它們會(huì)記住這朵花和周?chē)木吧?。在下一次旅行中，蜜蜂?huì)將它們所看到的與它們已經(jīng)記住的景色相匹配。這會(huì)把它們帶回花的位置。)”可知，本段主要講述了大黃蜂記住一朵花的位置的方式。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Whentheconcentrationwasgreater,thelargerbeesspentmoretimecirclingtheflowersandmakinglearningflights.(當(dāng)濃度更高時(shí)，體型較大的蜜蜂會(huì)花更多的時(shí)間在花朵周?chē)P(pán)旋和學(xué)習(xí)飛行。)”可知，花朵越甜，大體型的蜜蜂在花朵周?chē)臅r(shí)間就越長(zhǎng)。故選D?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“‘Largebumblebeesareabletocarrylargerloads(負(fù)載)andexplorefurtherfromthenestthansmallerones.Smalleroneswithasmallerflightrangeandcarryingcapacitycannotaffordtobeaspickyandsoacceptawiderrangeofflowers,’theresearcherssaidinthestudy.‘Smallerbeesoftentakeonmoretasksinsidethenest,onlygoingouttosearchforfoodwhenfoodsuppliesarerunninglow.’(研究人員在研究中表示：‘與體型較小的蜜蜂相比，體型大的大黃蜂能夠攜帶更大的負(fù)載，并在離巢穴更遠(yuǎn)的地方探索。飛行范圍和攜帶容量較小的小蜜蜂不能如此挑剔，因此才會(huì)接受更大范圍的花朵。較小的蜜蜂通常在巢內(nèi)承擔(dān)更多的任務(wù)，只有在食物供應(yīng)不足時(shí)才會(huì)外出尋找食物?！?”可知，體型大的大黃蜂能夠攜帶更多的花蜜，而且能夠探索更遠(yuǎn)的地方，而體型小的蜜蜂則不具備這種優(yōu)勢(shì)，它們主要在蜂巢內(nèi)工作，由此可推測(cè)出，不同體型的蜜蜂有不同的職責(zé)。故選B。【15題詳解】文章出處題。通讀全文可知，本文主要圍繞bumblebees(大黃蜂)和smallerbees(小蜜蜂)的習(xí)性展開(kāi)，講述了大黃蜂會(huì)花時(shí)間記憶值得采的花朵位置，而小蜜蜂則不會(huì)，這主要是和其分工不同有關(guān)，由此可推測(cè)出，這屬于自然科學(xué)，最有可能出自報(bào)紙的“自然”欄目。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WhyDoDogsRollInTheGrass?Ifyourdogisanythinglikemine,shelovesrollingaroundinapatchofgrassanychanceshegets.Anditalwayscracksmeuptowatchmydog,Nala,havethetimeofherlife.___16___Isshecoolingoff?Isshejustsuperhappy?Whatcoulditbe?Herearesomeofthemostcommonexplanationsbehindthisbehavior.___17___It’simportanttorememberhowincrediblypowerfulyourdog’snoseis.Theyarepickinguponhundredsofsubtlescentsthatwecan’tevencomprehend!Sometimestheywanttoenjoyascent(氣味)they’vefoundinthegrassandwillrollaroundinittodojustthat.She’scoolingoff___18___Itmightevenbealittlewetfromasprinkler-theperfectplaceforyourdogtocooloffin.She’scoveringupherownscent.There’sanothersmellyreasonwhyyourpupmayberollingaroundinthatpatchofgrass.Someexpertsholdtheviewthatdogsmayrollingrasstocovertheirownscent.___19___She’sscratchinganitch.It’sgoodtoruleoutanyallergiesandmakesureyourdogisn’trollingatontoscratchaconstantlyitchy(發(fā)癢的)backorside，butotherwise，it’sprobablynormalthatshe＇shavingagoodtime.___20___I’mnotsureaboutyou,butnowI’meventhinkingaboutjoiningminenexttime.A.She’shavingfun.BShe’senjoyingasmell.C.ButI’vealwayswonderedwhysheactuallydoesit.D.Ifit’saparticularlyhotday,thatgrassmaylookextraappealingtoyourdog.E.Itisnotuncommontoseedogsrollinginthegrassaroundparticulartimesofyear.F.Inotherwords，theywanttosmellliketheenvironmentsotheydon＇tscareoffprey(獵物).G.Ifyounoticeyourdogrollingaroundinthegrass,it’sprobablyjustherhavingthebesttimeever.【答案】16.C17.B18.D19.F20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了小狗在草地上打滾的原因。【16題詳解】根據(jù)“Isshecoolingoff?Isshejustsuperhappy?Whatcoulditbe?(她在降溫嗎？她只是超級(jí)開(kāi)心嗎？這可能是什么？)”可知，空后提出了一些問(wèn)題，說(shuō)明空處為提出這些問(wèn)題的原因，就是作者一直在想為什么小狗要在草地上打滾。C項(xiàng)“但我一直想知道她為什么這么做?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選C?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)“It’simportanttorememberhowincrediblypowerfulyourdog’snoseis.Theyarepickinguponhundredsofsubtlescentsthatwecan’tevencomprehend!Sometimestheywanttoenjoyascent(氣味)they’vefoundinthegrassandwillrollaroundinittodojustthat.(記住你的狗的鼻子有多么強(qiáng)大是很重要的。它們能捕捉到數(shù)百種我們甚法理解的微妙氣味！有時(shí)，他們想享受在草地上發(fā)現(xiàn)的氣味，并會(huì)在其中打滾，以達(dá)到這一目的)”可知，本段介紹他們?cè)诓莸厣洗驖L的原因之一是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g草地上發(fā)出的氣味。B項(xiàng)“她喜歡聞一聞”適合作本段的主旨大意句。B項(xiàng)中的“enjoyingasmell”和下文中的“enjoyascent(氣味)”相呼應(yīng)。故選B?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)“She’scoolingoff(她正在降溫)”以及“Itmightevenbealittlewetfromasprinkler-theperfectplaceforyourdogtocooloffin.(灑水車(chē)甚至?xí)屗悬c(diǎn)濕，這是你的狗降溫的理想場(chǎng)所)”可知，本段主要介紹小狗早草地上打滾的原因是因?yàn)樘鞖鉄岬臅r(shí)候，草地比較涼快。D項(xiàng)“如果天氣特別熱，那草可能會(huì)對(duì)你的狗特別有吸引力”符合語(yǔ)境。E項(xiàng)中的“aparticularlyhotday”是前文中“coolingoff”的原因。故選D。

【19題詳解】根據(jù)“Someexpertsholdtheviewthatdogsmayrollingrasstocovertheirownscent.(一些專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為，狗可能會(huì)在草地上打滾，以掩蓋自己的氣味)”可知，空處需要進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明為什么小狗需要在草地上打滾來(lái)掩蓋自己氣味的這一事實(shí)。F項(xiàng)“換言之，它們想聞到環(huán)境的味道，這樣就不會(huì)嚇跑獵物”符合語(yǔ)境。故選F?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)“I’mnotsureaboutyou,butnowI’meventhinkingaboutjoiningminenexttime.(我對(duì)你不太確定，但現(xiàn)在我甚至在考慮下次也加入)”可知，本處總結(jié)狗狗在草地上玩的時(shí)候應(yīng)該是她最開(kāi)心的時(shí)光。G項(xiàng)“如果你注意到你的狗在草地上打滾，那可能只是她有史以來(lái)最好的時(shí)光”符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共3節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Armedwithmycameraandafacemask,IenteredtheCOVID-19quarantineward(隔離病區(qū))afterhavingmytemperaturechecked.Aquicklookinanydirectioninthewardshowednurses____21____goingaroundattendingtopatients,whowereseparatedfrommebyapartition(隔板)withclearglasswindowsIcould____22____.Formyown____23____,Iwasnotallowedtoopenthedoorleadingtotheroomwherethepatientswere.Istoodinthelongpassage,focusingmycamerato____24____thenursesandpatientsbeyondthepartition.Thepatientsseemedtobeingood____25____.Someofthemwavedatmeandgavemethe“thumbsup(蹺拇指)”signthroughthe____26____window.Butwhatcaughtmy____27____themostwerethenurses,whowere____28____fromheadtotoeinfullpersonalprotectiveequipment(PPE).Despiteworkinglonghours,someofthemcouldstillsharea____29____withmeaboutthePPE,whichtheycalleda“sauna(桑拿浴)suit”.Duetothe_____30_____amountofPPE,thesestaffmustweartheirheavyprotectiveequipmentforfourfullhours,sotheyareusuallywetwithsweatbythetimetheyareallowedto_____31_____.OneofthenurseswhomIspoketosaidacolleagueofhers_____32_____afewkilogramsduetothePPE.Thenurses,whoareriskingtheirlivescaringforthe_____33_____,neverletthetirednessandother_____34_____getintheirway.Afterspendingabout30minutesattheward,Ileftwithgreat_____35_____forthesemedicalworkers.21.A.slowly B.suddenly C.luckily D.busily22.A.getacross B.searchfor C.lookthrough D.thinkabout23.A.safety B.recovery C.future D.schedule24.A.seek B.invite C.photograph D.attract25.A.company B.spirits C.order D.positions26.A.open B.glass C.dirty D.picture27.A.breath B.ear C.case D.attention28.A.taken B.frightened C.decorated D.dressed29.A.joke B.dream C.story D.message30.A.great B.exact C.limited D.average31.A.change B.run C.pull D.break32.A.contained B.lost C.expected D.added33.A.poor B.sick C.needy D.old34.A.choices B.actions C.disadvantages D.difficulties35.A.satisfaction B.care C.respect D.regret【答案】21.D22.C23.A24.C25.B26.B27.D28.D29.A30.C31.A32.B33.B34.D35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇記敘文。講述了作者在新冠爆發(fā)期間到隔離病房的一次經(jīng)歷，看到護(hù)士穿著防護(hù)服對(duì)病人無(wú)微不至的照顧后，對(duì)醫(yī)護(hù)人員產(chǎn)生了無(wú)比敬愛(ài)之情?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：掃一眼，就能看到護(hù)士忙碌的身影，跑來(lái)跑去照顧病人，他們與我之間隔著一個(gè)帶有玻璃窗戶的隔板，透過(guò)隔板我可以清楚地看到他們。A.slowly慢慢地；B.suddenly突然；C.luckily幸運(yùn)地；D.busily忙碌地。根據(jù)空后“goingaroundattendingtopatients”可知，此處指護(hù)士跑來(lái)跑去，忙碌地照顧著病人，故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞組詞義辨析。句意同上。A.getacross使被理解；B.searchfor搜尋；C.lookthrough透過(guò)；D.thinkabout考慮。根據(jù)前文的“withclearglasswindows”可知，此處指作者可以通過(guò)玻璃窗戶看，故選C。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：為了我的安全，我不能打開(kāi)通往病房的門(mén)。A.safety安全；B.recovery恢復(fù)；C.future未來(lái)；D.schedule時(shí)刻表。根據(jù)前文“Armedwithmycameraandafacemask,IenteredtheCOVID-19quarantineward(隔離病區(qū))afterhavingmytemperaturechecked.”可知，此處指為了作者不被感染，為了作者的安全，故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我站在長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的走廊上，用我的相機(jī)拍攝隔板里的護(hù)士和病人。A.seek搜尋；B.invite邀請(qǐng)；C.photograph拍攝；D.attract吸引。根據(jù)空前“focusingmycamerato”可知，此處指用相機(jī)拍攝他們，故選C?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這些病人看起來(lái)精神不錯(cuò)。A.company陪伴；B.spirits精神；C.order秩序；D.positions位置。根據(jù)后文“Someofthemwavedatmeandgavemethe“thumbsup(蹺拇指)”signthroughthe____6____window.”可知，此處指那些病人的精神狀態(tài)還不錯(cuò)，故選B?！?6題詳解】考查名詞/形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.open開(kāi)著的；B.glass玻璃；C.dirty臟的；D.picture圖片。根據(jù)前文“whowereseparatedfrommebyapartition(隔板)withclearglasswindows”的提示可知，此處指玻璃窗戶，故選B?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是最吸引我的是這些護(hù)士，他們從頭到腳包裹在防護(hù)服里。A.breath呼吸；B.ear耳朵；C.case情況；D.attention注意力。根據(jù)空前“whatcaughtmy”可知，此處指最吸引作者注意力的，故選D?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞/形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.taken帶著；B.frightened害怕的；C.decorated裝飾著的；D.dressed穿著衣服的。根據(jù)空后“fromheadtotoeinfullpersonalprotectiveequipment(PPE)”可知，此處指護(hù)士穿著防護(hù)服，故選D?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管工作了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，但他們中的一些仍然能和我開(kāi)玩笑，說(shuō)他們把防護(hù)服叫做“桑拿蒸浴”。A.joke玩笑；B.dream夢(mèng)想；C.story故事；D.message信息。根據(jù)后文“whichtheycalleda“sauna(桑拿浴)suit”.”可知，此處指護(hù)士和作者開(kāi)玩笑說(shuō)他們將防護(hù)服稱(chēng)作桑拿浴，故選A?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：因?yàn)榉雷o(hù)服的數(shù)量有限，所以工作人員必須一次穿滿四個(gè)小時(shí)，這樣的話，當(dāng)他們換防護(hù)服時(shí)，全身都會(huì)被汗水打濕。A.great巨大的；B.exact確切的；C.limited有限的；D.average平均的。根據(jù)后文“thesestaffmustweartheirheavyprotectiveequipmentforfourfullhours”可知，此處指防護(hù)服的數(shù)量是有限的，故選C。【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.change換，改變；B.run跑；C.pull拉；D.break打破。根據(jù)前文“thesestaffmustweartheirheavyprotectiveequipmentforfourfullhours”可知，此處指當(dāng)他們換掉防護(hù)服時(shí)，全是都濕透了，故選A。【32題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：其中一個(gè)護(hù)士告訴我，她的一個(gè)同事因?yàn)榇┓雷o(hù)服