全球風能大會-全球風電勞動力展望2023-2027（英）

GlobalWindWorkforce

Outlook2023

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2027Global

WindWorkforceOutlook2023

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2027iGlobalWindWorkforce

Outlook2023

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2027Table

of

ContentsChapter1

Executive

Summary2Chapter2

SafetyTraining

StandardsandGrowingDemandfor

Training

6Chapter3

WindWorkforce

Forecasts

andDynamics8Chapter4

GlobalWindWorkforce

Outlook,2023-202711Chapter5

CountryCommentaries15Chapter6

Methodology:TheGWO

WindWorkforce

Forecasting

Model37Copyright?October2023PermissionsandUsage:Thisdocumentcontainsforward-lookingstatements.Thesestatementsarebasedoncurrentviews,expectations,assumptionsandinformationoftheAuthors(GWEC&GWO).Theauthorsandtheiremployeesandrepresentativesdonotguaranteetheaccuracyofthedataorconclusionsofthiswork.Theyarenotresponsibleforanyadversee?ects,lossordamageinanywayresultingfromthiswork.Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Itscontentmaybereproducedinpartfornon-commercialpurposes,withfullattribution.Design:AspireDesign,IndiaAuthors:AndreaScassola(GWO)PublicationDate:11October2023IanBuckland(GWO)JoyceLee(GWEC)Feng

Zhao(GWEC)AnjaliLathigara(GWEC)iiGlobalWindWorkforce

Outlook2023

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2027ForewordBenBackwell,CEO,GlobalWindEnergyCouncilJakob

LauHolst,CEO,GlobalWindOrganisationThelastfew

yearshaveexposednewdimensionsandvulnerabilitiesoftheglobalenergysystem.TheGWO/GWEC

GlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027isthefourthtoworkwithasystemthatrecognisesstandardswhereverpossible.workinginconstructionandinstallationversusoperationsandmaintenancewillreduce.By2027,O&Mtechnicianswillmakeup46%oftheprojectedworkforcein2027from42%

in2023.editionofourjointworkhighlightingtheworkforcedevelopmentrequiredtomeettheforecastglobalexpansionoftheindustry,highlightinginparticular,windtechnicianswhoconstruct,install,operateandmaintainwindassets.ThatcombinednarrativeofworkforcedevelopmentandtheneedforaClimatechangeismanifestingwithmoreseveritythanever,

andthecurrentglobalenergycrisishasmadeitabundantlycleartheworldmusttransitiontoasecureandresilientrenewables-basedenergysystem.collaborativeapproachisachievedthroughauniquecombinationofinputs.GWEC

MarketIntelligenceglobalonshoreando?shorewindoutlook,alignedwithGWO’s

WorkforceForecasting?IncreasesinturbineratingswillresultinalowernumberofpeopleworkingonaperMWbasis,particularlyo?shore.Thisreport,publishedinthecontextofwindsupplychainchallengesexperienced

Model,continuesandre?nesourWindenergyisattheheartoftheenergytransition.UndertheInternationalRenewableEnergyAgency’s1.5°CScenario,cumulativeglobalrenewableenergycapacitymusttripleby2030,withwindcapacityscalingbynearlyfourtimestomorethan3,500GWbytheendofthedecade.Windenergyalreadyprovidesa?ordable,zero-carbonelectricitytopowereconomies,revitaliselocalcommunitiesanddrivesustainabledevelopment.Large-scalewindprojectsreducerelianceonimportedandvolatilefossilfuels,andcreateadiversevaluechainofjobopportunities,frompaperconcepttogeneratingpoweroverthecourseofanaverage25-yearassetlifetime.inregionsaroundtheworldamidrisingcostsandanin?ationaryenvironment,focusesontheenormoussocioeconomicvalueandtransformativejobcreationopportunitiesbroughtbywindpowertocountriesaroundtheworld.understandingofthetaskahead:Asglobalindustryassociations,GWOandGWEC

playaroleintheemploymentprocessvaluechain,whichalsoinvolvesemployers,investors,policymakersandregulatorstonameafew

stakeholders.Morethan574,000

technicianswillbeneededtoconstruct,install,operateandmaintaintheworld’srapidlygrowingwind?eetby2027.

Thereportreveals:Italsoremindsusthatfortheindustrytogrowsustainably,arapidlyexpandingworkforcemustbea?ordedaccesstotrainingaccordingtoindustrybestpractice,sotheycanworksafelyandreturnhometotheirfamilies.?Thewindworkforcewillgrowfastero?shore(+79%)thanonshore(+12%)from2022-2027.We

hopethatthisreportwillsupportstakeholdersinthegrowingwindenergyindustrybyprovidingvisibilityofthevariedopportunitiesavailabletofosterworkforcedevelopmentandforthewindindustrytocontributetoclimateresilientgrowtharoundtheworld.?Morethan400,000peopleneededforC&IandO&McouldreceiveindustrystandardAsaglobalindustry,werelyheavilyoncooperationbetweenstakeholdersfromdi?erentcountries,soitisnecessarytraininginthenext

?veyears.?Astheindustrymatures,thegapbetweennumbersoftechnicians1GlobalWindWorkforce

Outlook2023

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2027Chapter

1:E

xecutive

Summary2GlobalWindWorkforce

Outlook2023

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2027Thereiswideningconsensusthatwindandotherformsofrenewableenergyarethesolutionstothemostde?ningchallengeofourgeneration–climatechange.Thisisre?ectedinrisinggovernmentambitionandpublicrallyingcallsforwindenergycapacityacrosstheglobe.Thisyear’sreportseekstoanswerthreefundamentalquestions:chainacrossglobalonshoreando?shorewindfrom2023to2027.Aswindpowerexpands,awell-trainedwindtechnicianworkforceisneededtoinstallnewturbinesandmaintaintheoperational?eet.Thisgivesopportunitiesforjobcreationforlocalandnationalgovernmentsthatfosterrenewableenergyasadriverforsocioeconomicdevelopment,andfortrainingproviderslookingtoexpandtheiractivitiestowardsdevelopedandemergingeconomies.11.HowmanytechnicianswillWe

notethatthismodeldoesnotincludecalculationsofworkforceneedsinothersegmentsoftheprojectlifecycle,suchasresearchanddevelopment,procurement,manufacturing(themostlabour-intensivesegmentincertainmarkets),transportandlogistics,requirewindindustrystandardtrainingfortheconstructionandinstallationandoperationandmaintenanceofwindassets?In2023,thewindindustrypassedthemilestoneof1TWofinstalledwindcapacityglobally,andweareon-tracktoinstallanotherTWwithinthisdecade.Thisfast-pacedgrowthindicatesanurgentneedforaskilledandtrainedworkforcereadytodeployfortheforecastinstallationsahead,andtosafelyoperateandmaintainanexpandingwind?eetincountriesaroundtheworld.2.

WhatisthegapbetweenthelevelofpenetrationforGWOdecommissioningandrepowering,etc.industry-standardtrainingthatiscurrentlyavailableandthelevelthatwouldberequiredtotraintheforecastworkforceoutto2027?Inthecomingyears,itisexpectedthatthenumberoftechniciansintheC&Isegmentwillincreaseby9%from286,200people(253,200onshore,33,000o?shore)in2022to311,100(256,000onshore,55,100

o?shore)in2027.

Similarly,thetotalnumberofO&MThereport’soutlookfortrainingneedsisthereforejustafractionoftheexpansivejobopportunitieswhichwillbegeneratedby

thegrowthofwindenergyworldwide.3.

Wherearethebiggestopportunitiesforeducatorsandtrainingproviderstoenhancethewindworkforce?Annual

wind

capacity

additions

aroundthe

techniciansisexpectedtogrow29%fromworldareprojectedtodoublefrom78GWin2022to155GW

in2027,

accordingtoGWEC

MarketIntelligence.Bytheendof2027,

thecumulativeworldwideoperationalwind?eetispoisedtoexceed1,500GW,

morethandoublethelevelattainedpriortotheCOVID-19

pandemic.203,400peoplein2022to263,100

in2027,

drivenbyalargeroperational?eet.AsthefourtheditionofthisreportTheoutlookbuildsuponGWO’sseriesadvocatingforthejobcreationopportunitiesinthewindsector,theGlobalWindWorkforceOutlook2023-2027outlinesthenear-termdemandfortrainedandcerti?edtechniciansforconstruction,installation(C&I),operationandmaintenance(O&M)ofwindfarms.WorkforceForecastingModelandleveragesGWEC’s

GlobalWindMarketIntelligenceastheprimaryinputstodeterminethevolumeoftechniciansandskilledworkersrequiredfortheC&IandO&MsegmentsofthevalueNearly600,000skilledworkerswillberequiredtoconstruct,install,operateandmaintaintheglobalwind?eetby2027alone.Overallforecastssuggestanincreaseofatleast17%forrequirednewquali?edpersonneleveryyearintheC&IandO&Msegments,growing1SeeMethodologysectionattheendofthisreport.3GlobalWindWorkforce

Outlook2023

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2027thetotalnumberofskilledworkersfrom489,600peoplein2022to574,175in2027.

DrivenbyincreasesinMWcapacityandassociatedattrition,asemployeesexitthesector,almost43%ofthe574,200

technicianworkforcewillneedtoberecruitedbetween2023-2027(seeanalysisonpage12).Analysis?ndsthatworkforceneedswillgrowmorerapidlyo?shore,increasing79%from2022to2027comparedto12%

onshorewithinthesametimeframe.However,

whileo?shorewindtechnicianswillgainshareoverthenext

?veyears,by202687%ofthetechnicianswillstillbelocatedonshore.Asthewindindustrycontinuestoinnovate,moree?cientandhigherenergytransitionawayfromfossilfuels,andensuringworkersandcommunitieshaveaplaceinamodern,sustainableandrenewables-basedeconomy.averageratingonshoreturbineswillreducethenumberoftechniciansneededonaper-MWbasis.Inthecase

ofo?shorewind,withthelikelihoodoflargerprojectsdeployinghigher-ratedturbinesmuchfurthero?shore,ahighernumberofO&Mtechniciansareexpectedtobedeployedpermanentlyon-sitetoaddressanyrisks.Figure1

-

ForecastCapacityInstallations

and

Number

of

People

Requiring

C&I

and

O&M

Trainingfrom

2023-2027CountryOnshoreWindO?shoreWindTotalInstallationsTrainingNeedsInstallations(MW)TrainingNeeds(#oftechnicians)People(MW)(#oftechnicians)FurthersupportonskillsandtrainingstandardisationfromindustryandadoptionofGWO

standardswillhelptosupportpersonalandoperationalriskmitigationthroughdeploymentofcerti?edworkers.Skillingandcerti?cationwillalsoenablegreaterjobmobilityforindividualstomoveacrosscompaniesandregionsinthewindsector.AustraliaBrazil7,62516,000300,0002,2506,62412,308219,6226940006,62412,308249,315694029,6930China64,000ColombiaEgypt003,5503,01703,017Inparticular,thisreportexaminesthepolicyandworkforceoutlookfor10countrieswherewindpowerisontherise:theUnitedStates,China(excludingTaiwan),

Australia,SouthKorea,

India,JapanandBrazil,Colombia,KenyaandEgypt.Thesemarketsrepresent73%(490GW)ofallnewonshoreando?shorewindcapacityadditionsexpectedworldwideoverthe?ve-yearforecastperiod.Training

needsinthese10countriesconstitute67%ofthetotalnumberofC&IandO&Mtechniciansin2027and75%

ofthetotaltrainingdevelopmentpotentialprojectedoverthenext

?veyears.India21,30027,6532069728,350JapanKenya3,8005503,35557484801,75805,113574SouthKoreaMeetingglobalwindpowerambitionsmustbebackedbyastrongcultureofhealthandsafety,

askilledworkforceandane?cientsupplychain.Governmentandindustry-ledinitiativesfortrainingandcerti?cationareawin-win,bothadvancingsocioeconomicopportunitiesandenablingsafetyandstablegrowthofthewindindustry.Asre?ectedbythesigni?canttrainingneedsahead,thewindenergyworkforcewillbeakeyactorinsupportingajustandequitable1,00055,000411,075551,47582071,7422,29911,8581,6305,7512,45077,493USATotal

TenCountries346,409499,48179,025123,01839,52974,694385,938574,175GlobalSource:GWO,

GWEC2023GlobalWindWorkforce

Outlook2023

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2027Fig2

-

Forecast

Number

of

People

RequiringC

&

I

andO

&

M

Trainingtomeet

Wind

Energy

Growth

as

of

the

End

of

2027.(Additional

C&I

and

O&M

Wind

Technicians

Requiring

Training

from

2023-

2027)SouthKorea2,450(1,996)Japan5,113(3,560)USA77,493(65,642)China249,315(246,733)Egypt3,017(2,833)Colombia694(684)India28,350(20,143)Brazil12,308(3,354)Kenya574(574)GlobalTotal574,175Australia6,624(4,012)105

5GlobalWindWorkforce

Outlook2023

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2027Chapter

2:Safet

y

TrainingStandards

and

GrowingDemand

fo

r

Training6GlobalWindWorkforce

Outlook2023

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2027GrowingDemandforWindSafetyTrainingAswindindustrygrowthacceleratesanditsworkforcebecomestheworld’slargestwindindustryemployers.Theypoolknowledgeanddataonrisksandhazardsinthewindturbineenvironment,prioritisingthecreationoftrainingstandardsthatwillhaveameaningfulimpactonthesafetyofthewidestpossiblecohortofwindturbinetechnicians.Inclusivedesignprocessesensuretrainingstandardsare?tforpurpose.towardsemploymentknownastheGWOEntryLevelFramework.ThiscombinationofGWO

coursesforentry-leveljobpro?lesincludesGWO

BasicTechnicalTraining

andGWO

BasicSafetyTrainingplusavarietyofadditionalcoursesincreasinglymobile,beingabletotransfersafetytrainingcerti?cationsacrosscompaniesandcountriesbecomesakey

enablerofindustryscalabilityandinternationalgrowth.During2022themostfrequentlytrainedGWO

moduleswereWorkingatHeights(WAH),ManualHandling(MH),FireAwareness(FAW)

andFirstAid(FA),

allofwhicharepartoftheBasicSafetyTraining

(BST)Standardandmustberefreshedatintervals.ThenumberofwindtechniciansworldwidewithanactiveGWO

certi?cateinatleastoneoftheGWO

modulesalmostdoubledfromaround79,000inthe?rsthalfof2019toaround156,400inthe?rsthalfof2023,signallingastrongexpansionofwindpowerandtrainedworkforceneeds.ThenumberoftechnicianswhowillneedGWOtrainingissettoincrease17%from2022speci?ctothetask,siteandemployer.TheBene?tsofStandardisationTheGlobalCommunityofTrainingProvidersTheglobalwindindustrycollaborates,throughGWO,

settinginternationallyrecognisedstandardswhichaddressthemostcommonrisksandhazardsfacedbytechniciansintheirwork.Thisresultsinreducedcomplexity,removalofduplicationandincreasedproductivityforthewindtechnicianworkforceoverthelongterm.Third-partycerti?cationofGWO

trainingassuresquality,andenablesparticipantsandtheiremployerstoverifywhenwindtechniciansareappropriatelytrained.Currently,standardsarerecognisedandusedinmorethan50countries,andcanbeaccessedatmorethan540trainingcentrescerti?edtodeliverGWO

courses.Thecoursecerti?cates(trainingrecords)areownedbytheindividualwindtechnician,andcanbeTheGWO

Training

StandardsPortfolioIn2023,theGWO

standardsportfolioconsistsof16standardsdividedinto27modules.Someofthestandardsintroduceenduringskillsthattechnicianspracticeeverydayatwork,whileotherskillsthatarenotusedonadailybasis(suchaspractising?rstaidorrescuinganinjuredpersonfromthenacelletotheground)mustberefreshedregularly.veri?edinanonlineglobaltrainingrecords

to2027,

whichinturnrequiresscalingdatabase,establishingamechanismfortransparencyandaccountabilityforsafetyacrossthesupplychainandallteamsworkingonagivensite.uptrainingprovidersandeducationalfacilitiesinwindmarketsworldwide.In2022,globalduty-holdershavealigneddescriptionsforentry-leveljobpro?lesforwindtechnicians,andagreedonskills,knowledgeandabilitiesthatcanbeacquiredthroughatrainingpathwayHowareTraining

StandardsDeveloped?GWO

trainingstandardsaretheproductofcollaborationbetweenHSEandtrainingexpertsrepresenting7GlobalWindWorkforce

Outlook2023

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2027Chapter

3:Wind

WorkforceForecasts

andDynamics8GlobalWindWorkforce

Outlook2023

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2027Asglobalinstalledwindcapacityissettogrowby

74%

from906GWintoacquireorrefreshtheirsafetyandtechnicalskillsduringtheoutlookperiod.hasasteadygrowthpro?leandprovesresilienttoyear-over-year?uctuationsininstalledvolumes.Bycontrast,demandforC&Iactivityisvolatilebynature,asrelevantemploymentpatternsvaryalongsideannualinstallations.startstogrowslowlybutgainstractionastheinstalledbasebecomesmoresigni?cant.Importantly,bothC&IandO&Mrequireasigni?cantbaseoflocallyemployedwindtechnicians,whichrequiresplanningforlocalrecruitmentandsupplyoftraining.Thevolumeofwindtechniciansdeployedlocallyalsohelpstodeliversocioeconomicbene?tstothecommunitieshostingwindprojectsandrelatedinfrastructureandfacilities,andmayprovidea2022to1,581GWin2027

,askilled2workforceisneededtoinstallandmaintaintheglobalwind?eet.Trainingprovidersandeducatorshaveasigni?cantopportunitytorampupdeliveryofskilledpersonneltraining.Theforecastsincludepre-assemblyworkforo?shoreC&I.However,

theyexcludetheworkforcefromothersegmentsofthewindprojectlifecycle,suchasresearchanddevelopment,procurement,manufacturing(traditionallythemostlabour-intensivesegmentincertainmarkets),transport,decommissioningandrepowering.ThewiderworkforcethroughoutthewindvaluechainisthereforelargerthantheworkforceeligibleforGWOtrainingidenti?edinthisreport.WhileinvestmentinnewcapacityrequiresintenseC&Iactivityandhasasubstantialimpactonemploymentduringtheearlyyearsofindustrydevelopment,demandforO&MworkDe?ningtheWorkforce

ForecastDuringthepasttwoyears,GWO

hasworkedtodevelopamodelthatforecaststhegrowthinthenumberofwindFigure3

-

Global

WindCapacityAdditions

and

C&I

Technician

Workforcetechniciansovera?ve-yearhorizon.Themodel’slatestupdateiscon?guredtouseGWEC’s

globalwindmarketforecastsasitsprimaryinputandfocusonthetotalnumberofwindtechniciansinvolvedintheC&IandO&Moftheonshoreando?shorewindcapacityinstalledgloballyeachyearfrom2022to2027.

Theresultsre?ectthenumberofwindtechniciansthatwillworkinthephasesofC&IandO&Meachyearfrom2022to2027.

Theannualnumberscanalsobeviewedasrepresentingthetotalnumberofpersons,whowillneedtoreceivetrainingMWPeople140,000120,000100,00080,00060,00040,000300,000250,000200,000Theimpactofrefreshercoursesisnotconsideredintheworkforceforecastsbutrepresentsanadditionalopportunityfortrainingprovidersandeducators.150,000100,000Di?erentProjectPhases,Di?erentWorkforce

Patterns50,000020,0000202220232024202520262027Growthdynamicsinworkforcedemandcanberadicallydi?erentacrossC&IandO&M.Sincedemandformaintenancehasalinearrelationshipwiththesizeoftheinstalled?eet,O&MemploymentAnnualOffshoreCapacityAdditionsC&IOffshoreWorkforceAnnualOnshore

CapacityAdditionsC&IOnshoreWorkforce2GlobalWindEnergyOutlook,Q12023MarketOutlookSource:GWO,

GWEC20239GlobalWindWorkforce

Outlook2023

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2027responsetothepotentialdisplacementofworkersfromsunsetindustriesassociatedwiththefossilfuelssector.turbinesinawindfarmshouldincreasetechnicians’productivityandresultinasharpdropofpeopleperMW.

However,aso?shoreturbineratingincreases,sodoestheimpactofturbinefailure,andoperatorsseektomitigatethisriskbysecuringapermanentpresenceoftechniciansonsite.Thus,asturbineratingincreases,andprojectsbecomelargerandarelocatedfurthero?shore,operatorsincreasinglyoptforo?shore-basedO&Mstrategies,whichtypicallyrequireahighernumberoftechniciansperturbine.Arelativelysmallwindfarmlocatedupto30kmfromshorewouldallowforonshore-basedO&Mstrategiesmakinguseofcrewtransfervessels(CTVs).Largerplants,evenmoresoiflocatedfurtherawayfromshore(i.e.>40km),requirepermanenton-siteavailabilityofasubstantialnumberoftechnicians,andthusarebetterservicedviaserviceoperationvessels(SOVs)

oraccommodationplatforms(APs).Thetotalcapacityoftheplatformsorthevesselsusedtomaintainasinglewindfarmworksasareliableindicatoroftheworkforcethatneedstobereadilyavailableonaper-turbinebasisforwindfarmsthatadoptanonshore-basedstrategythanforwindfarmsthatemploySOVs

orAPs.Estimatesrangefrom0.3

to0.6

people/turbineforsmallerwindfarmslocatedlessthan30kmawayfromshoreto0.7to1.5people/turbineforwindfarmsthatarelargerinsizeorlocated>40kmaway.factorssuchashigheraverageturbineratings-willbevisibleonshore,reducingthenumberoftechniciansneededonaper-MWbasis.ThenumberofonshoreO&Mtechniciansisexpectedtogrow25%from194,600peoplein2022to243,500peoplein2027.

O?shore,alowernumberofmachineswillpromptassetownerstosecureasubstantialpresenceofpersonnelonsite,partlyo?settingthee?ciencygainsachievedthroughhigherrating.GWO

expectsthenumberofo?shoreO&Mtechnicianstogrow122%from8,800in2022to19,600in2027.GiventhatthenumberoftechniciansrequiredfortheC&Ioflargerturbinesdoesnotdeviatesigni?cantlyfromtheheadcountneededfortheinstallationofturbineswithlowerpowerrating,annualgainsinturbineratingresultinalowernumberofturbinesandthusinalowerworkforcerequirementonaper-MWbasisthroughouttheoutlookperiod(seeMethodologysectionattheendofthisreport).GWO

expectsthetotalnumberofO&Mtechnicianstogrow29%from203,400peoplein2022to263,100

in2027,

drivenbyalargeroperational?eet.E?ciencygains-drivenprimarilybytechnologyFigure4

-

Global

Operational

WindCapacityand

O&M

Technician

WorkforceThesee?ciencygainswilloccuracrosssectorsbutwillhaveamorematerialimpacto?shorethanonshoreduetotheratingincreaseintermsofMWnameplatecapacity.GWO

expectsthenumberofC&Itechnicianstoincrease,drivenmostlybytheadditionofnewturbines,growingfrom286,200people(253,200onshore,33,000o?shore)in2022to311,100

(256,000onshore,55,100

o?shore)in2027.MWPeople1,600,0001,400,0001,200,0001,000,000300,000250,000200,000150,000100,00050,0000800,000600,000400,000200,0000AsfarasO&Misconcerned,GWOexpectsthereductioninthenumberofturbinestodrivemoreoperationale?ciencygainsonshore.Logisticsplayakey

roleinde?ningo?shoreO&Mstrategies.Inprinciple,alowernumberofforO&Mactivity(seeMethodologysectionattheendofthisreport).202220232024202520262027Operational

Offshore

Wind

CapacityO&M

Offshore

WorkforceOperational

Onshore

Wind

CapacityO&M

Onshore

WorkforceDataextractedacrossaround50o?shorewindprojectsshowthattheO&MtechnicianworkforcetendstobelowerSource:GWO,

GWEC202310GlobalWindWorkforce

Outlook2023

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2027Chapter

4:Global

WindWorkforce

Outlook,2022-202611GlobalWindWorkforce

Outlook2023

-

2027DrawingfromGWEC’s

windcapacityforecastsandwindprojectrecords,theworkforcemodelusesdataandassumptionsthathelpestimatethesizeandforecastthegrowthofthetotalnumberoftechniciansover

a?ve-yearforecastperiod.Figure5

-The

GWO

Trained

Workforce

and

the

Total

Number

of

Technicians

Neededin

the

C&I

and

O&M

SegmentsPeople700,000600,000555,279574,175551,133545,404539,507528,430510,989489,620ThevolumeofexpectedC&IandO&Mactivitywillrequirenewquali?edpersonneleveryyear,

growingthetotalnumberoftechniciansinthesesegmentsfrom489,600peoplein2022to574,175

in2027.500,000400,000300,000200,000100,0000448,291428,379409,720Thisrepresentsacalltoactionfortheindustrytocollaboratewitheducatorsandgovernmentstoensurethatenergytransitionambitionsarealignedwithworkforceplanningonanationalandsub-nationalscale,andastrategyisinplacetoestablishlocaleducationandtrainingcentrestotargettherecruitmentandtrainingoflocalworkforces.20172018201920202021202220232024e2025e2026e2027eC&I

and

O&M

WorkforceGWO

Trained

WorkforceSource:GWO,

GWEC202312GlobalWindWorkforce

Outlook2023

-

2027Asoftheendof2022,145,000peopleheldatleastonevalidtrainingcerti?cateintheBSTStandard.ThismeansthatGWO

trainingcovered30%ofthetotalnumberoftechniciansestimatedglobally.Figure6

-

Share

of

the

Total

EstimatedNumber

of

Technicians

Needed

for

C&I

andO&Min

2022Figure7

-Annual

C&I

and

O&M

Workforce

Forecasts,

Onshore

and

O?shorePeople100%600,000499,481479,571482,389481,255476,280447,80291%500,000400,00080%Thisshareisestimatedtohaveremainedstableasofthe?rsthalfof2023,30%60%40%20%90%89%88%87%87%300,000200,000whenactiveBST

certi?cateholdersamountedto156,400againstatotalnumberoftechniciansintheC&IandO&Msegmentsestimatedat528,400people.Increasingtheaccessibilityanduseofgloballyrecognisedtrainingwillbecrucialtofacilitatetechnicians’mobilityandminimizetheneedforretraining.41,81852,15059,93663,01569,87874,694100,000070%9%10%11%12%13%13%0%202220232024202520262027OffshoreShareofthe

C&IandO&MWorkforceOnshoreShareof

theC&IandO&MWorkforceOffshoreC&IandO&MWorkforceOnshoreC&Iand

O&M

WorkforceNonGWOTrainedGWOTrainedSource:GWO,

GWEC2023Theanalysisexpectsthetotalnumberoftechnicianstogrowmorerapidlyo?shore,increasing79%from2022to2027comparedto12%

onshorewithinthesametimeframe.However,

whileo?shorewindtechnicianswillgainshareoverthenext

?veyears,by202787%ofthetechnicianswillstillbelocatedonshore.Source:GWO,

GWEC202313GlobalWindWorkforce

Outlook2023

-

2027Figure9

-

Entry

Level

C&I

and

O&M

Workforce

Needed

Each

YearBasedontheannualC&IandO&Mworkforceforecastsforonshoreando?shore,thepotentialdemandforwindtechnicianstrainingisproj