情態(tài)動(dòng)詞歸納性講解

PAGEPAGE7情態(tài)動(dòng)詞I.種類：1）只能作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:can,must,oughtto,may2)既能情又助：will,shall,would,should3)既情又行為：need,dare4)短語(yǔ)：beableto,haveto,usedto,hadbetter,wouldratherII.用法：1.表猜測(cè)，可能性：must,may,might,can,could1)must表肯定“猜測(cè)”(指說(shuō)話人看來(lái)一定是，必然是)只能用在肯定句中：Itmustbeheadmaster.Yourfathermustbenearlyfortynow.還可以用mustbedoingHemustbeenjoyinghimself.當(dāng)must表推測(cè)是，否定不用mustnot,而用cannotItcan’tbeheadmaster.表必須，一定：（肯定用must,否定用mustn’t一定不要，表禁止）Youmustn’tsmokehere.2)may,can表可能在肯定句中may表示事實(shí)上的可能性，（某事將發(fā)生的實(shí)際可能性。）can表示邏輯上的可能性：比較：Theroadmaybeblocked.(=Itispossiblethattheroadisblocked.=Perhapstheroadisblocked.)由于某種原因路可能被阻塞了。Theroadcanbeblocked.(=Itispossiblefortheroadtobeblocked.=Itispossibletoblocktheroad.根據(jù)邏輯推理表示可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)某種情況，并不牽涉具體的事情是否會(huì)發(fā)生。Accidentscanhappenonsucharainyday.比較：Mr.Lilookspale.Hemaybeill.(事實(shí)上的可能性)Mr.Liisinpoorhealth.Hecanbeillatanytime.（邏輯上的可能性）在否定和疑問(wèn)句中，便不存在這種“事實(shí)上的可能性”和“邏輯上的可能性”的區(qū)別，因?yàn)樵诜穸ň浜鸵蓡?wèn)句中，通常是用can而不是用may表示可能。WemaygocampingnextSunday.（事實(shí)）Willyouanswerthedoorbell?Itmaybeyourfather.Thismay/might/couldbedonebyhim.Canitbetrue?Whatcanhebethinkingof?3)can,could（一般用于疑問(wèn)和否定句或感嘆句中表驚異，懷疑，不相信的推測(cè)）可能，能夠Thiscan’tbedonebyhim.Thismaynotbedonebyhim.(弱)Canthisbedonebyhim?Howcanhesorudetoothers?Hecan’tbemorethanthirty.5）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加原形表對(duì)一般情況的猜測(cè)，但would,could,might并不一定與過(guò)去時(shí)間有關(guān)，而表示可能性弱于它們相應(yīng)的現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式。Hemay/mightbeastudent.Hecan’t/couldn’tbeastudent.6)時(shí)態(tài)：can,may,mustcan/may/must+do對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行推測(cè)can/may/must+bedoing是對(duì)眼下正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行推測(cè)can/may/must+havedone是推測(cè)過(guò)去時(shí)間可能發(fā)生的事情must/may/mighthavedone(肯定)can’t/couldn’thavedone(否定)could/can…h(huán)avedone(疑問(wèn))Theymayhavesettledtheproblem.Imighthavecometoawrongconclusion.Theroadisn’twet.Itcan’thaverainedlastnight.CouldMaryhavemissedthefirstbus?Shegotupveryearly.7)反意問(wèn)句：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)，不用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞反問(wèn)，具體根據(jù)后面的時(shí)態(tài)而定：Itmusthaverainedlastnight,didn’tit?Hemusthavetoldyouaboutit,hasn’the?8)should推斷的“應(yīng)該會(huì)”不是責(zé)任﹑義務(wù)的應(yīng)該WhenwillIgetthisphotos?Theyshouldbereadyby12o’clock.It’s12o’clock.Heshouldcomebackatanymoment.Should=oughtto應(yīng)該Should/oughttohavedone本應(yīng)該Should還可譯成“竟然”Youcan’timaginethatawell-behavedgentleman___besorudetoalady.A.mightB.needC.shouldD.would【1】You___betiredyou’vebeenworkingforanhour.A.mustnotB.won’tC.can’tD.maynot【2】Excuseme.IsthistherightwaytotheSummerPalace?Sorry,Iamnotsure,.Butit___be.【3】Youmightjustaswelltellthemanufacturerthatmalecustoms___notlikethedesignofthefurniture.A.mustB.shallC.mayD.need【4】Isn’tthatAnn’shusbandoverthere?No,it___behimI’msurehedoesn’twearglasses.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.won’tD.maynot【5】Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?Well,ifyou___know,hermaneidMabel.A.mayB.canC.mustD.shall【6】2.(表允許)可以may,can,might1)may在陳述句中，may表示“許可”，通常是指說(shuō)話人給予的許可，口語(yǔ)中可以用can例：Youmay/cansmokeinthisroom.=Youarepermitted(byme)to…Youmay/cancomeifyouwish.否定用maynot表示說(shuō)話人不許可，例：Youmaynotgo.（=Idon’tpermityouto...）Maynot也可表示一般的不許可，即表示根據(jù)一般規(guī)定而不是說(shuō)話人不許可：例：Borrowersmaynottakeoutofthelibrarymorethantwobooksatatime.Can可以用來(lái)表示普遍的許可，即不指明是誰(shuí)給予的許可:Youcankeepthebookformorethantwoweeks.May在疑問(wèn)句或if從句中,may不是說(shuō)話人給予的許可，而是征詢聽(tīng)話人的許可，例：MayI…征詢對(duì)方許可比較正式，在口氣上比較客氣，在口語(yǔ)中用CanI…?May/CanIsmokeinthisroom?(=Willyouallowmeto…)MayIgonow?再問(wèn)客觀上是否允許時(shí)用can時(shí)更多一些，如：Canwetakethebooksoutoftheroom?2)might,could,would表請(qǐng)求許可時(shí),不表過(guò)去，只是語(yǔ)氣更加委婉，客氣。MightIhavealookatyournewdictionary?--Could/mightIuseyourbiketomorrowmorning?--Yes,youcan/may.No,I’mafraidnot.不能用：Yes,youcould/might.3）shall在疑問(wèn)句中用于一，三人稱表征詢聽(tīng)話人的意見(jiàn)或意圖，如：ShallIcarryyoursuitcase?(=Doyouwantmetocarryyoursuitcase?Shallwehavedinner?(=Doyouagreetoourhavingdinnernow)WhereshallIwaitforyou?Shallwesithere?Shallhecometoseeyou?要不要他來(lái)看你？4）will在疑問(wèn)句中用于第二人稱,表示請(qǐng)求（請(qǐng)對(duì)方做某事）would更加委婉WillyouhelpmewithmyEnglish?Willyousingattheconcerttomorrowevening?Wouldyoutellmethewaytothestation?必須用would的場(chǎng)合Wouldyoulike/prefer/lovetogowithme?Would/DoyoumindifIopenthedoor?3.表能力：can和beableto都表能力1)beableto主語(yǔ)必須是人或動(dòng)物，而can沒(méi)有這個(gè)限制。Hecanswim.=Heisabletoswim.Theradiocanbefixedin30minutes.(不能用beableto)2)beableto可以有任何形式，而can只有過(guò)去式couldHewillbeabletoskateaswellasyou.TheforeignerscometoChinawithoutbeingabletospeakChinese.3)beableto的過(guò)去式（was/wereableto）可作“設(shè)法做成某事講相當(dāng)于managetodo或succeedindoingWiththehelpofthefiremen,theywereabletoleavetheburninghouse.(wereableto不能換成could.)4.表必須must,haveto,shallmust說(shuō)話人的主觀意志，或要求某人必須做某事.haveto表客觀需要例：Imustgonow,orI’llbelate.shall用于二，三人稱表允諾，警告，命令，決心，強(qiáng)制Don’tworry.Youshallgettheanswerthisafternoon.(允諾)Heshallbesorryforitoneday.(警告)Nothingshallstopusfromcoming.(決心)5.will,would1）表意愿（用于陳述句，可用于各種人稱,有時(shí)態(tài)變化）Iwillstopsmoking.Givemyregardstoyourfamily.--Ofcourse,Iwill.Iwishedhimtogiveupsmoking,buthewouldn’tlisten.2）表功能，有時(shí)態(tài)變化Thedoorwon’topen.Myradiowon’twork.6.表習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作：will,would;usedto“總是”“慣于”Iwillsithereforseveralhours.would/usedtoWhenIwasachild,Iwould/usedtogetupearlyandgofishing.Thereusedtoariverinthevillage.(不能用would)7.回答問(wèn)句時(shí)有變化的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：1)—Mustwehandinourhomeworktoday?Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t.youdon’thaveto2)MayItakethisbookoutofthereading-room?Yes,youmay.No,youmustn’t.youmaynot.you’dbetternot.3)Needyougonow?Yes,Imust.No,youneedn’t.4)Couldyouexplainittome?Yes,Iwill.(愿意)CouldIuseyourbook?Yes,youcan.(不用could)5)ShallItellhimaboutit?No,youneedn’t.Ihavetoldhim.ShallIinvitehimtogowithus?No,youmustn’t.Idon’twanttoseehimagain.6)Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?No,indeed.(Ofcoursenot./Certainlynot./Notatall.)若Wouldyoumindmyopeningthedoor?No,goahead.7.need;dareHedoesn’tdare(to)answer.Doeshedaretogo?Don’tyoudare(to)touchit?8.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone1)shouldhavedone本應(yīng)該oughttohavedoneshouldn’thavedoneYoushouldhavehandedinyourhomeworkontime.Marylookssad.Didyoutellherabouttheaccident.Yes,butIsh