2023屆高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)：時(shí)文閱讀語(yǔ)法填空

外刊精讀

了解青少年的大腦發(fā)育過(guò)程和特點(diǎn)

導(dǎo)讀：

直到最近，人們?cè)詾槿祟?lèi)的大腦在幼兒時(shí)期結(jié)束時(shí)就完全停止發(fā)育

了。然而，在過(guò)去的十年間，有研究表明人類(lèi)的大腦從青春期開(kāi)始到成年

初期的這段時(shí)間內(nèi)仍然在變化。本集《外刊精讀》帶你走進(jìn)青少年的大腦，

并介紹一些與〃青春期〃有關(guān)的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)。

一、語(yǔ)篇泛讀

Vocabulary:adolescence詞匯：青春期

Whatwereyoulikeasateenager?Iwasanightmare.Iwasrudetomy

parents,alwaysstayedoutlate,neverdidmyhomework,hungoutwiththe

wrongpeopleandmadelotsofbaddecisions.Apparently,thisistheage

whenteenagersareoutofcontrolandbehavebadly.Maybe,ifyou'rea

teenagernow,youthinkthisisunfaircriticismorit'snotyourfault.Well,

youmightberight!

Expertshavefoundthatit'sateenager*sbrainthatistoblame.

Betweentheagesofapproximately13to19-aperiodknown

asadolescence-thebrainisstilldevelopinginareasthatcontrolbehavior.

Thishasanimpactonlearningandmultitasking,stressandmemory,sleep,

addiction,anddecision-making.Forparents,theseconsequencesoften

manifestthemselvesinavarietyofbehaviorsthattheymayhavepreviously

blamedonhormonesorjustmoodiness.

Thisisquiteanewdiscovery,accordingtoProfessorSarah-Jayne

Blakemore,who,speakingontheBBCradioprogrammeTheLifeScientific,

says"whenIwasatuniversity,thedogmainthetextbookswasthatthevast

majorityofbraindevelopmentgoesoninthefirstfewyearsoflifeand

nothingmuchchangesaftermid-childhood.Thatdogmaiscompletelyfalse.

Soourbrainsarestilldevelopingmuchlaterthanwasoriginallythought.

Isthistheperfectexcuseforteenagerstoloungearoundandnotgettheir

homeworkdoneontime?Ofcoursenot!AccordingtoProfessorSarah-Jayne

Blakemore,it'stodowithourprefrontalcortex-that'sthepartofour

brainrightatthefront,justbehindtheforehead.Shesays"it'sinvolvedina

wholerangeofveryhigh-levelcognitivetaskssuchasdecisionmakingand

planning-weknowthatthisregionisundergoingverylargeamountsof

developmentduringtheadolescentyears".Thisisthepartofthe

braincriticallyinvolvedinplanning,and,forateenager,thishasn't

developedyet.Sogettingorganizedtodotheirhomework,forexample,can

comeasabitofachallenge.

IwishrdknownaboutthisbecauseinsteadoftellingmyteacherI'dleft

myhomeworkonthebusorthatthedoghadeatenit.NowIcouldsay,

"Sorrysir,mybrainisn'tdevelopedenoughforthecognitivetaskofplanning

myhomework".

二、詞匯表

nightmare〃噩夢(mèng)〃，棘手的人或事

outofcontrol失控

adolescence青春期

multitasking同時(shí)做多件事情

hormone荷爾蒙

moodiness情緒多變，喜怒無(wú)常

dogma教條

loungearound悠閑度日

prefrontalcortex前額皮層

cognitivetask認(rèn)知任務(wù)

adolescent青春期的,青少年的

critically極其地

三、測(cè)試與練習(xí)

閱讀課文并回答問(wèn)題。

1.Duringadolescence,whatisthoughttobehappeningtotheareaof

thebrainthatiscontrollingbehavior?

2.Howhaveideasaboutearlybraindevelopmentchanged?

3.Whattasksdoestheprefrontalcortexpartofthebrainaffect?

4.Trueorfalse?It'shardforteenagerstogetorganizedbecausethe

partofthebrainneededtodothisisstilldeveloping.

5.Whichwordusedinthearticlemeans'tobecomeclearthroughsigns

oractions'?

請(qǐng)?jiān)诓粎⒖颊n文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。選擇一個(gè)意思合適的單詞填

入句子的空格處。

1.Ourjourneywasa.Firstwegotstuckinatrafficjamandthen

ourcarbrokedown!

dogmanightmare

cognitivetaskoutofcontrol

2.It'simportantthatwesignthecontracttoday,otherwisewe

willlosethebusiness.

criticalcritically

criticalycriticise

3.We'reblamingourson'sbehavioronhis;itcan'tbeanything

elsecanit?

adolescentdogma

nightmarehormones

4.I'vegotadayoffworktodaysoI'mjustgoingtoandwatch

TV.

loungearoundloungedaround

roundloungeloungeup

5.Somebusinessesfeelthepressuretochangesmokinglawshasbeen

drivenmorebythanhardfacts.

moodinessmultitasking

dogmacognitivetasks

【參考答案】

閱讀課文并回答問(wèn)題。

1.Duringadolescence,whatisthoughttobehappeningtotheareaof

thebrainthatiscontrollingbehavior?

Betweentheagesofapproximately13to19,thebrainisstilldevelopingin

areasthatcontrolbehavior.

2.Howhaveideasaboutearlybraindevelopmentchanged?

Theyhavechangedfromthinkingthatthevastmajorityofbrain

developmentgoesoninthefirstfewyearsoflifeandnothingmuch

changesaftermid-childhood,totheideathatbraindevelopmentcontinues

throughadolescence.

3.Whattasksdoestheprefrontalcortexpartofthebrainaffect?

Itaffectsusperformingcognitivetaskssuchasdecisionmakingand

planning.

4.Trueorfalse?It'shardforteenagerstogetorganizedbecausethe

partofthebrainneededtodothisisstilldeveloping.

True.Theprefrontalcortexisthepartofthebraincriticallyinvolvedin

planning,and,forateenager,thishasn'tdevelopedyet.Sogetting

organizedtodotheirhomework,forexample,cancomeasabitofa

challenge.

5.Whichwordusedinthearticlemeans'tobecomeclearthroughsigns

oractions'?

Thewordis'manifest'."Forparents,theseconsequencesoftenmanifest

themselvesinavarietyofbehaviorsthattheymayhavepreviouslyblamed

onhormonesorjustmoodiness."

請(qǐng)?jiān)诓粎⒖颊n文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。選擇一個(gè)意思合適的單詞填

入句子的空格處。

1.Ourjourneywasanightmare.Firstwegotstuckinatrafficjamand

thenourcarbrokedown!

2.It'scriticallyimportantthatwesignthecontracttoday,otherwise

wewilllosethebusiness.

3.We'reblamingourson'sbehavioronhishormones,itcan'tbe

anythingelsecanit?

4.I'vegotadayoffworktodaysoI'mjustgoingtoloungearoundand

watchTV.

5.Somebusinessesfeelthepressuretochangesmokinglawshasbeen

drivenmorebydogmathanhardfacts.

"新年決心"的前世今生

導(dǎo)讀：

很多人會(huì)在一年之初給自己制定各類(lèi)計(jì)劃和目標(biāo)，對(duì)過(guò)去曾犯下的錯(cuò)

誤進(jìn)行反省，改過(guò)自新。人們每在新年之際為來(lái)年制定自我提高計(jì)劃這個(gè)

概念從何而來(lái)？各個(gè)國(guó)家有哪些相關(guān)的習(xí)俗和傳統(tǒng)？本集節(jié)目介紹“新年

決心”的起源，并講解與“期許、承諾”有關(guān)的詞匯。

一、語(yǔ)篇泛讀

Vocabulary:NewYear'sresolutionsandpromises詞匯：新年決心與

期許

HappyNewYear!FormanyintheUK,iftheNewYearmeansanything,it

meansstartingwithacleanslateandturningoveranewleaf.Andtodothis,

manyofusmakeNewYear'sresolutions-alistofwaysthatweintend

toimproveourselvesintheyearahead.Wereflectonour

pasttransgressionsandresolvenottodothem

again.Refrainingfromsmokingiseverpopular,asisavowtotakeupmore

exerciseorspendmoretimewithfamily.ButwheredoestheideaofaNew

Year'sresolutioncomefrom?

Theanswermightlie4,000yearsagoinancientBabylonia,accordingto

History.com.TheBabyloniansarebelievedtobethefirsttohold

recordedcelebrationsfortheNewYear.The12-day-longcelebration,Akitu,

allowedthemnotonlytoreaffirmtheirloyaltytotheking,orcrownanew

one,butalsotopledgetothegodstopaytheirdebtsandreturnborrowed

objects.Fortheir'goodbehavior',theybelievedthegodswouldbestow

favoruponthemfortheyeartocome.Ifnot,therewouldbedivine

consequences!

TheRomanstoohadsimilartraditions.NewYear'sDaywasatimewhen

senatorswouldsweartheyhadupheldthelawsandcityleadersandsoldiers

wouldtakeanoathofloyaltytotheemperor.Incidentally,themonthof

January,isnamedaftertheRomangodJanus.Heisthegodofbeginnings,

transitionsandtime,amongotherthingsandisdepictedashavingtwofaces

-onelookingtothepastandtheotherfacingforwardtothefuture.

TheRomansmaybelonggone,buttheirlegacyliveson.Cometheturn

oftheyear,oureyesturninwards.Welookatself-improvement,reviewour

pastmistakes,confessourwrongdoings,seekatonementandtrytosharpen

upingeneral.Ultimately,muchliketheBabyloniansandRomans,weseekto

reaffirmthebestpartsofourselves,whileleavingthedrossbehind.

Whetheryou'relookingataquickbehavioraltweak,orahuge

personalityoverhaul,you'retakingpartinatraditionthatgoesback

centuries.Iwishyouallthebeststickingtoyourresolutions.HappyNew

Year!

二、詞匯表

acleanslate從頭開(kāi)始、既往不咎

turnoveranewleaf翻開(kāi)新篇章,改過(guò)自新

resolution決心

improve提高、改善

reflecton反省、回想

transgression罪過(guò)

resolve下決心

refrainfrom忍住不.??

vow誓言

celebration慶?；顒?dòng)

reaffirm重申

pledge保證

swear發(fā)誓

takeanoath宣誓、立下誓言

self-improvement自我提高、自我改善

review回顧

wrongdoing過(guò)錯(cuò)、不當(dāng)行為

atonement彌補(bǔ)（過(guò)失、過(guò)錯(cuò)）

三、測(cè)試與練習(xí)

閱讀課文并回答問(wèn)題。

1.TrueorFalse?NewYearisassociatedwithstartingfresh.

2.WhatdidtheBabyloniansbelievegoodbehaviorduringAkituwould

blessthemwith?

3.WhatdistinguishingphysicalfeaturedoestheRomangodJanushave?

4.InwhatwayarecontemporarypeoplemuchliketheBabyloniansand

Romans?

5.Whichphrasalverbusedinthearticlemeans'removeproblemsor

findsolutions,?

請(qǐng)?jiān)诓粎⒖颊n文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。選擇一個(gè)意思合適的單詞填

入句子的空格處。

1.Apersonwhoisgenuinelysorrycanbeforgivenfortheir.Just

saysorry!

resolutionvow

pledgetransgression

2.Please_______.fromsmokingwithinhospitalgrounds.

refrainreaffirm

reflectreview

3.Youngman,Isuggestyougotoyourroomandonyourbad

behavior!

celebratereflect

swearpledge

4.Ifyougivemeonemorechance,IpromiseI'll

cleanslate

turnoveranewleaf

takeanoath

self-improvement

5.Thankyouallforcomingtomywedding.It'saofourlovefor

eachother.

improvecelebration

oathreview

【參考答案】

閱讀課文并回答問(wèn)題。

1.TrueorFalse?NewYearisassociatedwithstartingfresh.

True.IftheNewYearmeansanything,itmeansstartingwithacleanslate

andturningoveranewleaf.

2.WhatdidtheBaby