句子成分和基本句型

英語句子的成分和句型分析句子成分簡單句復(fù)合句實例并列句11年高考語法復(fù)習(xí)系列一句子的成分（1）主語主語是一個句子的整體，表示所說的對象是“誰”或者是“什么”。主語一般由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語或從句充當(dāng)。主語SThemanisdrivingtoofast.Nobodyknowshim.Thericharenotalwayshappy.Topersevere(堅持)meansvictory.Travelinginspacewillbeeasy.Fromheretomyschoolis3kilometers.Whathesaidistrue.(2)謂語謂語說明主語的的動作、行為、特征或狀態(tài)。謂語一般由動詞表示。*用動詞作謂語謂語VThemanisdrivingtoofast.Nobodyknowshim.Thericharenotalwayshappy.Toperseveremeansvictory.Travelinginspacewillbeeasy.Fromheretomyschool

is3kilometers.Whathesaidistrue.Iamgettingoffatthenextstation.Willyouhavetogotomorrow?(3)賓語和補(bǔ)語賓語是及物動詞所表示的動作的對象，或介詞所支配的對象。名詞、代詞（賓格）、數(shù)詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語或從句都可以作賓語。補(bǔ)語是補(bǔ)充說明主語或賓語用的，通常由形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等擔(dān)任。賓語和補(bǔ)語OCNobodyknowshim.Toperseveremeansvictory.Givemefour.Don’taskmewhy.Ihaveno

sayinit.Helikestogotothecircus.Ithinkyouareright.賓語和補(bǔ)語OCItoldhim

astory.Shecookedfoodforhim.Thetwomenrobbedtheoldwomanofhermoney.Wecallher

Jenny.Whomdoyouthinkme?Theyfoundhim

out.Makeyourself

athome.Theywishyou

togowiththem.Wemadehim

whatheis.（4）表語表語放在系動詞之后，用來說明主語的特征、性質(zhì)、身份或狀態(tài)等。名詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、分詞、動詞不定式、動名詞、介詞短語或從句都可以用作表語。

1.ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.

這是本英漢辭典。

2.Thedinnersmellsgood.

午餐的氣味很好。

3.Hefellinlove.

他墮入了情網(wǎng)。

4.Everythinglooksdifferent.

一切看來都不同了。

5.Heisgrowingtallandstrong.

他長得又高又壯。

6.Thetroubleisthattheyareshortofmoney.

麻煩的是他們?nèi)鄙馘X。

7.Ourwellhasgonedry.

我們的井干枯了。

8.Hisfaceturnedred.

他的臉紅了。（5）定語定語用來修飾或限制名詞或代詞。可用作定語的有形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、名詞所有格、分詞、動詞-ing形式、動詞不定式、副詞、介詞短語及從句等。定語anice

roomaschoolbusthekeytothedoorthemansittingtheresomethingtoeatHehasason,

whoworksinaschool.(6)同位語一個名詞或代詞后面有時可跟一個名詞，對前者作進(jìn)一步的解釋，說明它指的是誰或什么等，叫作同位語?？梢宰魍徽Z的有名詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、代詞、從句等。ThisisMr.He，ourclassteacher.Thenewsthattheywonthematchistrue.(7)狀語狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。一般表示行為動作發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、原因、比較、方式、程度。一般由副詞、介詞短語、分詞短語、動詞不定式、名詞及從句表示。狀語Surely,wewillhelpyou.Haveyouever

triedanyadventuretravel?Heworks

hard.Comethisway.Weworktolive.Helaythere,sleeping.Hewasreadingyesterdayafternoon.Hewasreadingwhenhismothercamein.基本句型1.簡單句：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）的句子。英語當(dāng)中有簡單句，并列句和復(fù)合句。五種基本句型1.S+V

Hecooks.Abusarrived.2.S+V+O

IlikeEnglish.TomwatchesTV.3.S+LV+P

表語

Sheisastudent.Thehouseisgreen.4.S+V+IO+OTheygavemeapresent.(give/bring/pass/lend/teach/take/show…to)I’llgetyousometea.(get/buy/cook/fetch/return/find/do…for)5.S+V+O+OC

WecallherLily.Ifindmathsdifficult.Hemademelaugh.Weaskedhimtocome.(call/keep/find/make/tell/send/want…)簡單句1.Thisisausefulbook.2.Jim,afriendofmine,hasgonetoBeijing.3.Thebeautifulgirlsingsbeautifully.4.Theoldwomanwithabasketinherhandisstandingthere.5.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.6.Theyareplayingontheplayground.

2.并列句：由并列連詞把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起的句子。常用的并列連詞有：

and;but;or;so;yet;for;either…or;neither…nor;notonly…butalso等等。并列句7.Bothmymotherandfatherareteachers.8.Neitherdadnormybrothercooksdinner.9.Thisisourclassroomandthat’syours.10.Thesuncameoutandthegrassdried.11.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.12.HeisgoodatEnglish,butheisweakinmath.3.復(fù)合句：由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子。根據(jù)從句在全句中的不同作用，從句可分為：賓語從句，主語從句，表語從句，同位語從句（四種統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句）；定語從句（也叫形容詞性從句），狀語從句（也叫副詞性從句）。復(fù)合句13.Ithink(that)hecandoit

himself.14.I’mhappyyoulikeit.15.Canyoutellmewherethepostofficeis?16.I’mafraidyoucan’tcatchthetrain.復(fù)合句17.When

Iwasaboyofsix,Ibegantogotoschool.18.After

shefinishesherhomework,sheoftenhelpshermotherdosomehousework.19.Janedidn’tgotobeduntilhersoncameback.20.If

it’sfinetomorrow,we’llgotothepark..復(fù)合句21.She’sasbeautifulashermother.22.MrSmithwenttoseethedoctor,becausehiskneeshurt.23.Theriverissodeepthatchildrencan’tswiminit.(24.Theriveristoodeepforchildrentoswimin.25.ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.26.Ittakesmetenminutestogethome.)Thefilmisaboutabigwhitesharkthatattacksswimmerswhoarespendingtheirholidaysinasmallvillagebythesea.實例Thefilmisaboutabigwhiteshark

thatattacksswimmerswhoarespendingtheirholidaysinasmallvillagebythesea.實例介詞賓語／先行詞定語從句Thefilmisaboutabigwhiteshark

thatattacksswimmerswhoarespendingtheirholidaysinasmallvillagebythesea.實例動詞賓語／先行詞定語從句Theoceansandseassurroundingtheislandsaredeepblue

and

manyofNewZealand’scitieslieonabayandhaveanaturaldeepharbor.

并列