2024屆高考二輪復習閱讀推斷題取非思維課件

高考閱讀推斷題葵花寶典---

“取非”思維

適用范圍：對比

時間對比：before,until,previous,once,early,formerly,initially,

pristine,begin,start,origin,createcurrent,recently,now,today,later,future;

結(jié)構(gòu)對比：farfrom…,unlike,not…but…,ontheotherhand,ratherthan,more…than…,instead(of),incontrast(to),onthecontrary,

otherwise動詞邏輯關(guān)系對比：givewayto,bechallengedby,bediscreditedby,shift/decay/change/distinguishfrom…to…,

replace/reconcile…with…,動詞+between…and...特殊含義對比：paradoxical/paradoxically,ironical/ironically,unexpected/unexpectedlycuriouslysurprisingly反義詞直接對比：encourage/discourage,active/dormant傳統(tǒng)方法1、同義詞替換2、一一對應(yīng)原則Whenitcomestophysiology,theleatherbackturtleis,insomeways,morelikeareptilianwhalethanaturtle.Itswimsfartherintothecoldofthenorthernandsouthernoceansthananyotherseaturtle,anditdealswiththechillywatersinawayuniqueamongreptiles.【TPO-15(1)2#】Whatcanbeinferredaboutwhalesfromparagraph1?A.Theyareconsideredbysometobereptiles.爬行動物B.TheirbodiesarebuiltinawaythathelpsthemmanageextremelycoldtemperaturesC.Theyaredistantlyrelatedtoleatherbackturtles.D.Theycanswimfartherthanleatherbackturtles.以whale做關(guān)鍵詞定位至第一句，說leatherbackturtle更像鯨而不像爬行動物，然后就說這種turtle海龜能游的遠，也就是說鯨能游得遠，所以答案是B。A說鯨是爬行動物違反常識，而且原文也沒說；原文說他們physiology上像，沒說它們是否相關(guān)，所以C錯；至于兩個誰游得遠文章干脆沒提，所以D錯

Eachoftheprecedingtechniquesprovidestheresearcherwithevidencethattheinfantcandetectordiscriminatebetweenstimuli.Withthesesophisticatedobservationalassessmentandelectrophysiologicalmeasures,weknowthattheneonateofonlyafewdaysisfarmoreperceptivethanpreviouslysuspected.However,thesemeasuresareonly"indirect"indicatorsoftheinfant'sperceptualabilitiesParagraph5indicatesthatresearcherswhousedthetechniquesdescribedinthepassagediscoveredthatA.infantsfinditdifficulttoperceivesometypesofstimuliB.neonatesofonlyafewdayscannotyetdiscriminatebetweenstimuliC.observationalassessmentislessusefulforstudyinginfantperceptionthanresearcherspreviouslybelievedD.aneonateisabletoperceivestimulibetterthanresearchersoncethought閱讀文章中推斷題目占比較大的份額。準確把握推斷思維的的關(guān)鍵就是“取非”思維的培養(yǎng)。簡而言之，如文章出現(xiàn)虛擬語氣、強轉(zhuǎn)折部分或隱性轉(zhuǎn)折采用反向思維?？梢杂行У目焖贉蚀_完成試題。1.強轉(zhuǎn)折取逆向思維

閱讀考試中，考生要特別注意段落中的強轉(zhuǎn)折詞。如however，nevertheless，but等。因為強轉(zhuǎn)折在很大程度上都是對前文的否定。因此，只要看到類似上述的強轉(zhuǎn)折。采取逆襲思維。問題便迎刃而解。例如：Cycadsremovedfromtheirnativehabitats—andthereforefrominsectsnativetothosehabitats—areusuallyinfertile.Nevertheless,anecdotalreportsofwindpollinationincycadscannotbeignored.Question：Theevidenceinfavorofinsectpollinationofcycadspresentedinthesecondsentencewouldbemoreconvincingifwhichofthefollowingwerealsotrue?(A)Onlyasmallvarietyofcycadspeciescanbesuccessfullytransplanted.(B)Cycadscansometimesbepollinatedbymeansotherthanwindorinsects.(C)Insectsindigenoustoregionstowhichcycadsaretransplantedsometimesfeedoncycads.(D)Windsintheareastowhichcycadsareusuallytransplantedaresimilartowindsincycads‘nativehabitats.。2.虛擬語氣逆向思維

例二：Accordingtonaturalselectiontheory,aworkerwouldenhanceherfitness—orabilitytopropagatehergenes—byhatchingherowneggsinadditiontoorinplaceofthequeen’s.

這句話也是虛擬語氣，我們直接取反理解，作者想要表達的就是“aworkerwillnotenhanceher…”運用這種取非的思想我們可以迅速的把握作者的態(tài)度，以及作者想要表達的真實意思。就不用先翻譯成繞口的中文，再拼命的思索其中的含義，可以有效地為考試爭取時間。3.“改進型取非題”運用取非思想

在題干中看到虛擬語氣，大多需要用到取非思想，與之相對應(yīng)的一種題型是閱讀題中常見的一種，叫做“改進型取非題”?？蠢又?，先簡單解釋下什么是“改進型取非題”。很簡單，如果題干問“如果一個對象怎樣會更好”則是改進型取非題，來看具體的例子：例：Perhapsthefactthatmanyoftheseconsideredonlyalgaeofasizethatcouldbecollectedinanet(netphytoplankton)Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatonewayinwhichmanyoftheearlyresearchersongrazercontrolcouldhaveimprovedtheirdatawouldhavebeento(A)emphasizetheeffectsoftemperature,ratherthanoflight,onphytoplankton(B)disregardnannoplanktonintheiranalysisofphytoplanktonnumbers(C)collectphytoplanktonof

allsizesbeforeanalyzingtheextentofphytoplanktonconcentration(D)recognizethatphytoplanktonotherthannetphytoplanktoncouldbecollectedinanet5.隱形轉(zhuǎn)折

有時候，考試試題中并沒有強轉(zhuǎn)折。但是以另外的形式體現(xiàn)出來，如seems,perhaps,maybe，甚至是括號都可以隱含的表達轉(zhuǎn)折。Promisingasitisforminoritybusinesses,thisincreasedpatronageposesdangersforthem,too.First,minorityfirmsriskexpandingtoofastandoverextendingthemselvesfinancially,sincemostaresmallconcernsand,unlikelargebusinesses,theyoftenneedtomakesubstantialinvestmentsinnewplants,staff,equipment,andthelikeinordertoperformworksubcontractedtothem.Thepassagesuppliesinformationthatwouldanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions?(A)Whatisonesetofconditionsunderwhichasmallbusinessmightfinditselffinanciallyoverextended?(B)Towhichgovernmentagenciesmustbusinessesawardedfederalcontractsreporttheireffortstofindminoritysubcontractors?(C)Howwidespreadistheuseofminority-ownedconcernsas“fronts”byWhitebackersseekingtoobtainsubcontracts?(D)Howmanymoreminority-ownedbusinessesweretherein1977thanin1972?Third,aminorityenterprisethatsecuresthebusinessofonelargecorporatecustomeroftenrunsthedangerofbecoming—andremaining—dependent.Eveninthebestofcircumstances,fiercecompetitionfromlarger,moreestablishedcompaniesmakesitdifficultforsmallconcernstobroadentheircustomerbases:whensuchfirmshavenearlyguaranteedordersfromasinglecorporatebenefactor,theymaytrulyhavetostruggleagainstcomplacencyarisingfromtheircurrentsuccess.Theauthorimpliesthataminority-ownedconcernthatdoesthegreaterpartofitsbusinesswithonelargecorporatecustomershould(A)avoidcompetitionwithlarger,moreestablishedconcernsbynotexpanding(B)concentrateonsecuringevenmorebusinessfromthatcorporation(C)trytoexpanditscustomerbasetoavoidbecomingdependentonthecorporation(D)passonsomeoftheworktobedoneforthecorporationtootherminority-ownedconcernsRecentdiscoveriesinmolecularbiolo