人教版（2019）選擇性必修 第二冊(cè)Unit 5 First Aid期末復(fù)習(xí)敲重點(diǎn)學(xué)案（含答案）

Unit5FirstAid—2023-2024學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）選擇性必修第二冊(cè)期末復(fù)習(xí)敲重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)整合1learnsomenewwordsandexpressions2haveafurtherunderstandingoftheunit3learnandmasterv-ing思維導(dǎo)圖回顧知識(shí)重難知識(shí)易混易錯(cuò)動(dòng)詞-ing形式一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式的用法1.作主語(yǔ)Seeingisbelieving.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。注意：通常為了避免句子主語(yǔ)過(guò)于冗長(zhǎng)，用it作形式主語(yǔ)。It'snicetalkingwithyou.和你談話很高興。2.作賓語(yǔ)Jimdislikeseatingchocolate.吉姆不喜歡吃巧克力。注意：后面須接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞（詞組）：避免錯(cuò)過(guò)少延期avoidmissputoff/postpone建議完成多練習(xí)suggestfinishpractice喜歡想象禁不住enjoyimaginecan'thelp

承認(rèn)否定不喜歡admitdenydislike

逃避冒險(xiǎn)莫原諒escaperiskexcuse

忍受保持不介意standkeepmind3.作表語(yǔ)Theirjobiscleaningthewindow.他們的工作是擦窗戶。4.作定語(yǔ)（1）動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以單獨(dú)作定語(yǔ)。asmilingface笑臉aleadingfigure領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人物（2）當(dāng)-ing分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以轉(zhuǎn)換為定語(yǔ)從句。ShewentonboardthetrainleavingforBeijing.=ShewentonboardthetrainwhichwasleavingforBeijing.她坐上了去北京的列車(chē)。5.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Ifoundtheparadequiteinterestingtowatch.我覺(jué)得觀看游行很有趣6.作狀語(yǔ)-ing分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示在進(jìn)行一個(gè)動(dòng)作的同時(shí)所進(jìn)行的另一個(gè)動(dòng)作，它對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞起修飾和陪襯的作用。-ing分詞作狀語(yǔ)可以表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、方式或伴隨情況。Havingcleanedtheroomswebegantoweedthegarden.（時(shí)間）打掃完房間，我們開(kāi)始在花園里除草。Havingnointerestinthetopic,hedidn'tgotothelecture.（原因）由于對(duì)這個(gè)話題沒(méi)有興趣，他沒(méi)去聽(tīng)講座。Itwilltakeyouhalfanhourtogettothestation,allowingfortrafficdelays.（條件）如果把路上的耽擱算進(jìn)去，你要花半小時(shí)才能到車(chē)站。Grantingtheachievementstobegreat,thereisstillsomethingtobedesired.（讓步）（盡管）認(rèn)可成就是偉大的，（但）仍有一些要改進(jìn)的地方。Mycarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thuscausingthedelay.（結(jié)果）我的車(chē)遇到了交通堵塞，因此延誤了。Travellingbytrain,wevisitedanumberofcities.（方式）我們坐火車(chē)游覽了很多城市。Marysatbythewindowoftheclassroom,readingabook.（伴隨）瑪麗坐在教室的窗戶旁，正在讀一本書(shū)。二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式用法的注意事項(xiàng)1.形式變化主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendoneThequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.正在被討論的那個(gè)問(wèn)題十分重要。Havingbeenpraisedbytheteacher，hestudiesevenharder.被老師表?yè)P(yáng)之后，他學(xué)習(xí)更加努力了。注意：動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定式是在前面加not。Nothavingstudiedhislessonsveryhard，hefailedhistest由于沒(méi)有努力學(xué)習(xí)功課，他沒(méi)有通過(guò)考試。2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式前面有時(shí)可加名詞所有格、物主代詞或人稱(chēng)代詞賓格。Sophia'shavingseenthemdidnotsurpriseus.索菲婭看見(jiàn)他們并不使我們感到驚奇。Ihopeyoudon'tmindmysayingthat.我希望你不介意我那么說(shuō)。Hesaidnothingaboutuslosingthegame.他對(duì)我們輸?shù)舯荣愔蛔治刺帷?.動(dòng)詞-ing形式用作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。Turningtotheright,you'llfindthepostofficethere.向右轉(zhuǎn)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)郵局在那里。4.由before，after，when，while，since等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句常常可以轉(zhuǎn)換為對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞-ing短語(yǔ)。Whenhegotoutofthebathtub,heslippedandfellonthefloor.→Whengettingoutofthebathtub,heslippedandfellonthefloor.當(dāng)他從浴缸里出來(lái)時(shí)，他滑倒在了地板上。Aftershehadbeenbittenbymosquitoes,sheappliedsomemedicinetoherskin.→Afterhavingbeenbittenbymosquitoes,sheappliedsomemedicinetoherskin.被蚊子叮咬后，她在皮膚上涂了一些藥。Aminuteago,shefelldownwhileshewastryingtoopenthewindow.→Aminuteago,shefelldownwhiletryingtoopenthewindow.一分鐘前，她在試圖打開(kāi)窗戶時(shí)摔倒了。5.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語(yǔ)置于名詞前時(shí)有兩種情況。一種表示被修飾的名詞正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作，如：aswimminggirl（正在游泳的女孩），另一種表示被修飾的名詞的性能、用途，如：aswimmingpool（游泳池）。練習(xí)：1.__________(recover)fromdepression,Shimakagedecidedtosharehisexperienceonlinewiththosesufferingfromthesamedisease.2.________(wait)foranhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedhehadn'ttakenhisIDcard.3.AChinaEasternAirlinesplanecrashedinTengxiancounty,________(kill)132people.4._____(take)advantageofthesite'sgreatstart,Fionadecidedtoaddmorecontent.5.Nervously_____(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords"Beyourself".6.Itwillgenerateasmuchelectricityasabout40milliontonnesofcoalwithoutcausingsomuchairpollution,______(make)hisdreamcometrue.7.Somefarmersleavetheirhometownandgotoworkincities,______(struggle)toincreasetheirincome.8.Thechildwasfound______(wander)thestreetsalone.9.Tohiscredit,Tomsuccessfullyattractedherattention,______(leave)adeepimpressiononher.10.________(notfinish)thework,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.答案：1.答案：Havingrecovered解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：從抑郁癥中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)后，Shimakage決定在網(wǎng)上與那些患有同樣疾病的人分享他的經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)句意可知，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)動(dòng)詞recover和主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，故用其現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作狀語(yǔ)，作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故填Havingrecovered。2.答案：Havingwaited解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：已經(jīng)等了一個(gè)小時(shí)了，湯姆突然意識(shí)到他沒(méi)有帶身份證。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)在句中作狀語(yǔ)，且Tom和wait之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，wait的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在realized之前，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。故填Havingrecovered。3.答案：killing解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:中國(guó)東方航空公司架飛機(jī)在騰縣墜毀，132人死亡。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知kill在句中應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，與邏輯主語(yǔ)AChinaEasternAirlinesplanecrashedinTengxiancounty構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。表示意料之中的結(jié)果。故填killing。4.答案：Taking解析：考查現(xiàn)在分詞。前后兩分句之間無(wú)并列連詞,空格處需用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;take與其邏輯主語(yǔ)Fiona之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,需用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填Taking。5.答案：facing解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處是做句子的狀語(yǔ),需用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,其邏輯主語(yǔ)是I,與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)。故填facing。6.答案：making解析：句意為:它會(huì)產(chǎn)生約四千萬(wàn)噸煤可產(chǎn)生的電力,且不會(huì)造成如此嚴(yán)重的空氣污染,這使他的夢(mèng)想成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,此處與前面沒(méi)有連詞連接,應(yīng)填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式,make與邏輯主語(yǔ)It為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。故填making。7.答案：struggling解析：句意為:一些農(nóng)民離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)到城市工作,為增加收入而努力。句子已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞leave,設(shè)空處前后沒(méi)有連詞,故此處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。struggle和句子的邏輯主語(yǔ)Somefarmers之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填struggling。8.答案：wandering解析：句意為:這個(gè)小孩被發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)人在街上游蕩。本句的謂語(yǔ)為wasfound,設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式,此處為"find+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)形式,原先應(yīng)作賓語(yǔ)的Thechild在本句中作主語(yǔ),Thechild與wander之間為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故填wandering。9.答案：leaving解析：句意為:值得稱(chēng)贊的是,湯姆成功地吸引了她的注意,給她留下了深刻的印象。設(shè)空處前后沒(méi)有連詞,且前面已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞attracted,因此設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ),Tom和leave之間是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填leaving。10.答案：Nothavingfinished解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：由于還沒(méi)有完成工作，他們不得不在那兒再待兩周。根據(jù)句意可知，notfinish動(dòng)作發(fā)生在havetostay之前，而且句子主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞finish之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式的否定式。故填Nothavingfinished。核心素養(yǎng)對(duì)接高考1.HowdoyouknowIamreallyahumanwritingthisarticleandnotarobot?Forbesuses①_____AIrobotcalledBertietoassistinprovidingreporters②_____firstdraftsfornewsstories.TheWashingtonPostalso③_____(have)arobotreportercalledHeliograf.Initsfirstyear,approximately850articles④_____(publish)anditevenearnedanawardforits"ExcellenceinUseofBots".However,TheWashingtonPostisusingitnottoreplacejournalists,buttoassistthemandmaketheirjobs⑤_____(easy)andfaster.Journalistsareworriedthatthecontentwrittenbyrobotscouldweakenreliablemediaoutletsthattheywriteforbynot⑥_____(produce)qualitycontent.However,somesaythatwillnotbethecasebutratherincreasethequalitybygivingreporterstheability⑦_(dá)____(concentrate)onqualityoverquantity.Allinall,thiscould⑧_____(true)benefitjounalism."Theworkiscreative.It'sabout⑨_____(curious)storytelling,diggingandholdinggovernmentsaccountable.Andit'saboutcriticalthinkingandjudgment.Theseare⑩_____wewantourjournalistsspendingtheirenergy,"APDirectorofNewsPartnershipsLisaGibbssaid.2.Werarelygoaboutour①_______(day)livesthinkingandpreparingfortheworstcircumstances.Fires,caraccidents,heartattacksandotheremergencysituationsmaycomeaboutatanymoment.Manydangersarearoundusconstantly.Howwillwereactinthosetimes?Sometimes,it'sbetter②_______(get)preparedfortheworst.Thereare③_______numberofthingswecandobylearningafewlifesavingskillsforconditions④_______ourcontrol.Onenecessaryskillwecanarm⑤_______(we)withismasteringCPR(心臟復(fù)蘇).Thiscancomein⑥_______(especial)handyforthoseintherestaurantanddiningindustries.Statisticshaveshownthatpeoplechokingontheirfoodwhile⑦_(dá)______(eat)isnotuncommonatall.AsimilarskillthatwouldcomeinhandyinadditiontoCPRistheHeimlichManeuver(哈姆立克急救法),_______⑧canbeusedtogetoutaforeignobject(異物)fromsomeonewhoischoking.Ourhealthisourgreatestinvestmentamongallthethings.Whilewecan'tguardagainstallmisfortunesanddiseases,gettingtoknowsomefirstaidskills⑨_______(be)quiteuseful.Itdoesn'tneedmuchtimeormoney,butwemaygivean⑩_______(extend)oflifetootherpeoplethroughproperhelp.3.HenryDunant(1828-1910)wasborninGeneva,Switzerland.In1856,hecreatedatradingcompanywhichdidbusinessinAlgeria,aFrenchcolonyatthetime.①_______,thecompanyranintolegaltroubles,andtheauthoritieswereofnohelptohim,sohedecided②_______(appeal)directlytotheFrenchleader,NapoleonIII,in1859,atSolferino,Italy.Hisexperiencesthereofattendingwoundedprisonersledtothe③_______(create)oftheRedCrossin1863.Dunantcontinuedonwithhistradingcompany,butitwas④_______failure.Everyoneheknewturnedtheirbackonhimandhe⑤_______(force)toleaveGeneva.Havingfailedateverachievinghisworldlyambitions,hegaveuptheideaofmakingmoneyanddevoted⑥_______(he)tovolunteerwork.Helivedinpovertyin⑦_(dá)______(vary)citiesinEuropeforyears.In1887,hebeganreceivingasmallincomefromdistantrelatives,andwenttoliveinHeiden,Switzerland.⑧_______time,heslowlybeganmakingfriendsandadmirersagain.In1895,whileoutonawalk,hemettheeditorofalocalnewspaper,whowroteastoryabouthim.Thearticlewas⑨_______(wide)reprintedthroughoutEuropeandledtoagreatdealofinterestinhim,⑩_______(make)himwinfirst-everNobelPeacePrizein1901.答案：1.答案：①an②with③has④werepublished⑤easier⑥producing⑦toconcentrate⑧truly⑨curiosity⑩where解析：①考查冠詞。此處泛指一個(gè)智能機(jī)器人,所以應(yīng)用不定冠詞修飾,且AI的發(fā)音以元音音素開(kāi)頭。故填an。②考查介詞。providesb.withsth.給某人提供某物。故填with。③考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句子的主語(yǔ)是"TheWashingtonPost",是一份報(bào)紙的名稱(chēng),為單數(shù)概念,且應(yīng)與上句中的uses時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。故填has。④考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子成分可知,空處為句子的謂語(yǔ),與句子的主語(yǔ)"850articles"構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),且根據(jù)and可知,此處應(yīng)與earned的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致,即一般過(guò)去時(shí),又因?yàn)?50articles為復(fù)數(shù),所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填werepublished。⑤考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)該句中的and可知,空處與faster并列,故用形容詞的比較級(jí)形式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故填easier。⑥考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ),空處做介詞by的賓語(yǔ)。故填producing。⑦考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。theabilitytodosth.做某事的能力,此處用不定式做后置定語(yǔ)。故填toconcentrate。⑧考查副詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處應(yīng)用副詞,修飾動(dòng)詞benefit。故填truly。⑨考查名詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處應(yīng)為名詞,做介詞about的賓語(yǔ)。故填curiosity。⑩考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,在從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ);結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知,此處表示這些就是我們想讓新聞工作者投入精力之所在。故填where。2.答案：1.daily2.toget3.a4.beyond5.ourselves6.especially7.eating8.which9.is10.extension解析：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了在日常生活中,我們應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)一些救生技能。①考查形容詞。句意:我們很少在日常生活中考慮和準(zhǔn)備最壞的情況。修飾名詞lives,用形容詞形式作定語(yǔ)。故填daily。②考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:有時(shí)候,做最壞的打算會(huì)更好。It's+adj.+todo做某事是的,it為形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。故填toget。③考查冠詞。句意:在我們無(wú)法控制的情況下,通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)一些教生技能,我們可以做很多事情。anumberof許多。故填a。④考查介詞。句意:在我們無(wú)法控制的情況下,通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)一些教生技能,我們可以做很多事情。名詞control前用介詞形式。beyondcontrol無(wú)法控制。故填beyond。⑤考查代詞。句意:一個(gè)必要的技能我們可以武裝自己掌握心肺復(fù)蘇。armoneselfwithsth.以......為武器:用......把自己武裝起來(lái)。故填ourselves。⑥考查副詞。句意:這對(duì)于那些在餐館和餐飲行業(yè)的人來(lái)說(shuō)尤其方便。修飾形容詞handy,用副詞形式作狀語(yǔ)。故填especially。⑦考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:數(shù)據(jù)顯示,人們?cè)诔燥垥r(shí)被食物噎住的情況并不少見(jiàn)。while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),如果從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同,那么從句的主語(yǔ)和從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be都可以省略。主語(yǔ)people與eat之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填eating。⑧考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:除了心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù),還有一項(xiàng)類(lèi)似的技巧,哈姆立克急救法也能派上用場(chǎng),它可以幫助室息的人取出異物。先行詞為theHeimlichManeuver,指物,在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),所以用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。⑨考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:雖然我們不能預(yù)防所有的不幸和疾病,但了解一些急救技能是非常有用的。陳述客觀事實(shí),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。故填is。⑩考查名詞。句意:它不需要太多的時(shí)間或金錢(qián),但我們可以通過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)膸椭娱L(zhǎng)別人的生命。不定冠詞an和介詞of之間接名詞的單數(shù)形式。故填ex