英語UNIT5WORKINGTHELAND15課時分層作業(yè)

UNIT5WORKINGTHELAND課時分層作業(yè)(十五)Ⅰ.閱讀理解AIt'snoteverydaythatUnitedStateshistorymixeswithmicrobes(微生物)inthesoil.ButwhenthegrasslandontheNationalMallinWashington,D．C.wasreplaced,itofferedscientiststheopportunitytostudychangesinthesoilbeneath.Theworkfocusedonthebacteriapresentinthesoil.Totheresearchers'surprise,thecommunitiesofmicrobesdidnotchangealotbeforeandafterthereplacement.Thesecommunitiesinthesoilareknownasthesoilmicrobiome(微生物群).“Mylabisinterestedinhowmicrobescanmovearoundintheenvironment,andhowtheychangeandadaptasaresultofthismovement，”explainsJoAnneCrouch，theleadauthorofthestudy.“Wethoughtthatthenew‘imported’turf(草皮)fromNewJerseywouldintroducedifferentcommunitiesofbacteriatotheNationalMall.However,wefoundthattheyweren'tsignificantlydifferent.”Crouch'sworkfocusedonturfgrass,definedasalargeareaofgreengrass.Itismadeupofthegrass，itsroots,andthesoilandmicrobesfoundwiththem.Thinkofthesoilmicrobiomeassimilartothecollectionofmicrobesfoundinthehumanbody.Whenthemicrobesareoutofbalance,itcanmakesomeonesick.Crouchsaysit'sthesameforthesoilmicrobiome.Manyoftheworstdiseasesincropsorotherenvironmentsarelinkedwithchangesinthesoilmicrobiome.Additionally,Crouchsaysthateventhoughthechangesbetweenthesoilsweresmall,scientistsarealsostartingtoappreciatethatsometimesareallyimportantmicrobeisarareone.Thismeansitwouldbehardtoobservebutcouldgreatlyaffecthowthegroupsfunctionasawhole.“Agriculturalareasandothernaturalspacesarehighlyandeasilyhurtbynegativechanges，”shesays.“Microbiomesofferanalmostentirelynewopportunitytoinfluenceinteractionsamongplantsandmicrobestoimproveplantproductivityandhealth.”[語篇解讀]本文主要介紹對微生物群落的研究，該研究對農(nóng)業(yè)是有益的。1．Whydidtheresearchersfeelsurprisedwhentheyfocusedonthebacteriainthesoil?A．Morebacteriaappearedinthesoil.B．Microbeswerereplacedobviously.C．Soilmicrobiomealmostremainedstable.D．Thesoilmicrobiomesdamagedtheenvironment.C[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Totheresearchers'surprise，thecommunitiesofmicrobesdidnotchangealotbeforeandafterthereplacement.”可知，讓研究者驚訝的是土壤微生物群落變化不大，C項與該意思相符。]2．Bystudyingtheturfgrass,whatdidCrouchandherteamfind?A．Microbesgrewfasterintheirowncommunity.B．Soilmicrobiomesweredifferentindifferentplaces.C．Turfgrassadaptedtotheenvironmentnearbyverysoon.D．Similarcommunitiesofbacteriawerebroughtbyturfgrass.D[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二、三兩句可知，通過研究草坪草，克勞奇和她的團隊發(fā)現(xiàn)草坪草帶來了類似的細菌群落。]3．Whydidtheauthormentionthemicrobesinthehumanbody?A．Toindicatethetwoplayasimilarrole.B．Toprovetheyareboththecausesofdiseases.C．Toexaminetheenvironmentspeoplelivein.D．Toanalyzethechangesofhumanmicrobes.A[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Thinkofthesoilmicrobiomeassimilartothecollectionofmicrobesfoundinthehumanbody.”可知，作者提到人體內(nèi)的微生物是為了表示，它們兩者起了相似的作用。]4．WhatdoesCrouchmeaninthelastparagraph?A．Microbesarestillashardtoobserveasbefore.B．Studiesonmicrobiomescanbebeneficialtoagriculture.C．Scientistsarestillpuzzledabouttheeffectofmicrobiomes.D．Toomanymicrobiomesinthesoilmeannoharmtoplants.B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的最后一句提到“微生物群落提供了一個幾乎全新的機會來影響植物和微生物之間的相互作用，以提高植物的產(chǎn)量和健康?！庇纱丝芍⑸锶郝涞难芯繉r(nóng)業(yè)是有益的。]BIleftEnglandforSydneyinSeptember.Itwasacareermoveformyhusband,andour20-year-olddaughterwasfeelingadventurousanddecidedtocome,too.However，justbeforeleavingEngland，my79-year-oldmothersufferedastroke(中風).Beingstrongandindependent,shecontinuestoliveathomewiththehelpofsocialservices.Butshecouldn'tlookafterthegarden.Ithoughthowwonderfulitwouldbeiftherewasanorganisationofferingvolunteerhelp.FriendsaskedmewhatIplannedtodoinAustralia,andItoldthemIwouldbelookingforavolunteerpositionwithagardeningcharitableorganisation.ImaginemysurprisewhenIfoundjusttheorganisationIhadbeenlookingfor—EasyCareGardening(ECG)!ThereareseveralreasonswhyIvolunteerforECG.Firstly，asanewcomertoAustraliaImeetmanygreatpeoplewho，likeme,volunteersomeoftheirtime.Wecoveralargeagerange,butalllovegardensandhelpingothers.Secondly，throughworkingwithECGIhavebeenluckyenoughtoexploreSydney'sNorthShorethatImightnothavehadtheopportunitytovisitotherwise.Finally,thereareallthosewonderfulpeoplewecall“clients(客戶)”butaremorelikefriendswhenwevisitthemoftenandtendtheirgardens.WhatgreatpeopleIhavemet，andthestoriestheyhavetotell—thefamilyhistories，wheretheycomefromandthereasonsforimmigratingtoAustralia.Ifinditaprivilegetohaveaccesstoprivategardenswhich,inmanycases,havebeenthejoyoftheirownersformanyyears.Eachoneisindividualandreflectsthecharacter,needsandthehistoryofeachfamily.Indeed,thegardensreflectthemulticulturalandhistoricalbackgroundofSydney.[語篇解讀]作者因個人經(jīng)歷決定在澳大利亞做園藝志愿者，幫助客戶打理花園。這一工作不僅讓作者能幫助他人，而且也給作者帶來了很多收獲。5．WhydidtheauthormovetoSydney?A．Herhusbandwouldworkthere.B．Sheplannedtovolunteerthere.C．Shewasverykeenonadventures.D．Shehadtolookafterhersickmother.A[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“IleftEnglandforSydneyinSeptember.Itwasacareermoveformyhusband...”可知，這次搬去悉尼是由于作者丈夫的工作變動，故選A項。]6．Whatmadetheauthorchoosetobeagardeningvolunteer?A．ThepopularityofECG.B．Thetipsofherfriends.C．Herownexperience.D．Hergardeningskills.C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段可知，作者的母親患中風不能打理花園，希望有一個能幫助他人打理花園的慈善組織，這段經(jīng)歷使她萌生了做園藝志愿者的想法。]7．WhatdothevolunteersatECGhaveincommon?A．Theymakefriendswiththeirclients.B．TheyliketoexploreSydney'sNorthC．Theyareofsimilaragesandbackgrounds.D．Theyarekind-heartedwiththesameinterest.D[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Wecoveralargeagerange，butalllovegardensandhelpingothers.”可知，該組織有各個年齡段的志愿者，他們都喜歡園藝和幫助他人。由此可知，他們都善良并有共同的興趣。]8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“one”inParagraph4referto?A．Client. B．Garden.C．Reason. D．Joy.B[代詞指代題。根據(jù)“Ifinditaprivilegetohaveaccesstoprivategardens”可知，中心詞是garden，再結合“Indeed，thegardensreflectthemulticulturalandhistoricalbackgroundofSydney.”可推斷出，這里的one指的是garden。]Ⅱ.讀后續(xù)寫閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。Iwasavolunteerforanorganizationatthebeginningofthisyear.Theorganizationisaimedathelpingchildrenwhosufferfromcancer.Oneday，wewereaskedtoraisemoneyforcancerresearchandprogramfundingatanevent.SincemyfriendLisawasalsoavolunteerfortheorganization.Iwenttotheeventwithher.Thereweremanypeopleattheevent.Afterseeingourposter，somepeoplecametousandtalkedwithus.Butfewpeopledonatedmoney.Itwasabithotthatday.BothLisaandIgotreallyupset.Halfanhourlater,Lisastartedcomplaining,“Idon'tthinkwecanraisemuchmoneytoday.”“Don'tworry.Theeventlastsforthreehours.Thereisstillalotoftimeleft，”Isaid,thoughIalsothoughtpoorlyofourplantoraisemuchmoneythatday.WhileLisaandIweretalking,alittleboyofabouteightyearsoldcametous.Hestoodinfrontofourposterandstartedreading.Afterawhile,heasked,“Whatiscancer？”Iexplainedwhatcanceris.ThenIsaid,“Manypeoplearoundtheworldaresufferingfromcancer.Itcanbereallydangerous.Moreresearchisneededtolearnaboutitsothatpeoplewithitcansufferless.That'swhywe'recollectingmoneyforit.”“Dochildrensufferfromcancer,too？”askedtheboy.“Yes.Manychildrensufferfromcancer.Someofthemmaydie.Theyneedhelp.”LisasaidandInodded.Hearingthat,theboybecamesad.Thentheboyasked，“Howmuchmoneyhaveyoucollected？”BothLisaandIwereembarrassedtotellhimthatwedidn'traisemuchmoney.Atlast,wesaid,“Notmuch.”Theboylookedintoourdonationcontainerandonlysawafewone-dollarandfive-dollarbills.Theboysaidnothingafterseeingthatandleft.Thensomegirlscametousandwestartedtalkingwiththem.NeitherLisanorIthoughttheboywouldreturn.However，abouttwentyminuteslater,theboydidreturn.注意：1.續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應為150左右；2．請按如下格式作答。Theboyhappilyrantousandasked,“Wouldyoutakeadonationfromchildren？”____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________BothLisaandIweredeeplytouched.__________________________