Unit+4+Natural+Disasters+Words+and+Expressions高中英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）必修第一冊(cè)

Unit4NaturalDisastersWordsandExpressions1.damage/?d?m?d?/vt.損害；破壞n.

損壞；損失【用法】1）如果寵物損害他人的財(cái)產(chǎn)，狗的主人應(yīng)該對(duì)此負(fù)責(zé)。Dogownersshouldberesponsibleiftheirpetscausedamage______theirproperty.2）他們?cè)O(shè)法修理了在地震中嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞的房子。Theymanagedtorepairthehousesthatwerebadly__________(damage)intheearthquake.①vt.損害，毀壞，破壞bebadly/seriously/slightlydamaged嚴(yán)重/輕微受損②

n.[U]有形的損失，破壞，損害，傷害do/causedamageto

對(duì)...造成損害/破壞【即學(xué)即練】todamaged2.destroy/d??str??/(destroyed;destroyed)vt.

摧毀；毀滅【聯(lián)想詞】1)Hisnewcarwastotally____________(destroy).2)Theaccident_________________________(毀掉了她的自信).Ittookhimalongtimetocheerup.【即學(xué)即練】_____________n.破壞,摧毀

_____________adj.毀滅性的destructiondestructive【常用搭配】becompletely/totallydestroyed被徹底摧毀destroyone’slife/faith/hope/confidencedestroyeddestroyedherconfidence3.death/deθ/n.死；死亡【聯(lián)想詞】【即學(xué)即練】________v.

死，死亡

_________adj.

死亡的________adj.

垂死的_________

adj.致命的diedeadlydeaddying1)Thousandsofpeoplesuffered__________(die)asaresultofthebombattacks.2)Hefounda__________(die)elephantwhichwaskilledbythebigfireintheforest.deathdying4.affect/??fekt/vt.

影響；（疾?。┣忠u；(感情上)深深打動(dòng)【聯(lián)想詞】【常用搭配】_________n.喜愛;感情

_________n.作用;影響affectioneffectbegreatly/deeplyaffectedby被......深深打動(dòng);深受影響判斷下面句子中affect的含義1）Mostpeoplepresentatthemeetingwereaffectedbyhisspeechyesterday._______2）Itisimportanttopayyourelectricitybillontime,aslatepaymentmayaffectyourcredit._________3）MillionsofpeopleintheworldhavebeenaffectedbyCOVID-19.________打動(dòng)影響感染4.affect/??fekt/vt.

影響；（疾?。┣忠u；(感情上)深深打動(dòng)【即學(xué)即練】Deeply_________（affect)bythestoryofthegirlwhoseeyesight____________（affect）bythedisease,allthestudentsmovedintotears..affectedwasaffected5.shelter/??elt?(r)/n.避難處；居所vt.保護(hù)；掩蔽vi.躲避（風(fēng)雨或危險(xiǎn)）【用法】①n.遮蔽物，庇護(hù)處，收容所，居所undertheshelterof在……的庇護(hù)下takeshelterfrom躲避...②vt.保護(hù)，掩蔽vi.躲避（風(fēng)雨或危險(xiǎn)）sheltersb./sth.(from...)保護(hù)/庇護(hù)某人/某物（免受...）shelterfrom....躲避...5.shelter/??elt?(r)/n.避難處；居所vt.保護(hù)；掩蔽vi.躲避（風(fēng)雨或危險(xiǎn)）1）It’ssohot,andwe’dbetterfindatreetotakeshelter_________thesun.2）Someparentsarejusttooprotective.Theywantto__________________________（保護(hù)他們的孩子免受)everykindofdanger,realorimagined..【即學(xué)即練】fromsheltertheirchildrenfrom6.asif/?z?f/=asthough似乎；好像；仿佛【用法】①引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句：主語(yǔ)+looks/appears/seems/soundsasif(或asthough)...

Itseemedasifheenjoyedmycompany.②引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句：Shelovestheboyasifshewerehismother.③從句的語(yǔ)氣及時(shí)態(tài)A.當(dāng)asif從句所描述的內(nèi)容是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實(shí)，從句常用陳述語(yǔ)氣。Darkcloudsaregathering.Itlooksasif/asthoughit’sgoingtorain.B.當(dāng)asif從句表示的是不真實(shí)的或不可能發(fā)生的情況時(shí)，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。與過(guò)去相反使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)與將來(lái)相反would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形與現(xiàn)在相反使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be--were)6.asif/?z?f/=asthough似乎；好像；仿佛【即學(xué)即練】1)Tomakethemostofyourtime,valueeverymomentasifit________(be)yourlast.2)Whenfatandsaltareremovedfromfood,thefoodtastesasifit_______(be)missingsomething.wereis7.ruin/?ru??n/n.&vt.

破壞；毀壞【用法】①n.[U]毀壞，毀滅；[pl.]廢墟，殘?jiān)珨啾趇nruins嚴(yán)重受損；破敗不堪be/lieinruins成為廢墟；毀滅fallintoruin衰落，敗落②vt.毀壞，破壞，糟蹋ruinone’shealth/fame/future【即學(xué)即練】1)地震之后整個(gè)城市成了一片廢墟，這讓我們徹夜未眠。Thewholecity________________aftertheearthquake,whichmadeusawakeallnight.2)Wevisitedthe________ofthesummerpalacelastwinter.It____________byforeigninvaders.(ruin)layinruinsruinswasruined7.ruin/?ru??n/n.&vt.

破壞；毀壞damage

指部分損壞，降低價(jià)值；可修復(fù)destroy

徹底破壞；難以修復(fù)ruin

常常指破壞(美好事物)①Thefirebadly_____________theNotreDamedeParis.②Heatgradually____________vitaminC.③Thebadweather___________myholidayinThailand.【詞語(yǔ)辨析】damageddestroysruined8.shock/??k/n.震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.(使)震驚【聯(lián)想詞】【用法】_________adj.令人震驚的；令人氣憤的（多修飾事物） _________adj.

震驚的；憤概的（多修飾人的表情，聲音等）shockingshocked①n.震驚，令人震驚的事物inshock震驚；處于休克狀態(tài)cultureshock文化沖擊②vt.使震驚beshockedat/by對(duì)……感到震驚beshockedtodosth.對(duì)做某事感到震驚beshockedthat...對(duì)...感到震驚Itshockssb.that......讓某人感到震驚Itshockedmetolearnthathehadbeeninjured.=Itshockedmethathehadbeeninjured.=Iwasshockedtolearnthathehadbeeninjured.【即學(xué)即練】8.shock/??k/n.震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.(使)震驚1）Itshockedme__________（think）howclosewehadcometobeingkilled.2）Peoplewere_________（shock）toseethatthelittlegirlwasoftenbeatenbyherstepmother.The__________（shock）news________（shock）allthepeoplearound，whichwasalsoashocktoherfatherwhowasworkingabroad.tothinkshockedshockingshocked【常用搭配】9.trap/tr?p/vt.(trapped;trapped)n.

險(xiǎn)境；陷v.使落入險(xiǎn)境；使陷入圈套驚betrappedin...=becaughtin...=bestuckin...被困在...trapsb.intodoingsth.誘使某人做某事1)Ididn’tgettoschoolontimebecauseI__________________（被困在）theheavyrain.2)ThemantrappedTom________tellingthetruth.3)Aftertheearthquake,manypeople_________________(trap)intheruins.Fortunately,thesoldierssooncametotheirrescue.【即學(xué)即練】wastrappedinintoweretrapped【常用搭配】10.bury/?beri/vt.

埋葬；安葬【拓展延伸】bury...in...把......埋到......里buryone’sfaceinone’shands雙手掩面beburiedin....=buryoneselfin.....專心致志于“專心于，致力于”的多種表達(dá)：belostin=beabsorbedin=devoteoneselfto=bedevotedto=concentrateon=focuson【即學(xué)即練】10.bury/?beri/vt.

埋葬；安葬1)

考試即將來(lái)臨，大多數(shù)學(xué)生埋頭于學(xué)習(xí)中。Withtheexamcoming,mostofstudentsare__________________________theirstudy.=Withtheexamcoming,mostofstudentsare__________intheirstudy.2)He________________________________（雙手掩面）andburstintotears.3)因?yàn)樗麑Ｐ挠趯W(xué)習(xí)中，所以不知道外面正在下雪。Becausehe____________________________,hedidn’tknowitwassnowingoutside._______________________________,hedidn’tknowitwassnowingoutside.（用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)）_____________________,hedidn’tknowitwassnowingoutside.（過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)）buryingthemselvesinburiedburiedhisfaceinhishandsburiedhimselfinthebookBuryinghimselfinthebookBuriedinthebook11.breathe/bri?e/vi.&vt.呼吸【聯(lián)想詞】_________n.呼吸的空氣；一次吸入的空氣breathbreathein/out吸氣/呼氣outofbreath氣喘吁吁，上氣不接下氣

holdone’sbreath屏住呼吸takeadeepbreath深吸一口氣

loseone’sbreath喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)【常用搭配】1)Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogoodto__________（breathe）.2)Daniel__________________（深吸一口氣）anddivedintothewater.3)Thedoctortoldmeto___________________（深深吸氣）andthen___________________（慢慢呼氣）.11.breathe/bri?e/vi.&vt.呼吸【即學(xué)即練】breathetookadeepbreathbreatheindeeplybreatheoutslowly【常用搭配】12.effort/?ef?t/n.

努力；艱難的嘗試；盡力【即學(xué)即練】makeefforts/anefforttodosth.努力做某事sparenoefforttodosth.不遺余力地做某事1)他不遺余力地為高考做準(zhǔn)備，最終他被他一直夢(mèng)想的大學(xué)錄取了。He__________________topreparehimselfforthecollegeentranceexam,andfinallyhewasadmittedtotheuniversityhehadbeendreamingof.2)杰克已經(jīng)努力提高他的中文水平。Jack_________________________________hisEnglish.sparednoefforthasmadeanefforttoimprove13.wisdom/?w?zd?m/n.智慧；才智【聯(lián)想詞】_________adj.

明智的，智慧的

_________adj.不明智的wiseunwise14.suffer/s?f?/vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等）受苦【聯(lián)想詞】__________n.苦難；痛苦

_________

n.患病者；受苦者sufferingsufferersufferfromsth受…的折磨sufferforsth因…受苦sufferpain/defeat/loss/hardship遭受痛苦/失敗/損失/苦難【常用搭配】【即學(xué)即練】14.suffer/s?f?/vt.遭受；蒙受

vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等）受苦1）She_______________(suffer)severedepressionafterlosingherjob.2）Hewastedhisyouth,andnowheis_______________(suffer)it.3）He________(suffer)amassiveheartattack.4）Thisexperiencecausedhimmuchmental_________(suffer).sufferedfromsufferingforsufferingsuffered15.erupt/??r?pt/vi.&vt.

（火山）爆發(fā)；（巖漿、煙等）噴出【聯(lián)想詞】__________n.

噴發(fā)，爆發(fā)eruption【常用搭配】16.supply/s??pla?/n.

供應(yīng)（量）；補(bǔ)給；[pl.]補(bǔ)給品vt.供應(yīng)；供給supplyanddemand供需inshortsupply供應(yīng)短缺medical/reliefsupplies醫(yī)療/救援物資補(bǔ)給supplysb.withsth./supplysth.tosb./sth.供應(yīng)…給某人providesb.withsth./providesth.forsb.提供…給某人16.supply/s??pla?/n.

供應(yīng)（量）；補(bǔ)給；[pl.]補(bǔ)給品vt.供應(yīng)；供給【即學(xué)即練】1)Foreigngovernmentssuppliedarms_______thearmy.2)Intheearthquake-strickenarea,dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfood_________(supply).3)Atthebeginningofthisterm,studentsaresupplied_______alistofbooksthattheyareexpectedtoread.4)Thisthemepark,whichisbasedoncartoonstories,usesthemostadvancedtechnologytoprovidevisitors________abrandnewexperienceofthrillsandfun.suppliestowithwith17.survive/s??va?v/vi.

生存；存活vt.幸存；艱難度過(guò)【聯(lián)想詞】【常用搭配】__________n.幸存，生存

____________

n.幸存者survivalsurvivorsurviveonsth依靠.......生活survivesb.by+時(shí)間比.....活或者存在的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)【即學(xué)即練】17.survive/s??va?v/vi.

生存；存活vt.

幸存；艱難度過(guò)1)Itisreportedthattheonly__________(survive)inthecarcrashwasbadlyinjured.2)Earthquakescannotbepredicted,butyourchancesof__________________(survive)aremuchlargerifyouknowwhattodowhenanearthquakestrikes.3)TomisbikingacrossEurope,survivingentirely_______discarded(丟棄的）food.survivorsurvival/survivingon【用法】18.power/?pa??(r)/n.

電力供應(yīng)；能量；力量；控制力①n.電力供應(yīng)，能量powerstation/windpower②n.統(tǒng)治，政權(quán)，能力，影響力beinpower執(zhí)政cometopower開始掌權(quán)/執(zhí)政withinone’spower在某人能力/權(quán)力范圍之內(nèi)beyond/outofone’spower力所不能及的③vt.驅(qū)動(dòng)，推動(dòng)（機(jī)器或車輛）【即學(xué)即練】18.power/?pa??(r)/n.

電力供應(yīng)；能量；力量；控制力1)眾所周知，知識(shí)就是量。Asisknowntoall,knowledgeis__________.2)成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)在我的能力范圍之內(nèi)。Finishingthetaskis_____________________.powerwithinmypower【聯(lián)想詞】19.strike/stra?k/vi.&vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵襲；擊打n.罷工；襲擊___________adj.引人注目的，顯著的，驚人的striking【常用搭配】be/goonstrike在罷工

strikeadeal達(dá)成協(xié)議strikeabalance兩者兼顧，達(dá)到平衡Itstrikes/strucksb.that...=Ithits/hitsb.that...=Itoccurs/occurredtosbthat...某人突然想起某事19.strike/stra?k/vi.&vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵襲；擊打n.罷工；襲擊判斷下面句子中strike的詞性及含義Thecountrywasstruckbysuchterriblestormsasfewcitizenshadeverexperiencedbefore.________(2)Astheclockstrucknine,playerstookuptheirpositionsandthematchbegan._________(3)Scientistshavefound2siteswheregiantasteroidsstruckearthmillionsofyearsago.__________(4)WhenIgothome,Ifoundthedooropen.Aterriblethoughtstruckmethatsomeonehadbrokenintomyhouse.____________(5)BeforetheflightmadeastopoverinFrance,thecaptainannouncedthatbecauseofastrikenoflightswereleavingParis.____________vt.

侵襲vt.敲(鐘)vt.碰、撞vt.突然想到n.罷工【即學(xué)即練】19.strike/stra?k/vi.&vt.(struck,struck/stricken)侵襲；擊打n.罷工；襲擊1)It____________(strike)methatIhadleftmykeyintheoffice.2)Alargenumberofworkersare_________strikeforhigherwages.3)Theearthquake______________(strike)Tangshanatmidnightandthecitylayinruinsatonemoment.struckonstruck【聯(lián)想詞】20.deliver/d??l?v?(r)/vi.&vt.

傳遞；傳達(dá)vt.發(fā)表__________n.

遞送；分娩deliverydeliversth.to...把某物投遞/傳送/運(yùn)送到......deliveramessage傳話deliverababy接生

deliveralecture/speech發(fā)表演講【常用搭配】1)本周末李教授將在學(xué)校大廳發(fā)表演講。ProfessorLiwill_________________attheschoolhallthisweekend.2)Dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficultto________(運(yùn)送）

foodandsupplies.2)Youcanhavefood___________toyourhouseusingfood_________apps.(deliver)3)Thedoor-to-doorfood__________(deliver)servicehasbecomeincreasinglypopularincitiesduetothefastdevelopmentofonlineshoppingandthebusylifeinChina.【即學(xué)即練】20.deliver/d??l?v?(r)/vi.&vt.

傳遞；傳達(dá)vt.發(fā)表