從問題到程序：CC++程序設計基礎 裘宗燕 課后作業(yè)匯總 1-8

--《高級語言程序設計》課后作業(yè)第1章程序設計和C/C++語言院系&專業(yè)：______________學生姓名：____________學號：______________填空題：馮·諾依曼體系結(jié)構(gòu)中，計算機系統(tǒng)由__________________、__________________、存儲器、輸入設備和輸出設備組成。計算機能夠自動地完成各種工作的基礎是________________和________________原理。計算機系統(tǒng)由_________________和軟件系統(tǒng)兩部分組成。軟件系統(tǒng)一般可分為系統(tǒng)軟件和_____________________兩大類。工業(yè)上把計算機的運算器和控制器做在一起，稱為_________________________。計算機的存儲器分為__________________________和____________________（硬盤、優(yōu)盤等）。編程語言的發(fā)展可以分為三個階段：機器語言、________________和________________按照語言在計算機系統(tǒng)中的實現(xiàn)技術，高級語言大致可以分為兩種類型：__________和____________C語言的兩個主要國際標準是____________和____________。用戶按照C++語言的規(guī)則編輯保存的文件稱為源文件或源程序，擴展名為____________。每個C/C++程序都必須有一個且只能有一個______________，程序執(zhí)行時將從它的第一條語句開始，到它結(jié)束為止。C/C++語言源程序經(jīng)過__________和__________后才能生成________________（擴展名為_________)。通常人們都用IDE軟件進行C/C++語言程序開發(fā)工作。“IDE”的中文含義是：______________________。可用于C/C++語言開發(fā)工作的IDE有多種，本課程教學中使用的免費IDE是____________，微軟公司出品的可用于各種編程語言的IDE稱為________________________編譯源程序時，如果出現(xiàn)錯誤信息“非法字符'\241'在程序中”，原因是________________________請說明下面程序中的每一行代碼的含義：/*簡單的C++入門程序*/ ________________________________________#include<iostream> ________________________________________usingnamespacestd; ________________________________________//主函數(shù) ________________________________________intmain() ___________________________________{ ________________________________________ cout<<"勤學好問自強不息"<<endl; ________________________________________ return0; ________________________________________} ________________________________________《高級語言程序設計》課后作業(yè)第2章數(shù)據(jù)與簡單計算程序院系&專業(yè)：______________學生姓名：____________學號：______________填空題：在C/C++語言里，要給各種對象命名以便相互區(qū)分，這些名字叫做____________。標識符可以由____________、____________和下劃線組成，而且第一個字符必須是____________。（名詞解釋）關鍵字：___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________C/C++程序中描述計算過程的基本單位是語句。語句必須以____________結(jié)束。C/C++語言中的三種基本數(shù)據(jù)類型是____________、____________和____________。用32位二進制數(shù)表示帶正負號的int類型數(shù)據(jù)的可表示數(shù)據(jù)范圍是－________～＋________。C/C++語言中常用的三種實數(shù)類型的類型名是____________、____________和longdouble。C/C++語言中最常用的字符類型的類型名是________________在字符串中的特殊字符的換意序列寫法：換行符__________，制表符__________，單引號__________在C/C++語言源程序的語句中寫有'a'和"a"，這兩者的區(qū)別是________________________________C/C++語言中的算術運算符共有5個：________、________、________、________和______。在C++程序中常使用cout<<實現(xiàn)基本輸出操作。其中cout是_________________，“<<”是______________馮·諾依曼體系結(jié)構(gòu)中，計算機內(nèi)部數(shù)據(jù)采用__________進制編碼。存儲單位換算：1字節(jié)(Byte)包含__________位(bit)；1MB≈____________KB；1GB≈____________MB。通常用的Windows操作系統(tǒng)按照____________可以分為“32位”和“64位”兩種版本英文字符通常采用的編碼是__________________，其中空格字符的編碼是____________。（名詞解釋）溢出：_______________________________________________________________________在C++語言程序中如果需要使用各種標準數(shù)學函數(shù)，則源程序中必須寫有：#include____________。使用C/C++語言中的標準數(shù)學函數(shù)，把數(shù)學公式寫成C/C++語言表達式：

_________________________標準數(shù)學函數(shù)sin的類型特征說明為：doublesin(double)，其含義是：_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________簡答題：1、解釋在對表達式5.8+(int)(2.1*3)求值的過程中發(fā)生的類型轉(zhuǎn)換，并說出結(jié)果。答：2、如果一個由int類型數(shù)據(jù)參與計算的表達式（例如2147483647*10）在求值時出現(xiàn)溢出，怎么解決？答：《高級語言程序設計》課后作業(yè)第3章變量與控制結(jié)構(gòu)院系&專業(yè)：______________學生姓名：____________學號：______________填空題在C/C++程序中，用一對花括號把多個語句括起來，就構(gòu)成一個__________________________。變量的基本操作有兩個：__________________和__________________。關于變量的定義和使用的原則是：_______________________________________________請寫代碼定義一個int類型的變量n，并初始化為100請寫代碼定義一個char類型的變量ch，并初始化為字符'A'：一般情況下，如果沒有特殊原因，浮點計算總是應該使用________________類型。通常把名為i、j、k、m、n的變量定義為________類型，名為x、y、z的變量定義為__________類型。賦值表達式的返回值是______________________________________________________________請用一條語句定義枚舉型常量BEGIN=10和END=90：____________________________________________________某程序中寫有文字行：#definelen20，其含義是：_____________________________________________________________請寫出C/C++語言中所有6個關系運算符：________________________________________________請寫出C/C++語言中的所有3個邏輯運算符：________________________寫出判斷int類型的變量k是否大于等于0且小于10的邏輯表達式：_______________________________________程序中已定義變量k和n并賦有初值，然后有如下兩條語句：k++;n=k+5;。請按照增量運算符的含義把這兩條語句合并寫成已有整型變量k和n，執(zhí)行如下語句：k=2;n=2+++k;之后，n的值為：___________________在C++程序中常使用cin>>實現(xiàn)基本輸入操作。其中cin是______________，“>>”是_______________程序執(zhí)行的三種基本流程模式是：順序執(zhí)行、____________________和____________________。寫一個條件語句用cout<<輸出變量x的絕對值：_________________________________________________________在if(…){…}語句中需要利用“整型變量k的值不等于零”作為執(zhí)行條件，請寫出兩種寫法：（1）_______________________________________________（2）_________________________________________________（選擇題）在switch結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果某個case分支中沒有break語句，那么程序在執(zhí)行這個case分支中的語句序列之后，將會：(A)執(zhí)行相鄰的下一個case分支中的語句；(B)結(jié)束switch結(jié)構(gòu)。____do-while()結(jié)構(gòu)與while()結(jié)構(gòu)在執(zhí)行時的主要區(qū)別是____________________________________________________在循環(huán)體中的break語句的作用是_____________________________________________________________________________當無法事先確定一個循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)的循環(huán)次數(shù)時，可以在循環(huán)體內(nèi)用________________語句退出循環(huán)。如果程序可以正常地通過編譯，但是運行時結(jié)果有錯誤，說明程序中含有____________________________在測試程序時，選擇合適的測試數(shù)據(jù)的原則是：______________________________________________________________編程題1、寫一個程序，判斷1900~2500年之間的年份哪些是閏年，并輸出閏年的值。#include<iostream>_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2、寫一個程序，判斷-10~1000之間的整數(shù)哪些是質(zhì)數(shù)（注意，按照數(shù)學定義，只在正整數(shù)才有質(zhì)數(shù)和合數(shù)的概念，所有負數(shù)都不是質(zhì)數(shù)），輸出各個質(zhì)數(shù)，并統(tǒng)計輸出此范圍內(nèi)的質(zhì)數(shù)總個數(shù)。#include<iostream>_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________《高級語言程序設計》課后作業(yè)第4章基本編程技術院系&專業(yè)：______________學生姓名：____________學號：______________填空題在編寫程序?qū)ふ彝耆椒綌?shù)、水仙花數(shù)或同構(gòu)數(shù)時可以使用相同的策略，即__________________策略。程序中已在一個程序片段的前后兩個位置調(diào)用標準庫中的函數(shù)clock，把該函數(shù)的返回值保存在整型變量t0和t1中，請配合使用符號常量CLOCKS_PER_SECOND，求出以秒為單位的時間間隔（保留小數(shù)部分）：____________________________________________________________________________________________使用標準庫中的函數(shù)time獲取當前時間，以此作為種子數(shù)，用標準庫中的函數(shù)srand設定隨機數(shù)種子：________________________在運行過程中需要由用戶輸入數(shù)據(jù)并輸出數(shù)據(jù)給用戶的程序稱為________________________程序中使用“cin>>”輸入數(shù)據(jù)，當用戶輸入非法數(shù)據(jù)時，提取運算符“>>”的返回值為______程序中有預處理命令“#include<sstream>”，并有語句“istringstreaminss("10152918");”，程序中有預處理命令“#include<fstream>”，并有語句“ifstreaminput("data.txt");”，該語句的含義是：____________________________________________________________________在程序中需要輸入字符變量的值時，可以使用標準庫函數(shù)________________或cin的成員函數(shù)cin.get。從輸入文件流中讀取字符數(shù)據(jù)到int類型變量，如果到達文件末尾，則變量得到的值為_____________標準庫中有一批字符分類函數(shù)，它們的名稱都以“is”開頭，對滿足條件的字符返回非0值，否則返回0值。其返回值常被作為邏輯值使用，用于控制程序流程。名稱和功能與此類似的函數(shù)被稱為________________。編程題1、一個三位的十進制整數(shù)，如果它的三個數(shù)字的立方和等于這個數(shù)的值，就稱為一個“水仙花數(shù)”。例如水仙花數(shù)153=13+53+33。寫程序找出[100,999]范圍內(nèi)的所有水仙花數(shù)并輸出。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________return0;}2、Fibonacci數(shù)列{Fn}的定義如下：F1=1,F2=1,……Fn=Fn?1+Fn?2(n>2)。請寫程序打印輸出Fibonacci的前20項。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________return0;}《高級語言程序設計》課后作業(yè)第5章函數(shù)與變量院系&專業(yè)：______________學生姓名：____________學號：______________一個函數(shù)定義包括____________和____________兩部分。請指出如下函數(shù)定義（省略號表示一系列語句）中依次用下劃線標出的各部分的含義：doublecalculate(doubler)｛…｝①______________②________③____________④________________當一個函數(shù)具有返回值時，則通常函數(shù)體內(nèi)至少應該有一個________________語句。當所定義的一個函數(shù)不需要返回值時，則在函數(shù)頭部寫返回值類型的位置寫上____________。每個變量定義都有一個確定的作用范圍，這個范圍稱為該變量定義的________________。變量的作用域是由________________________確定的。一個變量在程序執(zhí)行中從建立到銷毀在復合語句中定義的變量，其作用域是____________________________________________，根據(jù)它們的作用域這一特點而把它們稱為________________，這類變量的存在期是__________________________________________，它們在內(nèi)存中的建立與銷毀都是由系統(tǒng)自動執(zhí)行的，由此也把它們稱為________________。C/C++函數(shù)的值參數(shù)機制指的是：___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________C++程序中的函數(shù)以引用形式作參數(shù)時，與值參數(shù)的主要區(qū)別是：___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________函數(shù)的“遞歸調(diào)用”是指________________________________________________________________使用條件表達式補充完整如下用于計算整數(shù)的絕對值的函數(shù)：intabsvalue(intk){return________________________;}補充完整如下用于判斷一個年份是否為閏年的函數(shù)：intisleapyear(intyear){return________________________________________________________;}外部變量的作用域是____________________________________________________________，存在期是______________________。靜態(tài)局部變量的特點是：_____________________、________________________和________________________。在某函數(shù)中定義一個int類型的靜態(tài)局部變量seed，則寫成：________________________________如果在程序中想把自定義的函數(shù)寫在main()函數(shù)下方，則需要在main()之前寫上_____________________C/C++程序中，第一個非空白字符是#的行是_________________命令行。1/2在C++系統(tǒng)中，標準頭文件中的函數(shù)、類、對象和類模板都是在名字空間std中定義的，為了在程序中方便地使用這些程序?qū)ο螅托枰诔绦蚯懊娌糠謱懮线@條語句：________________________________1/2簡答題1、局部變量、全局變量和靜態(tài)局部變量在初始化方面有何不同（需按照有無初始化語句討論）？2、執(zhí)行下面的程序之后，屏幕輸出結(jié)果是什么？請詳細說明為什么是這個結(jié)果。#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;inta=13,b=24;voidfunc(intk1,intk2){cout<<k1+k2<<"\t"<<b;}intmain(){inta=5,b=6;func(a,b);return0;}編程題1、寫函數(shù)判斷一個正整數(shù)n是否為質(zhì)數(shù)。__________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________} __________________________________________________2、使用已有的isprime函數(shù)在小范圍內(nèi) __________________________________________________驗證歌德巴赫猜想：對6到200之間的 __________________________________________________各偶數(shù)找出一種質(zhì)數(shù)分解，即找出兩個 __________________________________________________質(zhì)數(shù)，使它們的和等于這個偶數(shù)。 }_________________________________________________3、已知有不為零的正整數(shù)m和n，請按照輾轉(zhuǎn)相除法用遞歸方式和循環(huán)方式寫出求最大公約數(shù)的函數(shù)。int________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________4、菲波那契數(shù)列的定義是：F1=1,F2=1,……Fn=Fn?1+Fn?2(n>2)；寫兩個函數(shù)，分別用遞歸方式和循環(huán)方式計算菲波那契數(shù)列的第n項。（如果紙面空間不夠請自寫）2/2________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________}_______________________________________ ___________________________________________《高級語言程序設計》課后作業(yè)第6章數(shù)組院系&專業(yè)：______________學生姓名：____________學號：______________填空題請定義一個名稱為a、長度為100的int類型的數(shù)組變量：______________________根據(jù)ANSIC的標準，在定義數(shù)組時，數(shù)組的大小必須可以________________________________________________。在程序中以如下語句定義了外部數(shù)組：intga[100];，則在程序運行時剛開始時ga[0]的值為________。在程序中以如下語句定義了局部數(shù)組：inta1[10]={1,2,3};，則程序運行時執(zhí)行完該語句之后，a1[3]的值為________。已知有數(shù)組intnum[100];，則語句num[100]=0;會導致運行時出現(xiàn)______________________錯誤。在定義以數(shù)組為參數(shù)的函數(shù)時，通常還需要把________________________也作為函數(shù)的參數(shù)。請定義一個名稱為s、長度為100的字符數(shù)組，并初始化為用字符數(shù)組存儲字符串時，字符串末尾需要加上字符____________用于表示字符串結(jié)束。在定義以字符串為參數(shù)的函數(shù)時，通常不需要其它參數(shù)用于表示字符串的大小，原因是__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________標準庫函數(shù)中，可用于求出字符串長度的函數(shù)是____________________，可用于比較兩個字符串是否相等的函數(shù)是__________________編程題/簡答題________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________《高級語言程序設計》課后作業(yè)第7章指針第8章結(jié)構(gòu)體院系&專業(yè)：______________學生姓名：____________學號：______________填空題與指針相關的操作主要有兩個：&是_____________________，*表示________________________程序中有如下語句：已有變量定義intnum[5];,請把賦值語句num[3]=10;改為指針寫法：___________________________已有變量定義intnum[5]={1,2,3,4,5},*p=&num[1];，則語句(*(p+2))++;改寫成數(shù)組寫法是___________________，語義是________________________在C++程序中已有語句：intLEN=100;char*pch;，請用new運算符申請一個長度為LEN的字符數(shù)組，把返回值賦給指針pch：__________________________________________。在程序中對這個字符數(shù)組使用完畢之后，請用delete運算符釋放該數(shù)組所占用的內(nèi)存空間：________________________________請使用typedef命令，把“int”類型定義為一個新類型“Status”：_____________________________________簡答題/編程題__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4、寫一個函數(shù)select(intn,doublea[],doubleb[],doublex)，它將數(shù)組b中大于x的數(shù)順序復制到數(shù)組a中。假定這兩個數(shù)組的大小都為N。請分別用數(shù)組寫法和指針寫法完成這一工作。#include<iostream>#include<cmath>usingnamespacestd;______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________