2022年中考英語(yǔ)外研版總復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案-專題十動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣

專題十動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣【考點(diǎn)一】各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由“be+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)通過(guò)助動(dòng)詞be的變化來(lái)體現(xiàn)。助動(dòng)詞be必須與主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)相一致。常見(jiàn)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)有(PP代表過(guò)去分詞):常用時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+PPEnglishisspokenbymanypeopleintheworld.一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were+PPTheyweregivenawarmsend-off.一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shallbe+PPAnewbridgewillbebuiltovertherivernextyear.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+being+PPIthinkwearebeingfollowed.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+being+PPTheytoldmethattheywerebeingquestionedbythepolice.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasbeen+PPAllflightshavebeencancelledbecauseofthefog.過(guò)去完成時(shí)hadbeen+PPHeaskedifMaryhadbeensenttohospital.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/may/mustbe+PPSomethingmustbedonetostoptheseaccidents.【圖解】【考點(diǎn)二】主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),通常遵循以下三個(gè)步驟:(1)首先把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。(2)再把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞改為與其時(shí)態(tài)相對(duì)應(yīng)的被動(dòng)形式,且與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)保持人稱和數(shù)的一致。(3)最后將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)改為介詞by的賓語(yǔ),置于句后?！癰y+賓語(yǔ)”在句中常省略。如下圖所示【注意】主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的兩個(gè)特殊點(diǎn)(一)含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句1.常把間接賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ),直接賓語(yǔ)仍然放在動(dòng)詞后面不變。2.用直接賓語(yǔ)作被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)時(shí),間接賓語(yǔ)前有時(shí)要加介詞to(在send,pass,write,give,show,bring等動(dòng)詞之后)或for(在buy,cook,make,order,choose等動(dòng)詞之后)。(二)含有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句1.由形容詞、名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的句子,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),只需把賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)即可。2.在主動(dòng)句中,不定式用作動(dòng)詞:請(qǐng)(please)、聽(tīng)(hear,listento)、觀(lookat,see,notice,watch)、感(feel)、使(make,have)、讓(let)、助(help)等的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)要省去不定式符號(hào)“to”,但在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)要加上“to”。【拓展遷移】“主動(dòng)變被動(dòng),時(shí)態(tài)不用動(dòng)”,即助動(dòng)詞be的時(shí)態(tài)要跟原主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的時(shí)態(tài)一致。【語(yǔ)法串記】感使動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)口訣感使動(dòng)詞好奇怪,to來(lái)to去費(fèi)神猜。主動(dòng)句里to拿走,被動(dòng)句中to回來(lái)?！揪氄骖}】一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成與用法(B)1.(2021·福建中考)Manyresearchlabsinthenext5yearstodevelopscienceandtechnologyinChina.

A.arebuildingB.willbebuiltC.werebuilt(D)2.(2021·北京中考)Today,manywinterOlympicsportsevenbychildren.

A.enjoyedB.enjoyC.wereenjoyedD.areenjoyed(C)3.(2021·包頭中考)TeafromChinabegantobesentabroadmorethanathousandyearsagoandsincethenittotheworld.

A.wasknown B.isknown C.hasbeenknown D.knows(B)4.(2021·梧州中考)InourEnglishclass,manychancestostudentstoshowthemselves.

A.offer B.areoffered C.offered D.areoffering【明策略】一、兩步解決語(yǔ)態(tài)題Step1:判定語(yǔ)態(tài)1.觀察是否有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的標(biāo)志詞by;2.看動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系,主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);3.如果是“物”作主語(yǔ),有可能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Step2:確定時(shí)態(tài)尋找時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或上下文暗示時(shí)態(tài)的詞,確定具體用什么時(shí)態(tài)。二、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化1.(2021·天水中考)Finally,thepoliceofficercaughtthethief.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Finally,thethiefwascaughtbythepoliceofficer.

2.(2020·上海中考)The13-year-oldone-armedbasketballplayerattractedalotoffans.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Alotoffanswereattractedbythe13-year-oldone-armedbasketballplayer.3.(2020·天水中考)Wewillsolvetheproblemin