1997-2023年英語(yǔ)專業(yè)八級(jí)翻譯部分真題解析經(jīng)典

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1997—20238級(jí)統(tǒng)考題中英譯漢試題評(píng)析Operaisexpensive:thatmuchisinevitable.1Butexpensivethingsarenotinevitablytheprovinceoftherichunlessweabdicatesociety’spowerofchoice.2Wecanchoosetomakeopera,andotherexpensiveformsofculture,accessibletothosewhocannotindividuallypayforit. 3Thequestionis:whyshouldwe?Nobodydeniestheimperativesoffood,shelter,defense,healthandeducation.4Buteveninaprehistoriccave,mankindstretchedoutahandnotjusttoeat,drinkorfight,butalsotodraw.5Theimpulsetowardsculture,thedesiretoexpressandexploretheworldthroughimaginationandrepresentationisfundamental.6InEurope,thisdesirehasfoundfulfillmentinthe masterpiecesofourmusic,art,literatureandtheatre.Thesemasterpiecesarethetouchstones7forallourefforts;theyarethetouchstonesforthepossibilitiestowhichhumanthoughtandimaginationmayaspire;theycarrythemostprofoundmessagesthatcanbesentfromonehumantoanother.8【參考譯文】?jī)A聽(tīng)歌劇，無(wú)疑昂貴至極。但是，昂貴的東西并不是非富人莫屬，除非我們放棄社會(huì)的選擇權(quán)。我們可以做出選擇，使歌劇和其他形式的高消費(fèi)文化也能讓那些作為個(gè)體消費(fèi)不起的人們所享受。但問(wèn)題是，有必要這么做嗎？食物、居所、防護(hù)、安康與教育缺一不行，這一點(diǎn)人人認(rèn)可。即便史前，住在地窖中的人類伸出手來(lái)，不僅這是人的本性。在歐洲，這一欲望反映在音樂(lè)、繪畫(huà)、文學(xué)和戲劇之類的藝術(shù)杰作之中。這些杰作是我們?nèi)砍晒脑嚱鹗?，是人類思想和想象力可及程度的試金石。它們承載著最深刻的信息，使之在人類成員之間傳播?！?9988IagreetosomeextentwithmyimaginaryEnglishreader.Americanliteraryhistoriansareperhapspronetoviewtheirownnationalscenetoonarrowly,mistakingprominenceforuniqueness.Theydoover-phrase1theirownliterature,orcertainlyitsminorfigures.AndAmericansdoswingfromaggressiveover-phraseoftheirliteraturetoanequallyunfortunate,imitativedeference.2Butthen,theEnglishthemselvesaresomewhatinsularintheirliteraryappraisals.3Moreover,infieldswheretheyarenotpre-eminent—e.g.inpaintingandmusic—theytooalternatebetweenboastingofnativeproductsandcopyingthoseoftheContinent.HowmanyEnglishpaintingstrytolookasthoughtheyweredoneinParis;howmanytimeshavewereadinarticlesthattheyreallyrepresentan“Englishtradition”afterall.TospeakofAmericanliterature,then,isnottoassertthatitiscompletelyunlikethatofEurope.Broadlyspeaking,AmericaandEuropehavekeptstep4.Atanygivenmoment5thetravelercouldfindexamplesinbothofthesamearchitecture,thesamestylesindress,thesamebooksontheshelves.IdeashavecrossedtheAtlanticasfreelyasmenandmerchandise,thoughsometimesmoreslowly.WhenIrefertoAmericanhabit,thoughts,etc.,Iintendsomesortofqualificationtoprecedetheword,forfrequentlythedifferencebetweenAmericaandEurope(especiallyEngland)willbeoneofdegree,sometimesonlyofasmalldegree.Theamountofdivergenceisasubtleaffair,liabletoperplex6theEnglishmanwhenhelooksatAmerica.Heislookingatacountrywhichinimportantsensesgrewoutofhisown,whichinseveralwaysstillresembleshisown —andwhichisyetaforeigncountry.7Thereareoddoverlappingsandabruptunfamiliarities;kinshipyieldstoasuddenalienation,aswhenwehailapersonacrossthestreet,onlytodiscoverfromhisblankresponsethatwehavemistakenastrangerforafriend.8【參考譯文】誤將顯著當(dāng)獨(dú)特。他們確實(shí)過(guò)分渲染本國(guó)文學(xué)，至少對(duì)二流的作家確定會(huì)吹捧。美國(guó)人確實(shí)也走極端，要么咄咄逼人，對(duì)本國(guó)文學(xué)大肆渲染，要么亦步亦趨，對(duì)別國(guó)文學(xué)頂禮膜拜。這兩種做法同樣的不幸。話又說(shuō)回來(lái)，英國(guó)人自己在文學(xué)鑒賞方面也顯得有些孤陋寡聞。而且，在諸如繪畫(huà)音樂(lè)這些本國(guó)沒(méi)有出色成就的領(lǐng)域里，他們也走極端，要么吹噓本國(guó)的作品，要么仿照大陸上的作品。試想，有多少幅英國(guó)畫(huà)試圖做得讓人看上去像是在巴黎繪的；我們又有多少次讀到他們的作品真正代表著一種“英國(guó)式的傳統(tǒng)”呢？說(shuō)到美國(guó)文學(xué)，并非意欲斷言，它與歐洲文學(xué)全然不同。廣而言之，美國(guó)與歐洲始終步伐全都。任何時(shí)刻，旅行者在兩地均能看到同樣的建筑，款式一樣的服飾，一樣的書(shū)籍。思想如同人員與貨物往來(lái)一樣，自由地橫跨歐美〔尤其是英美〕之間的差異往往只是程度上的差異，而且有時(shí)候微乎其微。差異的多少至精至細(xì)，很簡(jiǎn)潔使英國(guó)人對(duì)美國(guó)迷惑不解。他所看的那個(gè)國(guó)家，從某些重要的意義上來(lái)說(shuō)，脫胎于他自己的國(guó)家，并在某些方面與他自己的國(guó)家相差無(wú)幾——然而，它卻實(shí)實(shí)在在是一個(gè)異邦。兩個(gè)國(guó)家，既有重疊，也有生疏，重疊使人頗感奇那人表情漠然，原來(lái)，我們誤把陌路當(dāng)友人?！?9998Insomesocietiespeoplewantchildrenforwhatmightbecalledfamilialreasons 1:toextendthefamilylineorthefamilyname2,topropitiatetheancestors;toenabletheproperfunctioningofreligiousritualsinvolvingthefamily3.Suchreasonsmayseemthininthemodern,secularizedsocietybuttheyhavebeenandarepowerfulindeedinotherplaces.Inaddition,oneclassoffamilyreasonssharesaborderwiththefollowingcategory 4,namely,havingchildreninordertomaintainorimproveamarriage:toholdthehusbandoroccupythewife5,torepairorrejuvenatethemarriage;toincreasethenumberofchildrenontheassumptionthatfamilyhappinessliesthatway 6.Thepointisunderlinedbyitsconverse7:insomesocietiesthefailuretobearchildren(ormales)isathreattothemarriageandareadycausefordivorce.8Beyondallthatistheprofoundsignificanceofchildrentotheveryinstitutionofthefamilyitself.9Tomanypeople,husbandandwifealonedonotseemaproperfamily—theyneedchildrentoenrichthecircle,tovalidateitsfamilycharacter,togathertheredemptiveinfluence10ofoffspring.Childrenneedthefamily,butthefamilyseemsalsotoneedchildren,asthesocialinstitutionuniquelyavailable,atleastinprinciple,forsecurity,comfort,assurance,anddirectioninachanging,oftenhostile,world.Tomostpeople,suchahomebase,intheliteralsense,needsmorethanonepersonforsustenanceandingenerationalextension.【參考譯文】在有些社會(huì)，要孩子只是為了所謂的家族緣由：傳宗接代，連續(xù)香火，勸慰祖輩，維系禮儀。在現(xiàn)代世俗社會(huì)中，這類緣由似顯蒼白，但在其他地方，這些緣由確實(shí)強(qiáng)勁有力。此外，有一類家族緣由與下面一組緣由共通，即生兒育女是為了維系或改善婚姻：能拴住丈夫或者讓妻子有事可做；修復(fù)或重振婚姻；之所以多生孩子是由于他們認(rèn)為多子多福。反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)：在某些社會(huì)中，不生孩子〔或不生男孩〕不僅是婚姻的一種威逼，還成為離婚的便當(dāng)理由。此外，更為重要的是，孩子對(duì)于家庭這一機(jī)構(gòu)自身尤為重要。對(duì)很多人來(lái)說(shuō)，夫妻兩人還不算一個(gè)真正意義上的家庭——他們需要孩子來(lái)豐富兩人小天地，使它具有家庭特征，并使他們自己從中獲得贖救。以其特有的方式，至少在原則上，需要在孩子身上獲得某種安全感、撫慰、保障和希望。對(duì)于多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，這種原本意義上的家的基地，需要不止一個(gè)人來(lái)維持，使其代代相傳，生生不息?！?0238】Ifpeoplemeananythingatallbytheexpression“untimelydeath”1,theymustbelievethatsomedeathsrunonabetterschedulethanothers2.Deathinoldageisrarelycalleduntimely—alonglifeisthoughttobeafullone3.Butwiththepassingofayoungperson,oneassumesthatthebestyearslayahead4andthemeasureofthatlifewasstilltobetaken.5Historydeniesthis,ofcourse.Amongprominentsummerdeaths6,onerecallsthoseofMariLynMonroeandJamesDeans,whoselivesseemedequallybriefandcomplete.7WriterscannotbearthefactthatpoetJohnKeatsdiedat26,andonlyhalfplayfullyjudgetheirownlivesasfailureswhentheypassthatyear.8Theideathatthelifecutshortisunfulfilledisillogicalbecauselivesaremeasuredbytheimpressionstheyleaveontheworldandbytheirintensityandvirtue.9【參考譯文】假設(shè)“早逝”另有所指的話，那肯定是人們信任，有些人死得更合“時(shí)宜”，而另一些人則“死不逢時(shí)”。年邁去世很少被稱作“早逝”，由于長(zhǎng)壽就是圓滿。反之，假設(shè)是年輕人謝世，人們會(huì)認(rèn)為這位年輕人才華尚未施展，前途無(wú)可限量。·夢(mèng)露與詹姆斯·迪恩斯?！?jì)慈26歲與世長(zhǎng)辭，眾多作家難以承受，半開(kāi)玩笑地說(shuō)，他們自己的生命即便超過(guò)26歲，也不過(guò)失敗二字。視英年早逝為不圓滿，這一觀念有悖于規(guī)律，由于衡量生命的尺度乃是留給世界的印記，是生命的力度及其美德。生命短暫即人生未成，這種想法規(guī)律欠通，由于，生命的價(jià)值尺度是它留在世間的痕跡，是它的質(zhì)量和德行?！?0238】PossessionforitsownsakeorincompetitionwiththerestoftheneighborhoodwouldhavebeenThoreau’sideaofthelowlevels1.Theactivedisciplineofheighteningone’sperceptionofwhatisenduringinnaturewouldhavebeenhisideaofthehigh2.Whathesavedfromthelowwastimeandefforthecouldspendonthehigh.Thoreaucertainlydisapprovedofstarvation,buthewouldputintofeedinghimselfonlyasmucheffortaswouldkeephimfunctioningformoreimportantefforts.Effortisthegistofit3.Thereisnohappinessexceptaswetakeonlife-engagingdifficulties.Shortoftheimpossible,asYeatsputit,thesatisfactionwegetfromalifetimedependsonhowhighwechooseourdifficulties4.RobertFrostwasthinkinginsomethinglikethesametermswhenhespokeof“Thepleasureoftakingpains”5.Themortalflawintheadvertisedversionofhappinessisinthefactthatitpurportstobeeffortless6.Wedemanddifficultyeveninourgames.Wedemanditbecausewithoutdifficultytherecanbenogame.Agameisawayofmakingsomethinghardofthefunofit.Therulesofthegameareanarbitraryimpositionofdifficulty 7.Whensomeoneruinsthefun,healwaysdoessobyrefusingtoplaybytherules.Itiseasiertowinatchessifyouarefree,atyourpleasure,tochangethewhollyarbitraryrules,butthefunisinwinningwithintherules.Nodifficulty,nofun.【參考譯文】梭羅所理解的“低層次境地”是，為了擁有而去擁有，或與全部的鄰居明爭(zhēng)暗斗而致?lián)碛?。他心目中的“高下?lái)的時(shí)間和精力，他可以將其致力于對(duì)高層次的追求。勿庸置疑，梭羅不贊成忍饑挨餓，但在飲食方面所投入的精力僅裹腹而已，只要可確保他能去從事更為重要的事務(wù)，除此，別無(wú)他求。努力才是其精華。沒(méi)有磨礪，何來(lái)幸福。葉芝說(shuō)過(guò)，除了難以可為的事情，人生的幸福大小就在于所選擇的難度凹凸。羅伯特?弗羅斯特也有“以苦為樂(lè)”之類的說(shuō)法，他與葉芝英雄所見(jiàn)略同。世人所宣揚(yáng)的那種幸福觀，其致命錯(cuò)誤就在于它認(rèn)為，幸福似乎可以唾手可得。甚至于玩耍也離不開(kāi)難度。沒(méi)有了難度也就沒(méi)有了玩耍。玩耍之道恰恰在于難中作樂(lè)。玩耍規(guī)章就是人為設(shè)定的難度。不依規(guī)章便叫人意興闌珊。下棋時(shí)隨心所欲、信馬由韁會(huì)贏得很爽但沒(méi)勁兒。唯有進(jìn)退有尺有度方才趣味橫生。不難便無(wú)趣兒?！?0238】Theword“winner”and“l(fā)oser”havemanymeanings1.Whenwerefertoapersonasawinner,wedonotmeanonewhomakessomeoneelselose.Tous,awinnerisonewhorespondsauthenticallybybeingcredible,trustworthy,responsive,andgenuine,bothasanindividualandasamemberofasociety2.Winnersdonotdedicatetheirlivestoaconceptofwhattheyimaginetheyshouldbe;rather,theyarethemselvesandassuchdonotusetheirenergyputtingonaperformance,maintainingpretence,andmanipulatingothers3.Theyareawarethatthereisadifferencebetweenbeinglovingandactingloving,betweenbeingstupidandactingstupid,betweenbeingknowledgeableandactingknowledgeable4.Winnersdonotneedtohidebehindamask.Winnersarenotafraidtodotheirownthinkingandtousetheirownknowledge5.Theycanseparatefactsfromopinionsanddon’tpretendtohavealltheanswers6.Theylistentoothers,evaluatewhattheysay,butcometotheirownconclusions.Althoughwinnerscanadmireandrespectotherpeople,theyarenottotallydefined,demolished,bound,orawedbythem7.Winnersdonotplay“helpless”,nordotheyplaytheblaminggame8.Instead,theyassumeresponsibilityfortheirownlives.【參考譯文】“成功者”和“失敗者”這兩個(gè)詞含義很多。當(dāng)我們將某人稱作成功者時(shí)，我們并非指他是一個(gè)讓別人失敗的人。對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，成功者乃是這樣一個(gè)人，無(wú)論作為一個(gè)個(gè)人抑或作為社會(huì)的一分子，他的一切反響均由衷而發(fā)，富有誠(chéng)信，值得信任，反響靈敏，從不虛偽。成功者不會(huì)窮其畢生之精力，執(zhí)著于自我之臆想。相反，他們會(huì)保持自己的本色。正因如此，他們不裝腔作勢(shì)，不自命非凡，不對(duì)別人指手畫(huà)腳。他們知道，真愛(ài)不同于裝愛(ài)，真傻有異于裝傻、博學(xué)有別于賣弄。成功者無(wú)需面具來(lái)偽裝。成功者無(wú)畏于獨(dú)立思考，無(wú)畏于獨(dú)立推斷、獨(dú)當(dāng)一面。他們能夠在事實(shí)與傳聞之間明辨是非，不會(huì)假稱自己無(wú)所不曉。他們傾聽(tīng)別人意見(jiàn)，擇善從之，最終得出自己的結(jié)論。成功者仰慕敬重別人，但他不會(huì)受制于人、不會(huì)被他們所摧垮、不被他們所束縛、不會(huì)被他們所嚇倒。成功者不有意“示弱【20238級(jí)測(cè)試英譯漢】Inhisclassicnove, e,serhashishero,addeveloper,ehisnonaofthecityheisbuilding1.Hedescribesthebroadstreets,rowsofhouses,ateemingmetropolis 2.Buthiscousinlooksaroundbewildere3.Allshesesisafores. WherearethebeautiesandimprovementswhichyouweretoshowmeSheasks4.He’sastonishedshecan’tseethem..“Where!Whyeverywhere,”hereplies5.Forthoughtheyarenotyetbuiltonearth,hehasbuilttheminhismind,andtheyareasconcretetohimasiftheywerealreadyconstructedandfinished.Cooperwasillustrating6adistinctlyAmericantrait,future-mindedness7;theabilitytoseethepresentfromthevantagepointofthefuture;thefreedomtofeelunencumberedbythepastandmoreemotionallyattachedtothingstocom8.stnonce,eforenssbecoming,neverbeing.9【參考譯文】詹姆斯?費(fèi)尼莫?庫(kù)珀在其名著《拓荒者》一書(shū)中寫(xiě)到仆人公，一位土地開(kāi)發(fā)商，帶著表妹四處參觀自己正在規(guī)劃中的城鎮(zhèn)，津津樂(lè)道地描述著寬廣的大道，鱗次擳比的高樓和生氣盎然的大都市。但表妹環(huán)顧四周而茫然。他看到的僅僅是一片樹(shù)林庫(kù)珀在這里提醒了一種美國(guó)人特有的品性——前瞻意識(shí):站在將來(lái)的高度看現(xiàn)在，自由地拋開(kāi)歷史羈絆而放眼將來(lái)。正如艾爾伯特?愛(ài)因斯坦所說(shuō)【20238】Formethemostinterestingthingaboutasolitarylife,andminehasbeenthatforthelasttwentyyears,isthatitbecomesincreasinglyrewarding1.WhenIcanwakeupandwatchthesunriseovertheocean,asIdomostdays,andknowthatIhaveanentiredayahead,uninterrupted,inwhichtowriteafews 2,takeawalkwithmydog,readandlistentomusic,Iamfloodedwithhappiness3.IamlonelyonlywhenIamovertired,whenIhaveworkedtoolongwithoutabreak,whenforthetimebeingIfeelemptyandneedfillingup4.AndIamlonelysometimeswhenIcomebackhomeafteralecturetrip,whenIhaveseenalotofpeopleandtalkedalot,andamfulltothebrimwithexperiencethatneedstobesortedout5.Thenforalittlewhilethehousefeelshugeandempty,andIwonderwheremyselfishiding.Ithastoberecapturedslowlybywateringtheplantsand,perhaps,bylookingagainateachoneasthoughitwereaperson6.Ittakesawhile,asIwatchthesurfblowingupinfountains7,butthemomentcomeswhentheworldfallsaway,andtheselfemergesagainfromthedeepunconsciousness,bringbackallIhaverecentlyexperiencedtobeexploredandslowlyunderstood8.【參考譯文】過(guò)去二十年，我始終單獨(dú)生活。對(duì)于我，最為好玩的是，單獨(dú)生活的回報(bào)與日俱增。常常在醒來(lái)時(shí)能夠親眼看著太陽(yáng)在海洋上升起，清楚地知道有一個(gè)完整的一天供我使用，沒(méi)有任何連續(xù)。我可以寫(xiě)上幾頁(yè)東西，遛遛狗兒，讀讀書(shū)，聽(tīng)聽(tīng)音樂(lè)，我布滿了幸福。只有當(dāng)我疲乏不堪，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不連續(xù)地工作，或者一時(shí)間感到空虛而需要充實(shí)自己的時(shí)候，我就感到孤獨(dú)。當(dāng)我剛從外地講學(xué)回到家中，或者當(dāng)我見(jiàn)過(guò)了很多人而且說(shuō)了很多話，滿腦子紛亂的思緒需要梳理時(shí)，這時(shí)我也會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)。一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，我覺(jué)得屋子既空又大，也不知道“我自身”藏在了什么地方。只好通過(guò)澆澆花，或許再看看花草，把它們一棵一棵地當(dāng)人一樣地看看，來(lái)漸漸地找回自我。這需要一段時(shí)間。當(dāng)我看著噴泉激起的水花時(shí)，這個(gè)時(shí)刻便來(lái)到了：四周的世界漸漸地消逝，自我再次從潛意識(shí)里涌出，帶回到我剛剛經(jīng)受過(guò)的一切，讓我探究、讓我領(lǐng)悟?！?0238】Itissimpleenoughtosaythatsincebookshaveclasses —fiction,biography,poetry—weshouldseparatethemandtakefromeachwhatitisrightthateachshouldgiveus 1.Yetfewpeopleaskfrombookswhatbookscangiveus.Mostcommonlywecometobookswithblurredanddividedminds,askingoffictionthatitshallbetrue,ofpoetrythatitshallbefalse,ofbiographythatitshallbeflattering,ofhistorythatitshallenforceourownprejudices 2. Ifwecouldbanishallsuchpreconceptionswhenweread,thatwouldbeanadmirablebeginning.Donotdictatetoyourauthor:trytobecomehim.Behisfellow-workerandaccomplice3.Ifyouhangback,andreserveandcriticizeatfirst,youarepreventingyourselffromgettingthefullestpossiblevaluefromwhatyouread4.Butifyouopenyourmindaswidelyaspossible5,thensignsandhintsofalmostimperceptiblefineness,fromthetwistandturnofthefirstsentences,willbringyouintothepresenceofahumanbeingunlikeanyother.Steepyourselfinthis,acquaintyourselfwiththis6,andsoonyouwillfindthatyourauthorisgivingyou,orattemptingtogiveyou,somethingfarmoredefinite.【參考譯文】既然書(shū)有小說(shuō)、傳記、詩(shī)歌之分，我們就應(yīng)把它們分類，從各類書(shū)中吸取其應(yīng)當(dāng)賜予我們的養(yǎng)分。這話說(shuō)來(lái)很簡(jiǎn)潔。然而很少有人要求從書(shū)籍中得到它們所能供給的養(yǎng)分。我們總是三心二意地帶著模糊的觀念去看書(shū)，要求小說(shuō)必需真實(shí)，要求詩(shī)歌必需虛構(gòu)，要求傳記阿諛?lè)暧?，要求史?shū)能加強(qiáng)自己的偏見(jiàn)。讀書(shū)時(shí)如能拋開(kāi)這些先入之見(jiàn)，便是極好的開(kāi)端。不要對(duì)作者指手劃腳，而要盡力與作者融為一體，共同構(gòu)思，共同創(chuàng)作。假設(shè)你不參與，不投入，而且一開(kāi)頭就百般挑剔，那你就無(wú)緣從書(shū)中獲得最大好處。你假設(shè)敞快活扉，虛懷假設(shè)谷，那么書(shū)中精你很快就會(huì)覺(jué)察，作者展現(xiàn)給你的或想要展現(xiàn)給你的是一些比原先要明確得多的東西?！?0238】Ihavenothingtoofferbutblood,toil,tearsandsweat.Wehavebeforeusanordealofthemostgrievouskind.Wehavebeforeusmany,manymonthsofstruggleandsuffering.//Youask,whatisourpolicy?Isayitistowagewarbyland,seaandair.//WarwithallourmightandwithallthestrengthGodhasgivenus,andtowagewaragainstamonstroustyrannyneversurpassedinthedarkandlamentablecatalogueofhumancrime.//Youask,whatisouraim?Icananswerinoneword,Itisvictory.Victoryatallcosts-victoryinspiteofallterrors-victory,howeverlongandhardtheroadmaybe,forwithoutvictorythereisnosurvival.//Letthatberealized.NosurvivalfortheBritishEmpire,nosurvivalforallthattheBritishEmpirehasstoodfor,nosurvivalfortheurge,theimpulseoftheages,thatmankindshallmoveforwardtowardhisgoal.【參考譯文】我所能奉獻(xiàn)的唯有熱血、辛苦、眼淚和汗水我們所面臨的將是一場(chǎng)極其嚴(yán)酷的考驗(yàn)，將是曠日長(zhǎng)久的斗爭(zhēng)和苦難。//假設(shè)問(wèn)我們的政策是什么？我的答復(fù)是：在陸上、海上、空中作戰(zhàn)。盡我們的全力，盡上帝賜予我們的全部力氣去作戰(zhàn)，對(duì)人類黑暗、可悲的罪惡史上空前兇殘的暴政作戰(zhàn)。//假設(shè)問(wèn)我們的目標(biāo)是什么？我可以用一個(gè)詞來(lái)答復(fù)，那就是成功。不惜一切代價(jià)，去奪取成功——不懼一切恐懼，去奪取成功——不管前路如何漫長(zhǎng)、如何困難，去奪取成功。由于沒(méi)有成功就不能生存。//我們務(wù)必生疏到，沒(méi)有成功就不復(fù)有大英帝國(guó)，沒(méi)有成功就不復(fù)有大英帝國(guó)所象征的一切，沒(méi)有成功就不復(fù)有多少世紀(jì)以來(lái)的猛烈要求和沖動(dòng)：人類應(yīng)當(dāng)向自己的目標(biāo)邁進(jìn)?！?0238】Scientificandtechnologicaladvancesareenablingustocomprehendthefurthestreachesofthecosmos,themostbasicconstituentsofmatter,andthemiracleoflife.Atthesametime,today,theactions,andinaction,ofhumanbeingsimperilnotonlylifeontheplanet,buttheverylifeoftheplanet.Globalizationismakingtheworldsmaller,fasterandricher.Still,9/11,avianflu,andIranremindusthatasmaller,fasterworldisnotnecessarilyasaferworld.Ourworldisburstingwithknowledge-butdesperatelyinneedofwisdom.Now,whensoundbitesaregettingshorter,wheninstantmessagescrowdoutessays,andwhenindividuallivesgrowmorefrenzied,collegegraduatescapableofdeepreflectionarewhatourworldneeds.ForallthesereasonsIbelieved-andIbelieveevenmorestronglytoday-intheuniqueandirreplaceablemissionofuniversities.【參考譯文】.與此同時(shí)，今日，人類所做的及沒(méi)能做到的事情，不僅危害到這個(gè)星球上的生命，也危害到該星球的壽命。全球化正在使地球變得愈來(lái)愈小、愈來(lái)愈快和愈來(lái)愈富有。盡管如此，9/11、禽流感及伊朗提示我們，更小更快的世界決不意味著其更安全。我們正處于一個(gè)學(xué)問(wèn)爆炸的世界之中，不過(guò)，迫切需要才智?，F(xiàn)在，在〔聞采訪的〕原聲摘要播出變得愈來(lái)愈短，即時(shí)信息淘汰了雜記文，個(gè)人生活變得如癡如狂之際，這個(gè)世界還是需要能夠深思的大學(xué)生?？紤]到這些理由，我過(guò)去信仰，而今日甚至更加猛烈地信仰大學(xué)獨(dú)特的、無(wú)可取代的使命?！?0238】But,ashasbeentrueinmanyothercases,whentheywereatlastmarried,themostidealofsituationswasfoundtohavebeenchangedtothemostpractical.Insteadofhavingsharedtheiroriginalduties,andasschool-boyswouldsay,goinghalves,theydiscoveredthatthecaresoflifehadbeendoubled.Thisledtosomedistressingmomentsforbothourfriends;theyunderstoodsuddenlythatinsteadofdwellinginheaventheywerestilluponearth,andhadmadethemselvesslavestonewlawsandlimitations.Insteadofbeingfreerandhappierthaneverbefore,theyhadassumednewresponsibilities;theyhadestablishedanewhousehold,andmustfulfillinsomewayoranothertheobligationsofit.Theylookedbackwithaffectiontotheirengagement;theyhadbeenlongingtohaveeachothertothemselves,apartfromtheworld,butitseemedtheyneverfeltsokeenlythattheywerestillunitsinmodernsociety.【參考譯文】但是正如其他很多已經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)的事情一樣，當(dāng)他們最終結(jié)婚后，覺(jué)察最向往的生活變得再實(shí)際不過(guò)了。他們正如那些學(xué)生們所說(shuō)“一半一半那兩個(gè)結(jié)婚的朋友時(shí)常覺(jué)得懊喪；他們突然覺(jué)察自己并沒(méi)有過(guò)著天堂般的生活而是仍實(shí)實(shí)在在地生活在地球上，而且成為了規(guī)章和約束的奴隸。生活并沒(méi)有比以前更自由、更幸福，由于他們要去擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)呢?zé)任。既然成立了一個(gè)的家庭，那就無(wú)論如何也要盡一點(diǎn)家庭的義務(wù)。他們深情地回想起訂婚的那段時(shí)間，曾經(jīng)如此地渴望擁有彼此而忘掉這個(gè)世界，然而現(xiàn)在最深切的感受卻是自己仍是這個(gè)世界的一份子?！?0238】We,thehumanspecies,areconfrontingaplanetaryemergency -athreattothesurvivalofourcivilizationthatisgatheringominousanddestructivepotentialevenaswegatherhere.Butthereishopefulnewsaswell:wehavetheabilitytosolvethiscrisisandavoidtheworst-thoughnotall-ofitsconsequences,ifweactboldly,decisivelyandquickly.However,toomanyoftheworld”sleadersarestillbestdescribedinthewordsofWinstonChurchillappliedtothosewhoignoredAdolfHitler”sthreat:“Theygooninstrangeparadox,decidedonlytobeundecided,resolvedtobeirresolute,allpowerfultobeimpotent.“Sotoday,wedumpedanother70milliontonsofglobal-warmingpollutionintothethinshellofatmospheresurroundingourplanet,asifitwereanopensewer.Andtomorrow,wewilldumpaslightlylargeramount,withthecumulativeconcentrationsnowtrappingmoreandmoreheatfromthesun.【參考譯文】我們?nèi)祟悾媾R全球性的危機(jī)，我們的生存和文明受到威逼。盡管我們聚在一起共商對(duì)策，而災(zāi)難卻在擴(kuò)大，形式不容樂(lè)觀。但也有令人欣喜的消息：假設(shè)行動(dòng)大膽堅(jiān)決，反響快速，我們有力量解決這場(chǎng)危機(jī)，避開(kāi)其向最壞的方向進(jìn)展。但是，時(shí)下世界上的很多國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人可以用當(dāng)年溫斯頓·丘吉爾批判歐洲諸政要無(wú)視阿道夫·希特勒的名言來(lái)形容，“它們?cè)隗@異的悖論中前行，僅僅為一個(gè)打算而遲疑不決，有了決心卻拖泥帶水，信念猶疑不定，見(jiàn)解隨波逐流，掌權(quán)者虛弱無(wú)力。“而如今我們向這個(gè)星球脆弱的大氣層傾倒超過(guò)七千萬(wàn)噸溫室氣體，把其當(dāng)作自然排污口。明天我們還會(huì)變本加厲，積存的溫室氣體吸納了越來(lái)越多的太陽(yáng)熱度。年IthoughtthatitwasaSundaymorninginMay;thatitwasEasterSunday，andasyetveryearlyinthemorning.Iwasstanding，asitseemedtome，atthedoorofmyowncottage.Rightbeforemelaytheveryscenewhichcouldreallybecommandedfromthatsituation，butexalted,aswasusual，andsolemnizedbythepowerofdreams.Therewerethesamemountains，andthesamelovelyvalleyattheirfeet;butthemountainswereraisedtomorethanAlpineheight，andtherewasinterspacedfarlargerbetweenthemofsavannahsandforestlawns;thehedgeswererichwithwhiteroses;andnolivingcreaturewastobeseen,exceptingthatinthegreenchurchyardtherewerecattletranquillyreposingupontheverdantgraveandparticularlyroundaboutthegraveofachildwhomIhadoncetenderlylovejustasIhadreallyseenthem，alittlebeforesunrise，inthesamesummerwhenthatchilddied.我想那是五月的一個(gè)周日的早晨;呈現(xiàn)出了那么一番風(fēng)光，從我那個(gè)位置其實(shí)能夠盡收眼底，可是夢(mèng)里的感覺(jué)往往如此，由于夢(mèng)幻的力氣，這番景;不過(guò)群山挺然參天，高于阿爾;樹(shù)籬上的白玫瑰娟娟彌望;遠(yuǎn)近看不見(jiàn)任何生物，唯有青翠的教堂庭院里，牛群靜靜地臥躺在那片郁郁蔥蔥的墓地休息，好幾頭圍圍著一個(gè)小孩的墳?zāi)埂Ｎ以鴮?duì)她一腔柔情，那年夏天是在旭日東升的前一刻，那孩子死去了，我如同當(dāng)年那樣望著牛群年WhenflyingoverNepal,it”seasytosoarinyourimaginationandpretendyou”retiny—abutterfly—anddriftingaboveoneofthosethree-dimensionaltopographicalmapsarchitectsuse,thecirclingcontourlinesreplacedbytheterracedricepaddiesthatsurroundeachhighridge.Nepalisasmallcountry,andfromthewindowsofourplanefloatingeastwardat12,000feet,onecanseeclearlythebrilliantwhitemirageofthehighHimalayasthirtymilesofftheleftwindow.Outtherightwindow,theviewisofthreeorfourhighterracedridgesgiving