2022屆初中英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)重難點(diǎn)題型講解訓(xùn)練專題12閱讀理解之綜合拓展含解析

PAGE專題12閱讀理解之綜合拓展Part1考情分析中考英語(yǔ)“閱讀理解”題主要是考查考生綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的能力。很多同學(xué)在做題時(shí)常常有一種“讀得懂做不對(duì)”的感覺(jué)。那么有必要對(duì)閱讀理解這種題型及其解題技巧作一些簡(jiǎn)要的分析。首先，中考試題中的閱讀文章題材多樣(涉及政治經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)文化、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、歷史、地理、科學(xué)技術(shù)等各個(gè)方面)，體裁形式豐富(包括記敘文、說(shuō)明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文以及新聞報(bào)道、廣告、通知、操作說(shuō)明、表格等)，這就需要考生在平時(shí)對(duì)各方面的文章都有所訓(xùn)練，迎合中考命題趨勢(shì)。其次，閱讀理解主要是考查考生綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的能力，對(duì)書(shū)面語(yǔ)言的理解能力，尤其是獲取信息的能力。在閱讀技巧上，考生要了解文章的個(gè)別詞或句子、文章的某細(xì)節(jié)或情節(jié)、文章的主題、文章的背景知識(shí)、文章的結(jié)論或結(jié)局、文章內(nèi)涵的寓意等。Part2解題思路1.先讀問(wèn)題，弄清考查要點(diǎn)，以便能帶著問(wèn)題看文章，這樣會(huì)心中有數(shù)，有的放矢。2.快速瀏覽全文，掌握全貌，注意發(fā)現(xiàn)與問(wèn)題有關(guān)的信息，如果時(shí)間緊，至少要掃視一下起首段和尾段。再把標(biāo)題和文章內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來(lái)想一想，這樣全文大意便清楚了。此時(shí)，不要忙于答題。3.細(xì)讀原文，捕捉相關(guān)信息詞，掌握短文細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容。這是解題的關(guān)鍵，應(yīng)特別注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1）抓住四個(gè)"W"和一個(gè)"H"，就是邊讀邊用鉛筆做些標(biāo)記，把What(事件)，When（時(shí)間），Where（地點(diǎn)），Why（原因），How（經(jīng)過(guò)）劃出來(lái)。抓住了四個(gè)“W”和一個(gè)“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的問(wèn)題便可解決。2）抓住連接詞及起關(guān)鍵作用的副詞、代詞、介詞、插入語(yǔ)等。因?yàn)檫@些詞具有因果，讓步，遞進(jìn)，轉(zhuǎn)折，指代，列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能。這對(duì)考生分清文章層次，辨明各種關(guān)系，了解人物心理，推斷作者意圖，進(jìn)行邏輯推理等手段來(lái)分析難點(diǎn)，都具有舉足輕重的作用。3）注意領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的寓意。4）根據(jù)題意，初選答案。這一步須仔細(xì)審題，領(lǐng)會(huì)測(cè)試要求，確定解題方法。對(duì)那些明顯的，有把握的題可以斷然確定，不必把其余三個(gè)答案再作推敲而浪費(fèi)時(shí)間：有些略難的題，應(yīng)再查閱短文（不是重讀一遍），迅速找出依據(jù)，予以排除。3）重讀原文，仔細(xì)斟酌核對(duì)答案。在解完最后一道題后，如果時(shí)間允許，再將原文讀一遍；用全文的主題思想統(tǒng)率各思考題，研究其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系，目的在于對(duì)所做答案進(jìn)一步審查，推出未解答的題，以便減少失誤。Part2常見(jiàn)題型1.主旨大意題閱讀理解是對(duì)整個(gè)文章的目的、意圖、觀點(diǎn)、立場(chǎng)、態(tài)度以及內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系的理解，而不是斷章取義的一孔之見(jiàn)，所以統(tǒng)覽全篇和問(wèn)題是很有必要的，這些問(wèn)題會(huì)給你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要細(xì)節(jié)。在統(tǒng)覽全篇的同時(shí)要注意抓住文章的中心大意，捕捉主題句，因?yàn)橐恍╋@性的答案是可以從主題句中直接回答，而隱性的答案則是要通過(guò)對(duì)全篇的理解才能得出。主題句一般具有以下特征：①概括全段思想。②一般位于段首、段尾或位于段中，它通常是用單詞、短語(yǔ)表達(dá)的。③解這種題目時(shí)，不能只憑文中的只言片語(yǔ)而斷章取義，需要在細(xì)讀全文的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)、背景知識(shí)、生活常識(shí)等推理、判斷，從而獲取文章中內(nèi)隱的信息。主旨題常見(jiàn)的命題形式：①Themainideaofthistextmaybe…….②Thispassageismainlyabout…….③Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext…….④Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?⑤What’sthetopicofthetext?⑥Thepassagegivesusis…...2.推斷題這種題目有一定難度，往往不能直接從文中找到答案，而必須根據(jù)上下文及其相互間的關(guān)系或?qū)φ恼逻M(jìn)行深層理解后，才能找到答案。有時(shí)甚至還得聯(lián)系作者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)、意圖、語(yǔ)氣等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，這些題目一般都是深層意義的題目，他們沒(méi)有明示，大多數(shù)屬于模糊性的，甚至是模棱兩可。解答這類題時(shí)，要求同學(xué)予以高度重視注意從話題出發(fā)，充分運(yùn)用自己的邏輯思維能力，從文章的內(nèi)在含義和字里行間中，從作者的態(tài)度和取向中獲取信息，做出正確的判斷。應(yīng)特別注意以下特征：①吃透文章的表層意思，是推理的前提和基礎(chǔ);②推理的根據(jù)來(lái)自于上下文;③不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn);④在提問(wèn)中常用的詞有suggest,mean,infer(推斷),fromthefact,indicate(暗示)conclusion，probably，likely，reason，because，accordingto"等。推斷題常有的命題形式：①Itcanbeknownfromthetextthat….②Fromthetextweknowthat….③Thestoryimpliesthat….④Theparagraphfollowingthepassagewillmostprobablybe….⑤Thewritersuggeststhat….3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題在閱讀理解題中，又有相當(dāng)一部分屬于事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)題，下面僅就這類題的正確解法作簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明。首先是直接理解性題目，這種題目比較簡(jiǎn)單，只要通讀全文，了解文中所敘述的重要事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)，就可以解答出來(lái)，有的甚至可以從文章的原句中直接找到答案;另外還有一些題目要求對(duì)文中個(gè)別難詞、關(guān)鍵詞、詞組或句子作出解釋或需要對(duì)有關(guān)的上下文提供的語(yǔ)境和信息、甚至對(duì)整篇文章的內(nèi)容建立準(zhǔn)確、立體的理解和判斷。4.猜測(cè)詞義題這類問(wèn)題主要考察學(xué)生兩方面能力。根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)和判斷生詞、短語(yǔ)或句子在閱讀材料中的含義，即利用我們所熟悉的詞或短語(yǔ)和上下文中的已知部分進(jìn)行邏輯上的推理，有時(shí)還需依靠常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)。猜詞的活動(dòng)是閱讀中經(jīng)常遇到的，閱讀理解題目中的作為干擾項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)，一般多是學(xué)生比較熟悉、想當(dāng)然的詞典意義，或者適應(yīng)學(xué)生習(xí)慣的漢語(yǔ)思維方式;而正確的含義往往不只是詞典上的，而是要通過(guò)上下文內(nèi)容的提示才能確定的。解這類題時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下特點(diǎn)：①注意一些過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)，如thatis,thisis,inotherwords等，它們直接引出了同義解釋；②注意連接詞及被猜測(cè)的詞前后的因果，讓步，遞進(jìn)，轉(zhuǎn)折，列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能。③注意同義詞、近義詞、反義詞、同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句，相似或相反的結(jié)構(gòu)等。④對(duì)于句中首字母或全部是大寫(xiě)的單詞,應(yīng)該猜出可能是專有名詞(人名、地名、組織等)，因此拼讀有時(shí)是最合適的方法。【例題】Englishhasbecomeagloballanguage．Sowhichcountry，notincludingEnglish-speakingcountries，speaksEnglishbetter？AndwheredoesChinarank（排名）？ASwedishlanguageeducationcompanypublishedtheirreportthismonth．TheNetherlands（荷蘭）rankedfirst，followedbyDenmarkandSweden．ThesearebasedonEnglishlisteningandreadingtestresultsof950，000peoplefrom72countriesandareas．Accordingtothereport，Chinaisranking39th．Outofthewholecountry，peopleinShanghaiarethebestEnglishspeakers．TheyspeakbetterEnglishthanItaliansandFrench．HongKongandBeijingfollowShanghaiasChina'snextbestEnglish-speakingcities．ShanghaiandBeijingrankhighbecausetheyareinternationalcities．However，acrossChina，Englishabilityisdifferentfromeasttowest．NowChinahas400millionEnglishlearners．However，theteachingofEnglishinsomeareasisnotverygood．AccordingtoPeopleDailyOnline，therearesevenprimaryschoolsinatowninHunanprovince，butonlyoneEnglishteacher．ManystudentsstilllearnEnglishbyrote．SebastianMagnusson，anofficerattheSwedishEmbassy（大使館）inBeijing，gavesomeadvice．SwedishpeoplespeakEnglishwellandMagnussonhimselfisalsogoodatChinese．HesaidTVprograms，moviesandevencomputergamescouldbelearningtools．"Donotlimitittotextbooks．Whatmattersmostistousewhatyou'velearnt，"Magnussonalsosaid．（1）WhatcountryrankedfirstofEnglishabilityinthepassage？A．Sweden．B．Denmark．C．TheUnitedStatesD．TheNetherlands．（2）WhichcityhasthebestEnglishspeakersinChina？A．Beijing．B．Shanghai．C．HongKong．D．Chengdu．（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"byrote"mean？A．死記硬背B．融會(huì)貫通C．熟能生巧D．望文生義（4）Accordingtothepassagewhichofthefollowingistrue？A．ChinesepeoplehavehighlevelsofEnglish．B．MemorizationisagoodwaytolearnEnglish．C．SomeChineseschoolsareshortofEnglishteachers．D．HalfoftheChinesepopulationislearningEnglishnow．（5）WhatcanwetellfromMagnusson'swords？A．Englishisdifficultforyoungerstudentstolearn．B．LearningEnglishfromtextbooksisnotagoodmethod．C．Learnersshouldputwhattheyhavelearnedtopractice．D．Learnersshouldgethelpfromtheirteachersandparents．【點(diǎn)金】文章介紹了英語(yǔ)在世界各地的分布，并介紹了中國(guó)各個(gè)城市學(xué)英語(yǔ)的情況。1．D細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)TheNetherlands（荷蘭）rankedfirst，可知荷蘭排名第一，故選D．2．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)peopleinShanghaiarethebestEnglishspeakers，可知在中國(guó)，上海人說(shuō)英語(yǔ)最好，故選B．3．A詞義猜測(cè)題，根據(jù)ManystudentsstilllearnEnglish…許多學(xué)生仍然通過(guò)…來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)．結(jié)合語(yǔ)境缺少英語(yǔ)老師，所以學(xué)生沒(méi)有更好的學(xué)習(xí)方法，推出劃線單詞的意思是"死記硬背"，故選A．4．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)AccordingtoPeopleDailyOnline，therearesevenprimaryschoolsinatowninHunanprovince，butonlyoneEnglishteacher．人民日?qǐng)?bào)網(wǎng)報(bào)道，在湖南省的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)上，有7所小學(xué)，但只有一名英語(yǔ)教師．可知缺少英語(yǔ)老師，故選C．5．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)"Donotlimitittotextbooks．Whatmattersmostistousewhatyou'velearnt，""不要把它限制在教科書(shū)上．最重要的是使用你所學(xué)到的東西．"，所以學(xué)習(xí)者應(yīng)該把他們所學(xué)到的知識(shí)付諸實(shí)踐，故選C．精講精練【例題1】Howfunnywoulditbetoseememes（表情包）intextbooks？SomestudentsfromChengduNo．7HighSchoolhavemadeitcometrue．Thestudentswroteasetofcreativetextbooksthatincludesfivesubjects﹣Chinese，English，maths，chemistryandphysics．TheysharetheirnotestohelpstudentsprepareforHighSchoolEntranceExamsinthisway．Funnymemescanbeseenalmosteverywhereintheirtextbooks．Eachtextbookhasitsownstyle，too．TheEnglishtextbookintroducesfilmsandTVseries．Thechemistrytextbookhaswuxiacharacters．ThereisaboynamedShangguanHuaxueinthebook．Hemeetsagirlandtheylearnchemistrytogether．Italsohaswuxia﹣stylenotes．YanZuhuai，atopstudentatChengduNo．7HighSchool，isthetextbooks'editor﹣in﹣chief（主編）．HegottheideatocreatethebooksinJune，2017．"Manystudentswantedmetosharemynoteswiththem．WhenIsawpeoplesharingbikes，IthoughtIcouldshareknowledge，too．"Yansaid．Butafterputtingallofhisnotestogether,hefoundthemboring．Realizingthathisclassmatesenjoyedonlinenovelsandmemes，hedecidedtoaddthosethingstohisnotes．Hewroteguidelinesforeachtextbookandinvited13studentstojoinhimincreatingthem．Thefinalversions（版本）ofthetextbookscameoutattheendofDecember．Manypublishinghouseshaveshownaninterestinthem．（1）ThissetoftextbooksincludesthefollowingsubjectsEXCEPT________．A．chemistryB．geographyC．physicsD．maths（2）Whatcanwelearnfromthefourthandfifthparagraphs？A．LotsofstudentswantedYantoshareknowledgewiththem．B．Yanisoneoftheworststudentsinhisschool．C．Yaninvitedsomestudentstowriteguidelines．D．Thetextbookswithonlinenovelsandmemesareveryboring．（3）Whatdoesthispassagemainlytellus？A．Yanandhisteamareinterestedinmemes．B．Itisdifficultforstudentstocreatetextbooks．C．Yan'stextbookscanhelpstudentsstudycreatively．D．Yanisapopulareditor﹣in﹣chiefinhisschool．【答案】BAC【解析】1．B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第二行includesfivesubjects﹣Chinese，English，maths，chemistryandphysics．包括五門科目：語(yǔ)文、英語(yǔ)、數(shù)學(xué)、化學(xué)和物理．可知，沒(méi)有"地理"．選B．2．A．段意猜測(cè)題．根據(jù)第四段"Manystudentswantedmetosharemynoteswiththem．WhenIsawpeoplesharingbikes，IthoughtIcouldshareknowledge，too．"Yansaid．許多學(xué)生希望我和他們分享我的筆記．當(dāng)我看到人們共享自行車時(shí)，我想我也可以分享知識(shí)．"嚴(yán)說(shuō)．可知，許多學(xué)生希望嚴(yán)與他們分享知識(shí)．選A．3．C．主旨大意題．根據(jù)第二段第一句Thestudentswroteasetofcreativetextbooks學(xué)生們寫(xiě)了一套富有創(chuàng)造性的教科書(shū)．第五段Butafterputtingallofhisnotestogether，hefoundthemboring．Realizingthathisclassmatesenjoyedonlinenovelsandmemes，hedecidedtoaddthosethingstohisnotes但是他把所有的筆記放在一起后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)它們很無(wú)聊．意識(shí)到他的同學(xué)們喜歡在線小說(shuō)和表情包，他決定把這些東西添加到他的學(xué)習(xí)筆記中．可知，嚴(yán)的教科書(shū)可以幫助學(xué)生創(chuàng)造性地學(xué)習(xí)．選C．【練習(xí)1】BeijingOperaisthemostrepresentativeofallChinesetraditionaldramaticartformsandthelargestChineseoperaform．Havingahistoryofabout200years，itisdevelopedfromabsorbing（吸收）manyotherdramaticforms，mostlyfromthelocaldrama'Huiban'，whichwaspopularinSouthChinaduringthe18thcentury．Itisascenic（戲劇的）artintegratingmusic，performance，literature，aria，andfacepainting．Theatricalartformsinmanyothercountriesdonotpresentsinging，dancingandspokenpartsinonesingledrama．Anoperasinger，forexample，neitherdancesnorspeaksonstage；therearenosingingordancingpartsinamodernplay；inadancedrama，thedancerhasnospeakingroleanddoesnotsingeither．TraditionalChinesedrama，includingBeijingOpera，isakindofentertainmentwhichincludesspokenparts，singing，dancingandacrobatics．InadditiontoitspresenceinChina，BeijingOperahasspreadtomanyotherplaces．MerLanfang，oneofthemostfamousperformers（表演者）ofalltime，wasthefirsttointroduceBeijingOperatoforeignersandmadehighlysuccessfultourstoforeigncountries．"Youwillbepuzzled（困惑）allthewaythroughandalittleboredfromtimetotime；butyouwillbecharmedandinterested．YouwillbestronglyattractedtoBeijingOperaevenifyouknownothingofthedramaticbackground．"ThisishowoneAmericantravellerdescribedhisfirsexperienceinwatchingBeijingOpera．BeijingOperaisChinasnationaloperaanditisfullofChineseculturaltraditions．WelcometoChinaandenjoyBeijingOpera!（1）WhatmakesBeijingOperadifferentfromtheatricalartformsinmanyothercountries？A．Ithasoneoperasingeronstage．B．Ithasonedancerwhohasnospeakingrole．C．Ithasalreadyspreadtomanyothercountries．D．Itincludesspokenparts，singingdancingandacrobatics．（2）PeoplethinkMeiLanfangplayedanimportantroleinthespreadofBeijingOperabecause___________．A．hemademanytoursoaforeigncountryB．hewasafamousBeijingOperaperformerC．hewasthefirsttointroduceBeijingOperatoforeignersD．hemadeBeijingOperadifferentfromothertheatricalartforms．（3）FromParagraph4weknowthattheAmericantraveler_____________.A．feltboredallthewayB．thoughthighlyofBeijingOperaC．foundBeijingOperainterestingatfirstD．knewthebackgroundofBeijingOpera（4）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"meaninthepassage？A．BeijingOperaB．LocaldramaC．AnoperasingerD．Amodernplay【答案】DCBA【解析】1．D細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文中的第2段Theatricalartformsinmanyothercountriesdonotpresentsinging，dancingandspokenpartsinonesingledrama．Anoperasinger，forexample，neitherdancesnorspeaksonstage；therearenosingingordancingpartsinamodernplay；inadancedrama，thedancerhasnospeakingroleanddoesnotsingeither．TraditionalChinesedrama，includingBeijingOpera，isakindofentertainmentwhichincludesspokenparts，singing，dancingandacrobatics．許多國(guó)家的戲劇藝術(shù)形式在一個(gè)單一的戲劇表演，不存在歌唱、舞蹈和對(duì)話部分．例如，歌劇演員既不在舞臺(tái)上跳舞也不說(shuō)話；在現(xiàn)代戲劇中沒(méi)有唱歌或跳舞的部分；在舞劇中，舞者沒(méi)有說(shuō)話的機(jī)會(huì)．中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)戲劇，包括北京戲曲，是一種包括口語(yǔ)、歌唱、舞蹈和雜技的娛樂(lè)．可知京劇與其它的不同之處是有口語(yǔ)、歌唱、舞蹈和雜技的，故答案D．2．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文中的第3段MerLanfang，oneofthemostfamousperformersofalltime，wasthefirsttointroduceBeijingOperatoforeignersandmadehighlysuccessfultourstoforeigncountries．可知MerLanfang是北京歷史上最著名的演員之一，也是第一位向外國(guó)人介紹中國(guó)京劇及在國(guó)外演出非常成功的人，故答案C．3．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文中的第4段"Youwillbepuzzledallthewaythroughandalittleboredfromtimetotime；butyouwillbecharmedandinterested．YouwillbestronglyattractedtoBeijingOperaevenifyouknownothingofthedramaticbackground．"ThisishowoneAmericantravellerdescribedhisfirsexperienceinwatchingBeijingOpera．"一路上你會(huì)感到困惑，有時(shí)會(huì)感到厭煩，但你會(huì)被吸引．即使你對(duì)戲劇背景一無(wú)所知，你也會(huì)被京劇深深吸引．"這是一位美國(guó)旅行者如何描述他第一次觀看京劇的經(jīng)歷．可知給予了京劇高度的評(píng)價(jià)，故答案B．4．A細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文中的BeijingOperaisChinasnationaloperaanditisfullofChineseculturaltraditions京劇是中國(guó)民族的歌劇，它充滿了中國(guó)文化傳統(tǒng)可知it指的是京劇，故答案A．【例題2】DearLiHua，How'severythinggoing？Congratulationsonyourgraduationfromjuniorhighschool!Ihopeyouhaveagreattimeduringtheholiday，butthereissomethingimportantforyoutothinkabout﹣aplanforyourpersonalgrowth．Hereissomeadviceforyou．Firstly，studyyourself．Understandwhatyoulike，whatyouvalueandwhatyouwanttobe．Instudyingyourself，youcheckyourstrengths（長(zhǎng)處）andweaknesses．Findoutwhatyouneedtoprepareforyourdreamjob．Secondly，writedownyourplan．Whenwriting，youcantryusingMindMaps（思維導(dǎo)圖）．Itisagoodwaytohelpyoutothinkmoreclearly．Andyoumayfindaproperwaytoworkyourplanout．Thirdly，gooveryourplanwithyourteachers，parentsorfriends．Theymaygiveyousomeadvice．Thinkcarefullyabouttheiradviceandmakesomechangestoyourplanifnecessary．Andthenyoucangoonwithit．Finally，（4）．Forexample，ifyouwanttobeanEnglishteacherinthefuture，youshouldspendmoretimereadingEnglishbooks，learningmoreaboutEnglishcultureandpracticingyourlisteningandspeakingfromnowon．Youcanmakeyourdreamcometrueonlythroughhardwork．Youmayfinditdifficulttomaketheplannow．Don'tworry．Allyouneedisjustarough（粗略的）one．Onceyouentertheseniorhighschool，you'llgetachancetomakeitbetterwiththehelpofyourteachers．Andyourpersonalgrowthplanmaychangewithyourage，yourinterestsandthesocialdevelopment．SotakeyourtimeandIbelieveyouwillgrowintoanexcellentyoungman．Bestwishes!Yours,LiFang（1）Theunderlinedword"study"inParagraph3probablymeans"_________"inChinese．A．學(xué)習(xí)B．審視C．幫助D．調(diào)查（2）WhichofthefollowingcanbethemissingpartinParagraph6？A．plantofindajobB．trytobeanEnglishteacherC．practiceEnglishD．workhardtorealizeyourdream（3）Accordingtothepassage，apersonalgrowthplaninyourlifetimemaychangewiththefollowingthingsexcept___________．A．yourMindMapsB．yourageC．socialdevelopmentD．yourinterests（4）Intheletter，LiFangmainlywantstotellLiHua__________．A．howtospendtheholidayhappilyB．howtoprepareforhisdreamjobC．howtomakehispersonalgrowthplanD．howtoreviewtheplanwithhisfriends【答案】DDAC【解析】1．D詞義猜測(cè)題．根據(jù)后句Understandwhatyoulike，whatyouvalueandwhatyouwanttobe．Instudyingyourself，youcheckyourstrengths（長(zhǎng)處）andweaknesses．了解你喜歡什么，你看重什么，你想成為什么樣的人．在研究自己時(shí)，你要檢查自己的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)．可知結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，應(yīng)說(shuō)調(diào)查自己．所以study意為調(diào)查．故選D．2．D細(xì)節(jié)推理題．根據(jù)后句Forexample，ifyouwanttobeanEnglishteacherinthefuture，youshouldspendmoretimereadingEnglishbooks，learningmoreaboutEnglishcultureandpracticingyourlisteningandspeakingfromnowon．Youcanmakeyourdreamcometrueonlythroughhardwork．例如，如果你將來(lái)想成為一名英語(yǔ)老師，你應(yīng)該花更多的時(shí)間讀英語(yǔ)書(shū)，學(xué)習(xí)更多關(guān)于英語(yǔ)文化的知識(shí)，從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始練習(xí)你的聽(tīng)力和口語(yǔ)．只有通過(guò)努力，你才能實(shí)現(xiàn)你的夢(mèng)想．可知結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，應(yīng)說(shuō)努力實(shí)現(xiàn)你的夢(mèng)想．故選D．3．A細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)最后一段句子Onceyouentertheseniorhighschool，you'llgetachancetomakeitbetterwiththehelpyourteachers．Andyourpersonalgrowthplanmaychangewithyourage，yourinterestsandthesocialdevelopment．SotakeyourtimeandIbelieveyouwillgrowintoanexcellentyoungman．一旦你進(jìn)入高中，你就有機(jī)會(huì)在老師的幫助下做得更好．你的個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)計(jì)劃可能會(huì)隨著你的年齡、興趣和社會(huì)發(fā)展而改變．所以慢慢來(lái)，我相信你會(huì)成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的年輕人．可知根據(jù)這篇文章，你一生中的個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)計(jì)劃可能會(huì)隨著以下事情而改變，除了你的思維導(dǎo)圖．故選A．4．C主旨?xì)w納題．根據(jù)這篇文章內(nèi)容及其第二段句子Ihopeyouhaveagreattimeduringtheholiday，butthereissomethingimportantforyoutothinkaboutaplanforyourpersonalgrowth.我希望你在假期里過(guò)得愉快，但是有一些重要的事情需要你去思考一個(gè)關(guān)于你個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)的計(jì)劃．可知信中，李方主要想告訴李華如何制定個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)計(jì)劃．故選C．【練習(xí)2】Toraisesnails（蝸牛）well，youneedtospray（噴）watertothecontainer（容器）everymorningandevening，changesoileverytwoweeks，andfeedthemwithvegetablesandsweetfruits，"saidSunYouxiangafterraisingsnailsforoneyear．Heisafourth-gradeprimaryschoolstudentinHangzhou，ZhejiangProvince．Fromthreewhitejadesnailsattheverybeginningtomorethansixtysnailsoffourgenerations（代）now，hehasdoneagreatjobforhisscienceclass．Watchingthereproduction（繁殖）ofanimalsisanuncommonexperienceforkids．Theircreativity，patienceandrespect（尊重）forlifewillbedevelopedastheylearntotakecareofanimalsontheirown．Sun'steachersaidthejobservedasagoodexampleoflifeeducation．Practiceisanecessarystepinlearninganditwillbenefitthekidsforalifetime．Lifeeducationallowskidstoknowhowtolivewithnatureandcreatures（生物）inafriendlyway．Startingfromthisyear．sciencewillbecomeanimportantsubjectasChineseandmathinprimaryschoolsinordertoimprovestudents'knowledgeaboutthethingsaroundus．Becauseofcuriosity（好奇心），morekidswillbewillingtowatchandthinkthroughpractising．Itwilladdtoourknowledgeoftheworldinthelongrun．（1）WhichofthefollowingisWRONGaboutSunYouxiang？A．Heisgoodatraisingsnails．B．Hemakesalotofmoneybyraisingsnails．C．Raisingsnailsisaninterestingexperienceforhim．D．Hebecomescreativeandpatientthroughtakingcareofsnails．（2）Theunderlinedword"benefit"inParagraph2means__________．A．hurtB．protectC．begoodforD．bepopularwith（3）InParagraph3，"Lifeeducationallowskidstoknowhowtolivewithnatureandcreaturesinafriendlyway"means________．A．natureandcreaturesarefriendlytokidsB．lifeeducationcanmakekidsmorefriendlyC．lifeeducationtellskidshowtomakefriendsD．lifeeducationtellskidshowtogetonwellwithnatureandcreatures（4）WhatdoesSunYouxiang'steacherthinkofhisjob？A．Ittakestoomuchtime．B．Itwasteslotsofmoney．C．Itcan'thelpwithSun'sstudy．D．Itservesasagoodexampleoflifeeducation．（5）Whatisthemainideaofthepassage？A．Howtoraisesnails．B．Patience，thekeytosuccess．C．Theimportanceoflifeeducation．D．Howtothinkthroughpractising．【答案】BCDDC【解析】1．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文中的第一段Toraisesnails（蝸牛）well，youneedtospray（噴）watertothecontainer（容器）everymorningandevening，changesoileverytwoweeks，andfeedthemwithvegetablesandsweetfruits．"saidSunYouxiangafterraisingsnailsforoneyear．Heisafourth﹣gradeprimaryschoolstudentinHangzhou．ZhejiangProvince．為了更好地養(yǎng)蝸牛，你需要每天早上和晚上把水噴到容器里，每?jī)芍軗Q一次土壤，然后用蔬菜和甜果喂它們．"孫有翔養(yǎng)蝸牛是非常擅長(zhǎng)的，故A正確；根據(jù)第二段Watchingthereproductionofanimalsisanuncommonexperienceforkids．觀察動(dòng)物的繁殖對(duì)孩子來(lái)說(shuō)是不尋常的經(jīng)歷，可知對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)也是一個(gè)不同尋常的經(jīng)歷，故C正確；結(jié)合第二段Theircreativity，patienceandrespectforlifewillbedevelopedastheylearntotakecareofanimalsontheirown他們的創(chuàng)造力、耐心和對(duì)生命的尊重會(huì)隨著他們學(xué)會(huì)照顧自己的動(dòng)物而發(fā)展起來(lái)，可知D正確，B沒(méi)有提到掙很多錢，故答案是B．2．C詞義猜測(cè)題，根據(jù)文中的前面Practiceisanecessarystepinlearningand實(shí)踐是學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中必不可少的一步，后面對(duì)于孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，應(yīng)該是終身受益，故答案是C．3．D句子翻譯題，根據(jù)文中的Lifeeducationallowskidstoknowhowtolivewithnatureandcreaturesinafriendlyway．生命教育讓孩子們懂得如何與大自然和生物友好相處．可知與D相吻合，故答案是D．4．D細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文中的第三段Sunsteachersaidthejobservedasagoodexampleoflifeeducation，可知孫老師說(shuō)，這項(xiàng)工作是一個(gè)很好的例子，故答案是D．5．C主旨?xì)w納題，根據(jù)文中的最后一段Lifeeducationallowskidstoknowhowtolivewithnatureandcreaturesinafriendlyway．生命教育讓孩子們懂得如何與大自然和生物友好相處，可知結(jié)合文章主要通這觀察蝸牛的生活面引出生命教育的重要性，故答案是C．【例題3】Fromayoungage,I'vehadareallydeepconnectionwithbeingoutside．I'vebeenskiingSinceIwaseightornineyearsold．I'vebeenonexpeditions（探險(xiǎn)）inmanyplaceslikeChina，Pakistanandsoon．Butitwasinmyhomecountry，theUSA，thatIcameclosesttodeath．ItwasApril1,2011．IwasskiingintheTetonswithmyfriendsJeremyandXavier，bothexperiencedsnowboarders．Thatday，Iwasthelastpersontoski．Theywerewatchingmefromasafearea．Suddenly，Iheardsomeonecryloudly．Iturnedaroundandsawthewholemountainstarttomovebehindme．Itwasamassiveavalanche（大雪崩）．Thekindofavalanchethatdestroystrees，cars，buses,evenhouses!Tensofthousandsoftonsofsnowwerecomingstraightdownthemountainbehindme．Ifeltthesnowpushmeforward，hundredsofmeters，andthencoverme．ItwassoheavythatIcouldn'tbreathe．Andthenitpushedmeforwardagainandup，outofthesnowpack．Ilookedaround,andforafewsecondsIactuallystoppedbeingterrified．Ihadamomenttopauseandtolookatthepoweroftheavalanche．Ilookeddownintothebottomofthevalley（峽谷）．Icouldseetreesthatwere30mtall，becauseIwassofaraway，theylookedtinytome．"OK，I'mgoingallthewaytothebottom!"Ithought．Thenthesnowpushedmeagaindownthemountainanother450m．Ithoughttheforceofthesnowwoulddestroyme，itwaspowerful．Butintheend，IfelttheavalancheslowdownandIjustpopped（迸出）rightoutofthesnowatthebottomofthevalley．IttookJeremyandXavierabout20minutestoreachme．Therewasapileofdebris（碎片）acrossthebottomofthemountain300mwide.Theycouldn'tbelieveitwhentheysawme．Iwassolucky．Hastheexperiencechangedme？DoIthinkaboutlifedifferently？Idon'tknow,maybe.ButIdoknowthatit'simportanttoliveyourlifewithmeaning．Lifeisagift，souseitwisely．（1）Whatimpressedthewritermostinhisskiingexperienceis__________．A．thepowerofsnowB．thesightofthevalleyC．thedangerofpoppingD．theluckofhisexpedition（2）Theunderlinedword'they'refersto__________．A．themountainsB．thetreesC．JeremyandXavierD．Pilesofdebris（3）Fromthepassage，it'struethat_________．A．thewritercameclosesttodeathwhenheskiedinPakistanB．theavalanchepushedthewriterdownabout300mawayC．thewriter'sfriendswatchedhimatthebottomofthevalleyD．thewritercouldn'tbreathebecauseoftheweightofthesnow（4）Thewriterwasthrownoutofthesnowwhen__________．A．hisfriendsreachedforhimB．hewaspushedtothebottomC．theavalanchestartedtoslowdownD．thesnowdrovehimforwardagain（5）Accordingtothewriter，__________．A．hisexperienceandhisfriendshavechangedhimB．it'simpossibletoknowtheforceofsnowC．oneshouldnotliveameaninglesslifeD．hedoesn'tmindthematteroflifeordeath【答案】ABDBC【解析】1．A細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文中的第2段Ilookedaround，andforafewsecondsIactuallystoppedbeingterrified．Ihadamomenttopauseandtolookatthepoweroftheavalanche．我環(huán)顧四周，幾秒鐘后，我就不再害怕了．我有片刻的停頓，看看雪崩的力量可知本文主要是通過(guò)描述這場(chǎng)事故，即雪崩的力量給作者留下的深刻的印象，故答案是A．2．B詞義猜測(cè)題，根據(jù)文中的Icouldseetreesthatwere30mtall，becauseIwassofaraway，theylookedtinytome．我能看到30米高的樹(shù)，因?yàn)槲译x他們太遠(yuǎn)，對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)它們看起來(lái)很小可知they指的是那些樹(shù)，故答案是B．3．D細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文中的第2段Ifeltthesnowpushmeforward，hundredsofmeters，andthencoverme．ItwassoheavythatIcouldn'tbreathe.我感覺(jué)到雪把我推向幾百米，然后蓋上我．它太重了以至于我不能呼吸可知D正確，故答案是D．4．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文中的第3段Thenthesnowpushedmeagaindownthemountainanother450m．可知然后雪又把我推下了山，故答案是B．5．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文中的最后一段ButIdoknowthatit'simportanttoliveyourlifewithmeaning但我知道重要的是讓你的生活充滿意義，可知每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該有意義地活著，故答案是C．課后作業(yè)InAmerica，boysandgirlsoftenjoinclubs．Themembersofaclubworktogether．Theyalsolearncertainskillsandsharegoodtimes．ManyboysbelongtoBoyScouts．Boyscoutsenjoyhikingandcampingouttogether，