2022年中考英語專題復習導學案：時態(tài)專題

2022年中考英語專題復習導學案：時態(tài)專題一、一般現(xiàn)在時

注：當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，謂語動詞需加-s或-es：

規(guī)則1._____________________2._________________________3._______________________注意：動詞have的第三人稱單數(shù)是has.

寫出下列動詞的單數(shù)第三人稱形式。

cook

6.

enjoy

______7.

go

_______8

receive

_________10.

close

_______11.

drive

______12.

choose

______13.

play

________14.

reach

_____一般現(xiàn)在時的用法：

表經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事作或狀態(tài)，常用的頻度副詞有：

always、often、

usually、seldom、never。Eg.SheoftensingswiththebandCrazyBoy.2.表內心活動感情等don'tthinkyouareright.

3.描述客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象、格言警句等eg.Birdsflyinthesky.Pride

goes

before

a

fall.

驕者必敗。4.表計劃或預定的行為art,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take

place等。egThetrainleavesat9:00tomorrowmorning.5.表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。My

father

worksinafactory.He

is

very

busy.

6.表示主語具備的性格、特征和能力等。Ann

writes

good

English

but

does

not

speak

well.具體情況（主要用于下面幾情況）1)描述當前時間內經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)、反復發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。在這種情景中，句子常帶有表示頻：always,everyday,often,onceaweek(month,year,etc.),sometimes,seldom,usually等等，以表示句中的動作或狀態(tài)是習慣性的、經(jīng)常性的。例如：eautifulflowers.(she)ecollectingstamps.(Ben)listentomusiccarefully.(myaunt)likemakingamodelship.(Helen)3）寫出下列動詞的相應形式

II.用所給動詞的適當形式填空：

1．I________(write)toyouassoonasI_______(get)toLondon.

2.Hedoean'welland____________(noteat)anyfoodthismorning.

3.He_________(see)mecomein,forhe______(read)somethingwithgreatinterest.

4.I_________(l;et)youhavethebookassoonasI_________(finish)it.

5.Whilewe________(wait)forourteacher,alittleboy______(run)uptous.III單項選擇：

stuwillgototheSummerPalaceifit_____tomorrow.

'trainB.doesn'trainC.won'train

2.There___anEnglishfilmnextweek.

A.willhaveB.isgoingtohaveC.isgoingtobeD.wasgoingtobe

3.Thepicture_______nice.

lookedlooking

4.She______downandsoonfellasleep.

A.liveB.lainC.laidD.lay

5.They_____theofficeatnineyesterdaymorning.

A.reachedtoB.arrivedC.wentD.getto

6.WeshallShanghaionbusinessbeforeyou_____backnextweek.

A.wilcomeB.cameC.wouldcomeD.come

7.Don'tsmokeuntiltheplane______off.

B.tooktakentake

8.Isawher__roomthismorning.

enterB.enteredC.enterD.enters

teaskedus______toschoolontime.A.tocome

10.Johnisa______others.

A.helpB.helpingC.helpsD.tohelp

二、一般過去時時間狀語：ago,yes,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlong等。2.動詞原形以ow／aw結尾，過去式常變?yōu)閑w。know—knew,grow—grew,throw—threw,draw—drew等。但是也有一些例外，例如：show—showed。3.許多動詞只要將動詞原形中的元音字母i改為a，就可變?yōu)檫^去式。begin—began,gve,sing—sang,swim—swam,sit—sat,drink—drank,ring—rang但是win—won例外。4．有些動詞的過去式以o(a)ught結尾。bring—brought,buy—bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught上述動詞過去式究竟是以oughtt結尾，只要記住“有a則a，無a則o”即可。即:原形中有a的，過去式變?yōu)閍ught，否則為ought。5．以eep結尾的動詞，常將eep改為ept構成過去式。keep—kept,sleep—slept,sweep—swept一般過去時的用法1）表示過去某個時間所發(fā)在的狀態(tài)。常和表示過去的時間狀語yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,justnow,theotherday,in1982等連用。在一般過去式中，要表達“過多少時間之后”，一般用after。Wheredidyougojustnow?Afterafewyears,shestartedtoplaythepiano.2）表示在過去，經(jīng)?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作。常與often,always等表示頻度的副詞連用。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.3）表示過去連續(xù)發(fā)生的一系列動作。Thestudentsgotupearlyinthemorning,didmorningexercisesandthenreadEnglishaloudintheopenair.4）有些發(fā)生時間不是很清楚的情況，實際是過去發(fā)生的，也應用過去時態(tài)。Hownicetoseeyouhere!Ithoughtyouwereout.另外，還可用過去時表示委婉的語氣。.Couldyoulendmeyourpen?特殊用法（一般過去時表現(xiàn)在）(1)在賓語從句中，由于時態(tài)呼應的關系，可用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在：Ididn’tknowyouwerehere.我不知道你在這兒。(were實際上指現(xiàn)在)Ididn’tknowyouweresobusy．我沒想到你這么忙。(were實際上指現(xiàn)在)(2)表示客氣委婉的現(xiàn)在：Iwonderedifyouwerefreethisevening.不知您今晚是否有空。Ithoughtyoumightlikesomeflowers.我想您也許想要些花?！咀ⅰ磕苓@樣有的動詞主要限于want,wonder,think,hope,intend等少數(shù)動詞。(3)用于某些特殊結構中表示現(xiàn)在：It’stimewestarted.我們該動身了。IwishIknewhisname.要是我知道他的名字就好了。I’dratheryoulivedclosertous.我希望你能住得離我們近點。【注】該用法主要用于it’stime,Iwish,I’drather,ifonly,asif,等少數(shù)結構后接從句的情形，其中有些結構后面的句子還可用一般過去時表示將來：I’dratheryoucamenextMonday.我寧愿你下周星期一來。另外表主觀想法的虛擬條件句也用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在：IfIhadthemoneynowI’dbuyacar.假若我現(xiàn)在有錢，我就買輛小汽車。練習：1.—DidyourbrothergotoAmericalastyear?—_____________A.No,hedirgothereB.No,hehasnevergonehereC.No,heneverwasthereD.No,he’sneverbeenthere2.--I’msorrhavemissedthebus.It_________fiveminutesago.--WhatapA.wasleavingB.hasleft C.leftD.leaves3.--Mr.Johnson,wehavefoundyourwatch.--Mywatch！Thankyou.Where____it?A.doyoufindB.haveyoufoundC.didyoufindD.wereyoufinding4.LastweekJohn_____hisleg.A.feltandbrokenB.fellandbrokeC.feelsandbreaksD.fallenandbroken5.Jack_________histhickcoatbecauseitwassnowing.注意：1、時間，條件狀語從句中，從句一般是主將從現(xiàn)。Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,we’llgocamping.2、Therebe結構的一般將來時（近主語原則）TherewillbeThereis/aregoingtobe具體情況（主要用于下面幾情況）主要用來描述將要發(fā)生的動作或存在于未來的情況。這里所說的“將來時間”是指“說話、寫文章那一刻以后的時間”。它的表示方法主要有如下幾種：1）shall/w動詞原形這種表示方法是說，動作在現(xiàn)在或目前還未發(fā)生，要在將來的某個時間內發(fā)生；它沒有主觀性，是“純粹的將來動作”。例如：Ishall/willnotbefreetomorrow.我明天沒空。2)be(am/is/are)+going+不定式這種表示方法主要是說明A）“說話人的意圖、打算”；B）“某種可能性”。例如：A)HeisgoingtospendhisholidaysinLondon.他打算在倫敦度假。B)Itisgoingtorainsoon.馬上要下雨了。3)用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在進行時（限于某些動詞）表示按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事。主要強調“按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事”。Theplanetakesoffat11:00.那架飛機上午十一點起飛。練習：1.Mr.Smith_______atalkoncountrymusicnextMonday.3Mary'hdayisnextMonday,hermother_____（give）herapresent.4.Itisverycoldthesedays.It______（snow）soon.5Iamafraidthere______（be）ameetingthisafternoon.Ican'tjoinyou.6.Mike______（believe,not）thisuntilhe______（see）itwithhisowneyes.7.Mostofusdon'tthinktheirteam______（win）.四、把下列各句譯成英語1．我叔叔今晚要來。2．他沒有打算住那座小屋。3．我們要讀這本書。4．-你爸爸要去釣魚嗎？-不。

四、過去將來時時間狀語：tomorrow,ay(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,by…,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.基本結構would,was/weregoingto,was/wereto，was/wereaboutto等+do基本用法1.賓語從句或間接引語中egHedidn'texpectthatwewouldallbethere.2.表示過去習慣性的動作egDuringthatperiod,hewoulddothiseveryday3.表示過去的愿望、傾向，多用于否定句om]A)ShetoldmethatshewouldgoontriptoEuropethenextday.她告訴我，她第二天要去歐洲旅行。Hedidn'texpectthatwewouldallbethere.他沒料到我們會全在那兒。B)Duringthatperiod,hewoulddomorningexerciseseveryday.在那段時間，他每天早鍛煉。Whenevhadtime,hewouldhelphismotherwithsomehousework.無論他什么時間有空,他總是幫他媽媽干點家務活。C)Nomatterhowdifficulttheworkwas,hewouldkeepondoingituntilheaccomplishedit.不管工作有多難，他總會堅持不懈地把它干完。練習題I.選擇填空1.LiMingsaidhe_____happyifBrian_____toChinanextmonth.A.as;cB.was;wouldcomeC.wouldbe;cameD.willbe;come2.Jennysaidshe_____herholidayinChina.A.spentBdspentC.wasgoingtospentD.wouldspend3.—Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter?

—Hetoldmethathe______theDisneyWorldthenextday.A.willvisit

B.hasvisited

C.isgoingtovisit

D.wouldvisit4.Ihope______tomybirthdaypartyontimethenextWednesday.A.tocome

B.iscomingC.willcome

D.wascoming5.Fathersaidthathe______metoBeijingthenextyear.A.took

B.wouldtakeC.takes

D.willtake6.Wewerenotsurewhetherthey______morevegetables.A.aregoingtogrow

B.weregoingtogrowC.willgrow

D.havegrown7.She______rkwhenthetelephonerang.A.isgoing

B.willgo

C.wasabouttogo

D.

istogoII.用所給動詞的適當形式填空1.MissZhangsaidshe________(visit)theGreatWallnextsummer.2.Shetoldhimthatshe________(notstay)hereforlong.3.Iwasn’tsurewhetherLucy_______(come)thenextyear.4.Thescientistssaidtheworld’spopulation_______(slow)downinfuture.5.Shesaidthebus_______(leave)atfivethenextmorning.6.Iwasnewhetherhe_______(lend)mehisbookthenextmorning.7.Hewasfifty-six.Intwoyearshe_______(be)fifty-eight.8.Whenevershehastime,she______(help)themintheirwork.五、現(xiàn)在進行時時間狀語：now,atthistime,thesedays,etc.注：動詞V-ing的構成形式寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。

1、shop

2、relax

3、jump

4、make

5、have

6、talk

7、tie

8、run

9、swim

10、cry

11、come

12、watch

現(xiàn)在進行時的用法：1)表示現(xiàn)在（指說話人說話時）正在發(fā)生或進行的動作。常與now,rightnow,atthismoment等時間狀語連用。例如：Wearewaitingforyounow.我們正在等你。2)表示現(xiàn)階段（說話前后一段時間內），一直在進行的活動。說話時動作未必正在進行。例如：Mr.iswritinganothernovel.他在寫另一部小說。（說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。）Heisthinkingaboutthisproblemthesedays.這些天來他一直在考慮這個問題。3)表示反復發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，常與always,constantly,forever等詞連用，往往帶有說話人的贊許、批評等主觀色彩。例如：Youarealwayschangingyourmind.你老是改變主意。4)表示漸變，這樣的動詞有：get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。例如：Theleavesareturningred.葉子在變紅。It'sgettingwarmerandwarmer.天越來越熱了。5)表示一個在最近按進行的動作。多有一個表示未來時間的狀語。這種情況僅限于少量動詞，如：go,come,leave,arrive,see,have,lunch(吃午飯),return,dine(進餐，尤指晚餐),work,sleep,stay,play,do,wear(穿，戴)等。等。例如：--Tom,

supper

is

ready.

Come

quickly.

-OK.

I'm

coming.

注意：表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動詞如果指現(xiàn)在情況的話，一般不用于進行時，而要用一般現(xiàn)在時。這樣的動詞有l(wèi)ove,

like,

hate,

want,

hope,

need,

wish,

know,

understand,

remember,

belong,

hear,

see,

seem,

have(有),

sound(聽起來),

taste（嘗起來）等。

練習：1.--Wherermother,Helen?--She________theflowersinthegarden.A.watersB.wateredC.iswateringD.haswatered2.--Hurryup!It'stimetoleave.--OK,________.A.I'mcomingB.I'llcomeC.I'vecomeD.Icome3.--ShallweinviteTomtoplayfootballnow?--Oh,no.Hehisclothes.A.iswashingB.washesC.haswashedD.washed--Mum,_______shallwehavelunch?--Wewillhaveitwhenyourdad_________.A.when;returnsB.where;returnsC.where;willreturnD.when;willreturn5.--TowillbeFather'sDay.Whatwillyoudoforyourfather?--Iwillsay"Iloveyou,Daddy"assoonashe_______up.A.willwakeB.iswakingC.wakesD.woke6.Ourteachersaidlight____fasterthansound.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.istravellingD.travels7.--Let'ishingifit_______thisweekend.--Butnobodyknowsifit_______.A.isfine,willrainB.willbefine,rainsC.isfine,rainsD.willbefine,willrain8.--Isyourfatdoctor?--Yes,heis.He________inTownHospital.A.hasworkedB.hadworkedC.worksD.worked9.Thesun______intheeast.A.isalwaysrisingB.alwaysisrisingC.risesalwaysD.alwaysrises10.e________abookaboutNewYork.Idon’tthinkhewillfinishit.A.writesB.wroteC.haswrittenD.iswriting11.Zhaalotofhouseworkeveryevening,butnowhe________hisschoolmateswiththeirlessons.A.does;helpsB.does;ishelpingC.doing;helpsD.doing;helping12.Please

don’t

leave

the

office

until

your

friend____back.

A.came

B.comes

C.have

come

D.will

come13.Listen

!ne______in

the

next

room

.

A.cried

B.crying

C.is

crying

D.has

cried

must

tm

the

news

as

soon

as

you______him.

A.see

B.sees

C.will

see

D.is

seeing

15.BruceoriteslettersinEnglish.（用now改寫句子）16.Tinaoftendoesherhomeworkintheevening.（對劃線部分提問）17.Sheliayingvolleyballatschool.（對劃線部分提問）18.Myfatherisatwork.(同義句)19.TomiswaTVwithhisgrandpa.（一般疑問句及回答）20.Heinahospital.（一般疑問句及回答）特殊用法（現(xiàn)在進行時用法之表將來）現(xiàn)在進行時表將來，主要表示按計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作：They’regettingmarriednextmonth.他們下個月結婚。現(xiàn)在進行時與一般現(xiàn)在時均可表示將來，區(qū)別是：用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來，其計劃性較強，并往往暗示一種意圖；而一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，則其客觀性較強，即通常被視為客觀事實，多指按時刻表或規(guī)定要發(fā)生的情況：I’mnotgoingoutthisevening.今晚我不準備出去。Whattimedoesthetrainleave?火車什么時候開?

練習題寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play______run__________swim________make_______go________like________write_________read________have____g_______dance____put______see_____buy______love__________live______take________come________get________stop________sit________begin_____shop________二、用所給的動詞的正確形式填空：boy__________________(draw)apicturenow.

2.Listen.Somegirls__________(sing)intheclassroom.

3.Mymother____________(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What_____you______(do)now?

5.Look.They_____________(have)anEnglishlesson.三、句型轉換：aredoinghousework.(分別改成一般疑問句和否定句)

①__________________________________________

②______________________________________2．I'mpthefootballintheplayground.(改為否定句)___________________________________3．Tomisreadiksinhisstudy.(改為一般疑問句)___________________________________四、時態(tài)提高題一.填空題1．Mr_______________(read)abooknow.2.Therabbits

_________________(jump)now.3..Look!TomandJohn___________(swim).4.Mybrother__________(make)akiteinhisroomnow.5.Loebus_______________(stop).6.We_______________(have)anEnglishclassnow.7.Listen!Someoneis__________________(come).8.They___________________(catch)butterfliesnow.9.He

_______________(do)anexperimentnow.10.They

_______________(collect)stampsnow.二、造句1).she,thewipen,now.(用現(xiàn)在進行時連詞成句.)_______________2).is,who,thewindow,cleaning?(連詞成句)______________________3).Sheisclosingthedoornow.(改成否定句)______________________三、用現(xiàn)在進行時完成下列句子:(do)?

(sing)anEnglishsong.(mend)?

(mend)acar.六、過去進行時時間狀語：atthiyesterday,atthattime，或以when/while引導的時間狀語從句（謂語動詞是一般過去時）過去進行時的用法：1.表示在過去某一時刻或某一階段正在發(fā)生的動作。Iwashavingashoweratthattime.

那時我正沖澡。2.

表示某個短暫性動作發(fā)生的背景。Iwasreadingthenewspaperwhenthedoorbellrang.

3.

過去進行時在語境中的運用。Shedidn'thearthedoorbell.Shewaslisteningtotheradio.

她沒聽見門鈴響，她在聽收音機。注：與

always,forever,frequently

等副詞連用，可表示某種感情的色彩。如：Shewasforevercomplaining.

她老是抱怨。(厭煩)Shewasalwaysthinkingofothers.

她老是想到別人。(贊揚)4.在復合句中，若主要動作和背景動作是同時發(fā)生的，那么主從句都可用過去進行。JennywasreadingwhileDannywaswriting.通常不能用于過去進行時的動詞主要有：agree,be,believe,belong,care,forget,hate,have(擁有),hear,know,like,love,mean,mind,notice,own,remember,seem,suppose,understand,want,wish等。例如：誤：Iwasknowingtheanswer.正：Iknewtheanswer.我知道答案。誤：Iwasn’tunderstandinghim.正：Ididn’tunderstandhim.我不明白他的意思。6.用于故事的開頭，交代故事發(fā)生的背景情況。過去進行時所描述的動作是“正在進行”，所以，在這種情景中用“過去進行時”可以給讀者一種“動感”，從而能使文章更加生動活潑。例如：Oneniewastypinginhisstudy.Suddenly,amanbrokeintohishouseandcutofftheelectricity….一天晚上，他正在書房里打字。突然，一個人闖進屋來，切斷了電源……7.（僅限少數(shù)動詞）表示在過去的未來時間要發(fā)生的動作。例如：WhenNationalDaywascomingnear,theybegantomakeaplanfortheholiday.國慶節(jié)即將來臨的時候，他們開始制訂度假計劃。ShetoldmshewasgoingtoHainanforherholiday.她告訴我她將去海南度假。8.過去進行時用法之表將來，用過去進行時表示現(xiàn)在，主要是為了使語氣委婉、客氣。如：--Oh,we_______someshoppinginthesupermarket.A.havedoneB.didC.weredoingD.aredoing2.--Whatdoyouthinkofthecolourofmynewdress?--Sorry,butwhatdidyousay?I_________aboutsomethingelse.A.thinkB.thoughtC.amthinkingD.wasthinking3.ImyhomeworkwhilemyparentsTVlastnight.A.did;havewatchedB.wasdoing;werewatchingC.haddone;werewatchingD.woulddo;werewatching4.IcalledHannahmanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldn'tgetthrough.Herbrother___onthephoneallthetime!

A.wastalking

B.hasbeentalking

C.hastalked

D.talked5.Idon'tbyou'vealreadyfinishedreadingthebook—I_____ittoyouthismorning!A.wouldlend

B.waslending

C.hadlent

D.lent6.—IsawJdherboyfriendintheparkateightyesterdayevening.

—Impossible.She

TVwithmeinmyhomethen.A.watched

B.hadwatched

C.wouldwatch

D.waswatching7.—Whatdthinkofthemovie?

—It'sfantastic.TheonlypityisthatI__________thebeginningofit.一、用動詞的適當形式填空1.Whilewe__________(wait)forthebus,agirl__________(run)uptous.2.I__________(telephone)afriendwhenBob__________(come)in.3.Jim__________(jump)onthebusasit__________(move)away.4.We________(test)thenewmachinewhentheelectricity_______(go)off.5.She________(notwant)tostayinbedwhiletheothers________(all,work)inthefields.二、選擇題______cookedamealwhenyou_____me.a.,wereringing

b.wascooking,rang

c.wascooking,wereringing

d.cooked,range_____todrawaplaneontheblackboardatthattime.a.tries

b.tried

c.wastrying

d.willtryshe______TV,she______asoundoutsidetheroom.a.waswg,washearing

b.watched,washearingc.watched,heard

d.waswatching,heard_____afootballgamefrom7to9lastnight.a.werewg

b.watch

c.watched

d.arewatchingbook____you______whenI____youatfouryesterdayafternoon?a.did,rasseeing

b.did,read,sawc.were,reading,saw

d.were,reading,wasseeingwasFridayevening.MrandMrs.Green___readytoflytoEngland.a.aregetting

b.get

c.weregetting

d.gotFeng_____always_____ofotherswhenhe______inthearmy.a.is,thinking,was

b.was,thinking,is

c.did,think,is

d.was,thinking,wasgirl______mypenfalloffthetablewhenshe_____me.a.saw,passed

b.wasseeing,passedc.wasseeing,passedd.wasseeing,waspassing____fortomattenlastSunday.Heoftenkeptus______.a.werewawaiting

b.werewaiting,wait

c.waited,waiting

d.waited,wait____hisfatheronthefarmthewholeafternoonlastSaturday.a.helps

b.wouldhelp

c.washelping

d.ishelping七、現(xiàn)在完成時時間狀語：recently,lately,since…for…,inthepastfewyears,etc.動詞過去分詞的構成：動詞過去分詞的規(guī)則變化與過去式的規(guī)則變化相同；不規(guī)則變化的需要我們單獨記憶，記住常見動詞的過去分詞，例如：dosayheargohavesleepfindgetcutputeatbuycomereadpaythinkbringtell現(xiàn)在完成時的用法：1.表示過去成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，常與already,yet,ever,never,just，before等詞連用。Youhavealreadygrownmuchtaller.2、表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，并可能還要延續(xù)。往往和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用，常用的有：for＋一段時間；since+過去時間點或從句。（Since用來說明動作起始時間，for用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度），提問用Howlong.Ithasbeenfiveyearssincehejoinedthearmy.TheyhavelearnedEnglishfornineyears.3、現(xiàn)在完成時需注意的問題：1）表示短暫性的動詞（瞬間動詞）不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用注意：非延續(xù)性動詞（瞬間動詞）的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。（錯）Ihavereceivedhisletterforamonth.（對）Ihaven'treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.2）不能和明確的過去時間狀語連用，如：yesterday,lastweek,in1998,twodaysago等。3）have/hasbeento和have/hasgoneto的區(qū)別：hsbeentohave/hasgoneto4）比較一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，強調動作，不和現(xiàn)在發(fā)生聯(lián)系，常與具體的過去時間狀語連用，如yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow等，；現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果，強調的是現(xiàn)在的情況，不能與表過去的時間狀語連用。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（強調看的動作發(fā)生過了）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（強調對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內容已經(jīng)知道了）Whydidyougetupsoearly?（強調起床的動作已發(fā)生過了）HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears.（強調他是團員）練習：1.Youhave_____atallyoungman.A.grownB.grownintoC.grewD.grownup2.Hehas____thewatchforayear.A.buyB.boughtC.haveD.had3.I_____thisbookfortwoweeks,Ihavetoreturnitnow.A.borrowedB.haveborrowedC.keptD.havekept4.Haveyou_____totheGreatWall?It'sverybeautiful.A.goneB.beenC.wentD.go5.Herbrother_____thePartysince1978.A.joinedB.hasjoinedC.hasbeeninD.wasin6.TheGreens___manyplacesofinterestsincetheycametoChina.3)有些動詞表動作，它們一般不宜用于進行時態(tài)中。這類動詞常見的有：be,believe,consist,find,forget,hate,have,hope,hear,know,like,love,notice,prefer,remember,see,seem,smell,suggest,taste,understand,want,wish,sitdown,standup等等。Be動詞若是用于進行時態(tài)，可表示暫時、短暫的情況或表現(xiàn)。例如：Tomisbeingagoodboytoday.湯姆今天很乖。Heisbeingchildish.他這樣做是耍孩子氣。Youarenotbeingmodest.你這樣說不太謙虛。4）關于現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語問題A.凡是"完成時態(tài)"道也不管動作發(fā)生的具體時間,所以在使用現(xiàn)在完成時的句子里，不可以帶有表示具體過去時間的狀語，如：yesterday,lastweek(month,year,etc.),twoweeksago,in1999等；但常和有些副詞連用，如：just,before,already,often,never,ever,not…yet,always等等。B.在以when提問的能用現(xiàn)在完成時。另外，ago不能用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句子里，因為它表示從現(xiàn)在算起的以前某個時間，屬于表示具體過去時間的狀語。但是可以用before來表示"以前"的意義，因為它只表示"以前"，而不知什么時候的以前。C.如果是的動詞用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句子，不可以和以for表示的"一段時間"的狀語連用。在這種情況下，應該用"Ithasbeen…；since…"的句式來表達。如：Hehasjoinedthearmyforfiveyears.（錯誤）Ithasbeenfiveyearssincehejoinedthearmy.（正確）

特殊用法（現(xiàn)在完成時用法之常用詞語）在下列5種情形下用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)1十一詞語①alrea定句中或句尾例:Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.=Ihavefoundmypenalready.②yet已經(jīng) 否定句和疑問句句尾 例：Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.Haveyouboughtacomputeryet?③ever曾經(jīng) 句中 例：Haveyoueverseenpandas?④never從不 句中 例：IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.⑤just剛剛 句中 例：Ihavejustdonemywork.⑥before以前句尾 例：Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.⑦sofar到目前為止 例：Sofarhehaslearnt200words.⑧howlong多久 例：Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?⑨howmanytimes多少次 例：HowmanytimeshashebeentoBeijing?=10\*GB3⑩inthepast…years(在過去…年中)：InthepasttwoyearsI’veseenhimlittle.過去兩年我很少見到他。Ihavebeenhere(for)thelastmonth.最近一個月里我都在這兒。【注】在一定的上下文里，若是以過去時間為起點，也可用過去完成時。11uptonow(到現(xiàn)在為止)：Ihaveheardnothingfromhimuptonow.到現(xiàn)在為止我還沒有聽到他一點音信。12It’sthefirsttimethat…(第一次…)：It’sthefirsttimeI’vecomehere.這是我第一次來這兒。2兩詞組 have<has>goneto去了某地例：HehasgonetoBeijing(去了北京) have<has>beento去過某地例：HehasbeentoBeijing.(去過北京)3兩結構fortwomonthsfor+一段時間 Jimhaslivedherefor2months.sincelastyearsince+過去的點時間LucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3yearsago.since3yearsagosince1990sincehecameheresince+一般過去態(tài)句子HehasbeeninChinasincehecamehere.4如果句子里面沒有時間狀語，漢語意思能夠加“已經(jīng)”，往往用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。 例：Haveyoulostyourlibrarybook?你已經(jīng)弄丟了從圖書館借的那本書嗎？ 5現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)還常常用于下列句型 Theyhaveplmanytreesinthelastfewyears.在過去的幾年，他們已經(jīng)種了很多樹。 ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.這是我曾經(jīng)讀過的最好的一本書。 ItisthefirsttimeIhaveplayedthecomputergames.這是我第一次玩電腦游戲。重難點，必考在現(xiàn)在完成時中，一次性動詞不能和一段時間狀語連用 例：Hehasboughtthebookfor3years.（錯）因buy這個一次性動詞不能和一段時間for3years連用,改正的辦法有五種：第五種改法必考 ①Hehasboughtthebook.. (去掉一段時間for3years) ②Heboughtthebook3yearsago (改為一般過去時，使句子的意思不變) ③It’s3yeaceheboughtthebook.=3yearshaspassedsinceheboughtthebook. （改為固定句型Itis---since---） ④Hehasnotboughtthebookfor3years. （改為否定句） ⑤Hehashadthebookfor3years. （用延續(xù)性動詞have代替一次性動詞buy）還有其他一次性動詞也是這種情況，可參照前面的五種辦法改正，前四種改法都一樣，第五種改法各不相同，舉例如下：①come/arrive/getto/reach改為behere 例：Ihavecomfor3years.（錯） 改為：Ihavebeenherefor3years.②leave/go改為beaway 例：Hehasleftfor3hours.（錯） 改為：Hehasbeenawayfor3hours.③begin/start改為beon 例：Thefilbegunfor3minutes.（錯） 改為：Thefilmhasbeenonfor3minutes.④open改為beopen /close改為beclosed 例：Theasopenedfor3years.(錯) 改為：Theshophasbeenopenfor3years.⑤die改為bedead 例：Hisfathdiedfor3years.(錯) 改為：Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor3years.⑥finish/end改為beover 例：Hehashedtheworkfor3days.(錯) 改為：Theworkhasbeenoverfor3days⑦join 例：Ihavejoinedthearmyfor3years.（錯） 改為：Ihaveinthearmyfor3years.或Ihavebeenasoldierfor3years.⑧buy/catch改為 have 例：Ihaveboughbikefor3years.（錯） 改為：Ihavehadthebikefor3years. 例：Heughtacoldfor3days.（錯） 改為：Hehashadacoldfor3days.⑨borrow改為keep 例：Ihaveborrowbookfor3years.（錯） 改為：Ihavekeptthebookfor3years.其它補充如下：brebroken\getup改為beup\marry改為bemarried\become改為be\lose改為belost延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞①延續(xù)性動詞：表示的動作是能延續(xù)的動作，這種動作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久的影響。如：learn\work\\lie\know\walk\keep\have\wait\watch\sing\read\sleep\live②終止性動詞：也叫非瞬間動詞，一次性動詞，短暫性動詞。表示的動作不能延續(xù)，即動作發(fā)生后立即結束，產(chǎn)生某種結果。在有了某種結果后，動作就不能再繼續(xù)下去。如：leavet\setout\arrive\reach\getto\begin\stop\shut\turnoff\marry\put\puton\getup\wake\fall\join\meet\receive\finish\end\complete\become\come\go\die\open\close\break\give\jump\buy\borrow一次性動詞不能和一段時間狀語連用。 Hehasdiedforthreedays.（錯，終止性動詞die不能和一段時間forthreedays連用）

練習題一、單項選擇

his

p

look

sad.Maybethey

__what's

happened

to

him.Ａ.

knew

Ｂ.

haveknown

Ｃ.

mustknow

Ｄ.willknow2、He

______been

to

Shanghai,has

he?Ａ.

already

Ｂ.never

Ｃ.ever

Ｄ.still3、Have

you

r

Li______？Ａ.

just

Ｂ.

ago

Ｃ.before

Ｄ.

amomentago4、Thefamouswriter_____onenewbookinthepasttwoyearＡ.is

writing

Ｂ.was

writing

Ｃ.wrote

Ｄ.has

written5、-Ourc

______alotsofar.-Yes.Ihopeitwillbeeven______.Ａ.has

changed;well

Ｂ.

changed;goodＣ.has

changed;betterＤ.

changed;better6、ZhaoLan______already

______inthisschoolfortwoyears.Ａ.was;studying

Ｂ.will;studyＣ.has;studied

Ｄ.are;studying7、We______Xiao

Li

since

she

was

a

little

girl.Ａ.know

Ｂ.

had

known

Ｃ.have

known

Ｄ.

knew8、HarryPisaverynicefilm.I_______ittwice.Ａ.

will

see

Ｂ.

have

seen

Ｃ.

saw

Ｄ.see9、-These

s

have

been

to

the

United

States.

-Really?When_____

there?Ａ.will

go

Ｂ.

did

they

goＣ.

do

they

go

Ｄ.

have

they

gone10、-______you___your

homework

yet?-Yes.I_____

it

a

moment

ago.A.HaveidB.DiddonedodonedidD.Dodoesdone二、句型轉換1Thisfactoryopenedtwentyyearsago.(同義句轉換)Thisfactory

________fortwentyyears.2MissGaolhourago.

(同義句轉換)MissGao_______________________________anhourago.3HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同義句）Her

mother_______the

Party

three

years

________.4TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.(同義句轉換)_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.5Thebusrivedhere.Itarrivedtenminutesago.(把兩個句子合并成一個句子)

三、漢譯英1她還沒有看過那部新電影。2她去過上海。