2022屆全國(guó)卷地區(qū)高考英語(yǔ)模擬試卷含答案缺聽(tīng)力 (七)

絕密★啟用前

2022屆全國(guó)卷地區(qū)高考英語(yǔ)模擬試卷7

學(xué)校:姓名：班級(jí)：考號(hào)：

第I卷（選擇題）

請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊修改第I卷的文字說(shuō)明

評(píng)卷人得分

------------------一、閱讀理解（共15題，每題2分，共30分）

Asimplesigncansaveyouanddriversmanythousandsofdollars.Make

driversawareofparkingrisksinunsafeorinsecureareas.Use〃ParkAtYour

OwnRisk"signstopreventaccidents,explaindamage,andreduceyourliability

(責(zé)任).

Description:

Offerawarningforspacesonyourlotandprotectyourselffromliability.

Thisclearreminderisahelpfulmessageinanyparkingarea.

?Availableintwosizes:7”義10〃or10”X14〃

?Madeofthreekindsofmaterials:pressure-sensitivevinyl,plasticor

aluminum

Price:

Startaslowas$9.50each.

7〃X10〃Pressure-sensitivevinyl

7“X10"Plastic(Add$1.50)

7〃X10〃Aluminum(Add$7.20)

Size&

10〃X14〃Pressure-sensitivevinyl(Add

Construction

$2.00)

10〃X14"Plastic(Add$7.30)

10"X14"Aluminum(Add$12.30)

Benefits:

?Promotingsafetywithsignswhichareinagreementwithrulessetby

theOccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration(OSIIA).

?Makingitclearthatyourpolicypromotessafetyfirst.

?Settingthetone(風(fēng)格)foracleanandaccident-freeworking

environment.

?Communicatingtheimportanceofavoidingaccidents.

?Beingcommittedtoimprovingconditionsforworkers.

1.WhatdoDescriptionandPricetellusaboutthesign?

A.Itcomesinsixdifferentforms.B.Plasticsignsarethecheapest.

C.ItisareminderofdrivingD.Pricesvaryfrom$9.50to

dangers.$12.30.

2.Inwhichwaycanthesignbebeneficial?

A.Avoidingaccidentalmoneydamage.

B.Ensuringasafeworkingenvironment.

C.PromotingpeopleJsawarenessofsafety.

D.Providingwaysofavoidingaccidents.

3.Whattypeofwritingisthepassage?

A.Awarning.B.Anadvertisement.

C.Aregulation.D.Anotice.

TodayweknowAntarcticaasanextremeenvironmentcontainingiceandsnow.

Butnewresearchprovidesevidencethattheareahadarainforestinthepast.

TheresearcherscollectedapieceofEarthsediment（沉淀物）fromunderthe

seaflooroffthecoastofAntarctica.Inthesediment,theydiscoveredforest

materialthatwasestimatedtobeabout90millionyearsold.Thiswouldhave

beenintheCretaceousPeriod,whendinosaurswerethemainlandanimals.The

sedimentwasremovedbyscientistsontheresearchicebreakerRVPolarsternin

theAmundsenSeanearPineIslandGlacier.

JohannKlagesisageologistwiththeAlfredWegenerInstitute,Helmholtz

CenterforPolarandMarineResearchinGermany.Hewastheleadwriterofa

studyonthefindings,publishedinthejournalNature.Hesaidthesediment

wascollectedfromadepthofabout30metersbelowtheoceanfloor.Klages

saidanexaminationshowedthatthematerialdidn,tformintheocean.

Theresearchersestimatethatthearea—about900kilometersfromthe

SouthPole一hadaverageyearlytemperaturesofabout12to13degreesCelsius.

Duringthewarmestsummermonths,averagetemperatureslikelyreachedbetween

20and25degreesCelsius.Thesoilincludedfinedirtparticles（顆粒）andhard

clay,aswellassubstanceslinkedtoatleast65differentkindsofplants,

thestudyfound,Klagesaddedthattheplantsincludedtrees,fernsand

floweringplants,Whilenoanimalremainswerefound,Klagessaidtherewere

likelydinosaurs,flyingreptiles（爬彳亍動(dòng)物）andmanyinsectsintheenvironment.

TheresearchrepresentsnewevidenceofthemajorclimatechangesEarthhas

experiencedinthepast—andiscurrentlyundergoingtoday.Thesoilinthe

sedimentdatesbacktotheplanet,swarmestperiodofthepast140million

years,withsealevelabout170metershigherthantoday.Theresearcherssaid

thattherainforestenvironmentinAntarcticawasespeciallysurprisingbecause

eachyear,theareaexperiencesafour-monthpolarnightwhenthereisno

sunlighttofuelplantlife.Klagessaidnoicesheetswerepresentduringthe

time,butseasonalsnowfallwaslikely.

4.Howdidtheresearcherscometotheirfindings?

A.Bycollectingdataonclimate.B.Byresearchingspecialplants.

C.ByexploringiceinAntarctica.D.ByanalyzingtheEarthsediment.

5.Whatdidtheresearcherssayaboutthesediment?

A.Itsmaterialdevelopedintheocean.

B.Itsmaterialformedontheland.

C.ItdatesbacktocoldtimesinAntarctica.

D.Itcontaineddifferentanimalremains.

6.Whatdoestheauthorindicateinthelastparagraph?

A.Therewereicesheets140millionyearsago.

B.Seasonalsnowfallmadetheforestdisappear.

C.Antarctica,snaturalenvironmenthaschangedgreatly.

D.PolarnightsinAntarcticaaregettingshorterthanbefore.

7.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Antarcticaisgettingratherwarmerlikebefore.

B.VariouswildlifeonceexistedinAntarctica.

C.Antarcticahadquiteadifferenthistoryofclimate.

D.ResearchersstudythesecretsofAntarctica.

Facialrecognitioncameintoplaylastmonthwhenasuspectarrestedin

Annapolis,Maryland,couldnotimmediatelybeidentifiedusingfingerprints.

〃Wewouldhavebeenmuchlongerinidentifyinghimandbeingabletopush

forwardtheinvestigationhaditnotbeenforthatsystem,saidpolicechief

TimothyAltomare.

Facialrecognitionisplayinganincreasingroleinlawenforcement（執(zhí)行）

andotherpurposesintheUSandaroundtheworld.Whilemostobserversagree

thatfacialrecognitionhasitsownadvantages,thetechnologycausesfearsof

a〃BigBrother"surveillance（監(jiān)視）state.

Agrowingfearisthatlawenforcementwillusefacialrecognitionin

“realtime"throughpilotlessaircraft,bodycamerasanddashcams."Thereal

concernispoliceidentifyingalmosteveryAmericanatwillandwithout

permissionwithbodycameras,saidMatthewFeeney,anexpertattheCato

Institute."Thistechnologyisofcourseimprovingbutit'snotasaccurateas

youthink.〃

Somesayfacialrecognitionshouldnotbeusedbylawenforcementbecause

ofthepossibilitiesoferrorsandmisuse."ThoughIhaveapersonalconnection

tothetechnology,bothculturallyandsocially,Ithinkfacialrecognition-

poweredgovernmentsurveillanceisaslipperyslope（危險(xiǎn)的境地）tolosing

controlofouridentitiesaltogether,saidBrianBrackeen,CEOofthefacial

recognitionsoftwaredeveloperKairos.

AGeorgetownstudyfoundfacialrecognitionwas5to10percentless

accurateonAfricanAmericansthanwhitepeople.Microsoftannouncedithad

madesignificantimprovementsinfacialrecognitionacrossskincolors.While

moreaccuratefacialrecognitionisgenerallywelcomed,somegroupssay

specificpolicysafeguardsshouldbeinplace.

JenniferLynch,alawyerwiththeElectronicFrontierFoundation,saidthe

possibleeffectsofpolicesurveillancearesignificant."Aninaccuratesystem

willinvolvepeopleincrimestheydidnotcommit.Anddefendantswillhaveto

showthattheyarenotwhothesystemsaystheyare.Thereareuniquerisksof

misuseofthisdata,becausewecan'tchangeourfaces.〃

8.WhatroledoesfacialrecognitionplayaccordingtoTimothyAltomare?

A.Amonitor.B.Ahelper.C.Aprotector.D.Asearcher.

9.WhatisMatthewFeeney'srealconcernaboutfacialrecognition?

A.ItcanbemisusedinAmerica.B.Ithasn'tbeenfullydeveloped.

C.IthasverylimitedD.Itmayviolatepeople,s

possibilities.privacy.

10.WhyisBrianBrackeenagainstusingfacialrecognitionforlawenforcement?

A.Itisoflittleculturalimportance.

B.Itdoesn,thaveawideuse.

C.Itwillputthewholenationatrisk.

D.Itisagainstgovernmentsurveillance.

11.WhatcanbelearnedfromJenniferLynch'swords?

A.ShehasnoconfidenceinMicrosoft'sefforts.

B.Facialrecognitionisanall-purposetechnology.

C.Thesystemmaymistakeinnocentsforcriminals.

D.Criminalsknowhowtogetawayfromthesystem.

Dujiangyanistheoldestman-madewatersystemintheworld,andawonder

inthedevelopmentofChinesescience.Builtover2,200yearsagoinwhatis

nowSichuanProvinceinSouthwestChina,thisamazingengineeringachievement

isstillusedtodaytoirrigateover6,000squarekilometresoffarmland,take

awayfloodwaterandprovidewaterfor50citiesintheprovince.

Inancienttimes,theregioninwhichDujiangyannowstandssufferedfrom

regularfloodscausedbyoverflowfromtheMinjiangRiver.Tohelpthevictims

oftheflooding,LiBing,theregion,sgovernor,togetherwithhisson,

decidedtofindasolution.Theystudiedtheproblemanddiscoveredthatthe

rivermostoftenoverflowedwhenwintersnowatthetopofthenearbyMount

Yuleibegantomeltastheweatherwarmed.

Thesimplestfixwastobuildadam,butthiswouldhaveruinedthe

MinjiangRiver.Soinstead,Lidesignedaseriesofchannelsbuiltatdifferent

levelsalongMountYuleithatwouldtakeawaythefloodwaterwhileleavingthe

riverflowingnaturally.Betterstill,theextrawatercouldbedirectedtothe

dryChengduPlain,makingitsuitableforfarming.

CuttingthechannelsthroughthehardrockofMountYuleiwasaremarkable

accomplishmentasitwasdonelongbeforetheinventionofgunpowderand

explosives.LiBingfoundanothersolution.Heusedacombinationoffireand

watertoheatandcooltherocksuntiltheycrackedandcouldberemoved.After

eightyearsofwork,the20-metre-widecanalswerecarvedthroughthemountain.

Oncethesystemwasfinished,nomorefloodsoccurredandthepeoplewereable

tolivepeacefullyandaffluently.Today,Dujiangyanisadmiredbyscientists

fromaroundtheworldbecauseofonefeature—unlikemoderndamswherethe

waterisblockedwithahugewall,Dujiangyanstillletswaterflowthroughthe

MinjiangRivernaturally,enablingecosystemsandfishpopulationstoexistin

harmony.

12.WhatarethebenefitsofDujiangyanaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

A.Reducingfloodingandwateringfarmland.

B.Protectingthemountainandreducingflooding.

C.Wateringfarmlandandimprovingwaterquality.

D.Dryingtheriverandsupplyingcitieswithwater.

13.WhatwasthemaincauseoftheMinjiangRiver'sflooding?

C.LowriverD.Steep

A.Heavyrain.B.Meltingsnow.

banks.mountains.

14.HowwasLiBingabletobreaktherocksofMountYulei?

A.Byusinggunpowder.

B.Byfloodingtherockswithwater.

C.Byapplyingaheatingandcoolingtechnique.

D.Bybreakingtherockswithhammersandspades.

15.WhyisDujiangyangreatlyadmiredbyscientiststoday?

A.Itpreservesmuchofthenaturalriverlife.

B.Ittookverylittletimetocompletetheproject.

C.Thebuildingtechniquesusedwereverymodern.

D.Ithasraisedthelivingstandardofthelocalpeople.

評(píng)卷人得分

------------------二、七選五（共5題，每題2分，共10分）

Bringingapetintoafamilywithsmallchildrenaroundisnotadecision

totakelightly.Manyparentsareconcernedaboutthehealthandsafetyofthe

kidswithpetsaround.16

Kidswithpetslikedogsgooutsidemoreoftenfordailywalks,exercise

andhavemoreplaytimewiththem.17Otherstudiesfoundsimilarresults

withdisabledchildrenandthatpetscanhelpthemtodealwiththe

condition.

Kidsgrowingupwithpetscanbetaughtresponsibility.Expertsexplained

inanarticlehowadoptingapetintoafamilywithkidscanteachyounghumans

responsibility.18Feedingandcaringforapetencourageschildrento

learnthevalueofresponsibility.

19Astudyshowedreductionofstressandanxietyinkidsofsome

familieswithpets.Afollow-upstudywithabiggersample（樣本）sizeofkids

inregularhouseholdsconfirmedthepreviousconclusion.

Kidswhogetpetsoftenreadtotheirpets.20Theyalsofoundthat

readingtopetshelpschildrenmakepositiveassociationsaroundreadingout

loud.Improvingreadingmotivationimprovesreadingperformance.Thismaybe

especiallyimportantforstudentswhostruggletoreadbecausepoorreading

abilitiesarealsoassociatedwithlowreadingmotivation.

Parentsshouldpracticesafetytipsforraisingkidsandpetstogether.

Thispartnershipcanresultinchildrengrowingupmuchhealthierbothmentally

andphysically.

A.Petsrequirefood,waterandlove.

B.Childrenjustlikereadingloudtopets.

C.Researchersfoundtheirreadingimprovesclearly.

D.Studiesshowedthatkidswithpetsaremorerelaxed.

E.However,therearemanybenefitsforkidsgrowingupwiththem.

F.Parentsshouldlearnthefollowingwaystoraisekidsandpetstogether.

G.Astudyshowedthatchildrenwithpetsaroundaremorelikelytomove

more.

評(píng)卷人得分

三、完形填空（共20題，每題1.5分，共30分）

BrianTagalogwasbornwithoutarms.Butthatdidn,t21himfrom

leadinganormallife.The22youngmanbelievesheistheonlycertified

tattoo(文身)artistwithoutarmsintheworld.

A23ofHonolulu,TagalogmovedwithhisfamilytoTucson.Hehadalways

shownaninterestindrawing,andsethismindonbecominga24tattoo

artist.Notmanypeoplegavehimachance,buthe25improvedhisfoot

drawingskillsandoperatedthetattoogunwithhis26.

Brian,smotheradmitsthat27himwasnoteasy,butshealwaysmadeit

a(n)28tolethimexplorehisoptions,"ThedayIgavebirthtohim,well,

Iwasshocked,butweneverhidhim.Ididn't29himinanyway."And

perhapsthatyswhatgavehimthe30toachievehisdreams,31thevery

obviousabsenceoftwolimbs.wasbornwithoutarms,“hesaid."Butthathas

not32medowntopursuemydream.，z

Atfirst,findingashopthatwould33himprovedaverydifficultthing.

He34manytattooshopsandgotnocallsback.Hedidn'tgiveup;35,

Brianfinallyrunshisownshop.Brianusesa(n)36techniquetotattoo-

hedrawsthedesignonclients'skinwithonefoot,37usingtheotherto

stretchtheskin.Andeventuallyhistattoosalwaysturnouttogethisclients,

Brianhopeshissuccesswill39otherstofollowtheirdreamsbravely.Words

andphotosjustdon,tdoBrianTagalogjustice.Youneedtoseehim40to

witnesshowheworksonlywithhisfeet.

2LA.promoteB.preserveC.protectD.prevent

22?A.wiseB.ambitiousC.promisingD.handsome

23?A.visitorB.foreignerC.strangerD.native

24?A.professionalB.normalC.temporaryD.conservative

25.A.steadilyB.occasionallyC.effectivelyD.frequently

26.A.fingersB.toesC.mouthD.jaw

27?A.comfortingB.educatingC.raisingD.accompanying

28?A.failureB.pointC.adventureD.destination

2%A.defendB.blameC.abandonD.shelter

A.confidenceB.determinationC.freedomD.enthusiasm

31?A.apartfromB.inC.regardlessofD.despite

32?A.turnedB.calmedC.slowedD.tracked

33.A.hireB.supportC.serveD.fund

34,A.adaptedtoB.appealedtoC.attachedtoD.appliedto

35.A.otherwiseB.insteadC.stillD.however

36.A.uniqueB.funnyC.powerfulD.attractive

37.A.beforeB.ifC.whileD.unless

38.A.instructionB.admirationC.doubtD.complaint

39.A.inspireB.urgeC.requestD.advise

40.A.inresponseB.inadvanceC.inactionD.inturn

第n卷（非選擇題）

請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊修改第II卷的文字說(shuō)明

評(píng)卷人得分

四、語(yǔ)法填空（共10題，每題1.5分，共15分）

^Everythinghappensforthebest,“mymothersaid411faceddisappointment.

“42youcancarryon,onedaysomethinggoodwillhappen.〃

Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Idecidedtotryforajobinaradio

station43workmywayuptoasportsannouncer.IwenttoChicago,knocked

onthedoorofeverystation,44gotturneddowneverytime.

Inonestudio,akindladyadvisedmetogotothecountrysideandfinda

smallstation,45bigstationscouldn'triskhiringaninexperienced

person.Ireturnedtomyhometown,46wasturneddownevenwhenIapplied

forajobinasportsdepartmentofastore.Itwasn,tlong47Idecided

totrymyluckagaininanothercity.InDavenport,Iowa,theprogramdirector

ofacompanygotmebesideamicrophoneandaskedmetobroadcastanimaginary

game.

48Ibegantoworkinthecompany,Vvealwaysthoughtofmymother?s

words:"Keepontrying49somedayyousucceed.Somethingwouldn'thave

happenedifnotforthatpreviousfailure.，z50jobIlaterhavedone,I

alwaysthinkaboutwhatmymotheroncetaughtme,whichactsasmyguidelinein

life.

評(píng)卷人得分

------------------五、短文改錯(cuò)（共I題，每題10分，共10分）

51.Somenoteswillrememberyouhowtopresentyourideaswhenyouaregiving

aspeech.

評(píng)卷人得分

------------------六、書(shū)面表達(dá)（共1題，每題25分，共25分）

52.

假定你是李華，你和幾位朋友決定周末去參觀當(dāng)?shù)夭┪镳^舉辦的中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)攝影展,

請(qǐng)給你的交換生朋友Cathy寫(xiě)封電子郵件,邀請(qǐng)她參加。內(nèi)容包括：

1.時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)；

2.展覽內(nèi)容；

3.注意事項(xiàng)。

注意：

1.寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式作答。

DearCathy,

Yours,

LiHua

參考答案

1.A

【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Price部分的表格可知，這種告示牌有六種規(guī)格（兩個(gè)尺寸，每

個(gè)尺寸三種材料）。

2.C

【解析】考查推理判斷。根據(jù)Benefits部分的內(nèi)容可知，該告示牌旨在提高人們的安全意

識(shí)，能夠提醒人們注意避免意外事件。第一段中的“Makedriversawareofparkingrisks

inunsafeorinsecureareas”也是提示。故選C。

3.B

【解析】考查文體特征。根據(jù)文中所給的告示牌的尺寸、材質(zhì)以及價(jià)格等內(nèi)容可知，本文是

一則商品廣告。故選B。

【備注】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了〃停車(chē)自擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)〃告示牌的價(jià)格、規(guī)格、好處等。

4.D

【解析】考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)第一段中的“Butnewresearchprovides

evidencethattheareahadarainforestinthepast”和第二段中的“The

researcherscollectedapieceofEarthsediment（沉淀物）fromundertheseafloor

offthecoastofAntarctica.Inthesediment,theydiscoveredforestmaterial

thatwasestimatedtobeabout90millionyearsold”可知，研究人員從南極洲海岸的

海床下收集到沉淀物,經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)該沉淀物的分析和研究得出結(jié)論。故答案為Do

5.B

【解析】考查推理判斷的能力。根據(jù)第二段可知,該沉淀物中含有森林物質(zhì)；再根據(jù)第三段

中的〃Klagessaidanexaminationshowedthatthematerialdidn,tforminthe

ocean”可知，該物質(zhì)不是在海洋中形成的。再結(jié)合第四段中的〃Thesoilincludedfine

dirtparticles（顆粒）...floweringplants〃可知，沉淀物是在南極洲的陸地上形成的。

故答案為Bo

6.C

【解析】考查推理判斷的能力。根據(jù)最后一段中的'Thesoilinthesedimentdates

backtotheplanet*swarmestperiodofthepast140millionyears...noice

sheetswerepresentduringthetime,butseasonalsnowfallwaslikely〃可推知，南

極洲的自然環(huán)境發(fā)生了很大的變化。故答案為C。

7.C

【解析】考查理解主旨要義的能力。第一段是文章的主題段，介紹新的研究證明南極洲過(guò)去

曾被雨林覆蓋,其余段落均圍繞該主題展開(kāi)，由此可知,本文主要講述的是南極洲曾經(jīng)的氣候

跟現(xiàn)在的有很大不同。故答案為C。

【備注】

【語(yǔ)篇類(lèi)型】說(shuō)明文

【主題語(yǔ)境】人與自然一一自然環(huán)境

【文章大意】今天我們都知道南極洲被冰雪覆蓋，氣候非常惡劣。但是新研究證實(shí)該地區(qū)在

過(guò)去有很大不同。

8.B

【解析】考查推理判斷的能力。根據(jù)第一段中的〃Wewouldhavebeenmuchlongerin

identifyinghimandbeingabletopushforwardtheinvestigationhaditnot

beenforthatsystem”可知,TimothyAltomare認(rèn)為，如果不是人臉識(shí)別系統(tǒng)，他們可能會(huì)

花更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間來(lái)確認(rèn)他的身份并推進(jìn)調(diào)查。由此可知,他認(rèn)為人臉識(shí)別技術(shù)能幫助破案,是個(gè)〃

幫手〃，故選B。

9.D

【解析】考查推理判斷的能力。根據(jù)第三段中的“Therealconcernispolice

identifyingalmosteveryAmericanatwillandwithoutpermissionwithbody

cameras〃可知,真正的問(wèn)題是,有了隨身攝像頭,警察可以在沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)允許的情況下隨意識(shí)別

幾乎每個(gè)美國(guó)人的身份，由此可知,MatthewFeeney擔(dān)心人臉識(shí)別技術(shù)會(huì)侵犯人們的隱私，

故選Do

10.C

【解析】考查推理判斷的能力。根據(jù)第四段中的thinkfacialrecognition-powered

governmentsurveillanceisaslipperyslope（危險(xiǎn)的境地）tolosingcontrolof

ouridentitiesaltogether”可知，BrianBrackeen認(rèn)為，以人臉識(shí)別技術(shù)為主導(dǎo)的政府監(jiān)

控會(huì)讓我們徹底失去對(duì)身份的控制。由此可知,BrianBrackeen之所以反對(duì)在執(zhí)法中運(yùn)用

人臉識(shí)別技術(shù)是因?yàn)樗赡苁拐麄€(gè)民族陷入危機(jī),故選Co

11.C

【解析】考查理解具體信息的能力。根據(jù)最后一段中的〃Aninaccuratesystemwill

involvepeopleincrimestheydidnotcommit.Anddefendantswillhavetoshow

thattheyarenotwhothesystemsaystheyare〃可知，人臉識(shí)別的不準(zhǔn)確會(huì)導(dǎo)致無(wú)辜

的人被牽涉到案件中，由此可知,人臉識(shí)別系統(tǒng)可能會(huì)將無(wú)辜人員誤認(rèn)為罪犯,故選Co

【備注】

文章探討了人臉識(shí)別技術(shù)在執(zhí)法過(guò)程中的應(yīng)用及其潛在危害。

12.A

【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段的第二句"Builtover2,200yearsagoinwhatis

nowSichuanProvinceinSouthwestChina,thisamazingengineeringachievement

isstillusedtodaytoirrigateover6,000squarekilometresoffarmland,take

awayfloodwaterandprovidewaterfor50citiesintheprovince〃可知，都江堰灌溉

著6000多平方千米的農(nóng)田，泄洪的同時(shí)還為四川省50個(gè)城市供水。故A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)分析】B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在〃Protectingthemountain〃，第一段并未提及此功能;C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在

improvingwaterquality",第一段并未提及此功能;D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在“Dryingtheriver〃，與第

一段內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)。

13.B

【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段的第三句〃Th6ystudiedtheproblemand

discoveredthattherivermostoftenoverflowedwhenwintersnowatthetopof

thenearbyMountYuleibegantomeltastheweatherwarmed”可知，岷江泛濫的原因

是天氣轉(zhuǎn)暖時(shí)附近山頂?shù)姆e雪融化,故B項(xiàng)正確。

14.C

【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段的第三句"Heusedacombinationoffireand

watertoheatandcooltherocksuntiltheycrackedandcouldberemoved”可知，

李冰綜合使用火加熱和水冷卻的技術(shù)開(kāi)鑿巖石,故C項(xiàng)正確。

15.A

【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段的最后一句"Today,Dujiangyanisadmiredby

scientistsfromaroundtheworldbecauseofonefeature—unlikemoderndams

wherethewaterisblockedwithahugewall,Dujiangyanstillletswaterflow

throughtheMinjiangRivernaturally,enablingecosystemsandfishpopulations

toexistinharmony”可知,都江堰工程至今仍然受到全世界科學(xué)家稱(chēng)贊的原因是該工程使

用了疏導(dǎo)法,讓洪水從岷江自然流出，保證了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和魚(yú)群的和諧共存，故A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)分析】根據(jù)第四段的最后一句"Aftereightyearsofwork,the20-metre-wide

canalswerecarvedthroughthemountain”可知，都江堰工程花費(fèi)了八年時(shí)間，故B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)

誤;C項(xiàng)與文章第四段中的"asitwasdonelongbeforetheinventionofgunpowder

andexplosives”的表達(dá)不符;D項(xiàng)文章中沒(méi)有提到。

【備注】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文,主要介紹了都江堰這一水利工程。

【段意梳理】

第一段:都江堰的建造時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、歷史地位和作用。

第二段:都江堰的建造原因和設(shè)計(jì)者。

第三段:都江堰的設(shè)計(jì)原理和技術(shù)特點(diǎn)。

第四段:李冰父子綜合使用了水和火從堅(jiān)硬的巖石中開(kāi)鑿水渠。

第五段:都江堰使用的疏導(dǎo)洪水法受到了全世界科學(xué)家的稱(chēng)贊。

【難句分析】Builtover2,200yearsagoinwhatisnowSichuanProvincein

SouthwestChina,thisamazingengineeringachievementisstillusedtodayto

irrigateover6,000squarekilometresoffarmland,takeawayfloodwaterand

providewaterfor50citiesintheprovince.

分析：該句為主從復(fù)合句，whatisnowSichuanProvinceinSouthwestChina為what引

導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)。

譯文:這個(gè)令人驚嘆的工程位于現(xiàn)今中國(guó)西南部的四川省,建造于2200多年前，現(xiàn)在仍然灌

溉著6000多平方千米的農(nóng)田，發(fā)揮著泄洪和為該省50個(gè)城市供水的作用。

【背景知識(shí)】都江堰是世界文化遺產(chǎn)（在2000年被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列入“世界文化遺產(chǎn)”

名錄）、全國(guó)重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位。都江堰位于四川省成都市都江堰市城西，坐落在成都平原

西部的岷江上,是蜀郡太守李冰和他兒子組織修建的大型水利工程。兩千多年來(lái)都江堰一直

發(fā)揮著防洪灌溉的作用，使成都平原成為水旱從人、沃野千里的"天府之國(guó)”,是全世界迄今

為止年代最久、以無(wú)壩引水為特征的宏偉水利工程，凝聚著中國(guó)古代勞動(dòng)人民的勤勞、勇敢

和智慧。

16.E

【解析】空前一句提到很多父母擔(dān)心有寵物的情況下,孩子的健康和安全問(wèn)題,E項(xiàng)與上文

形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，引出下文談到的家里飼養(yǎng)寵物可以給兒童帶來(lái)好處。

17.G

【解析】空前一句提到養(yǎng)狗這樣的寵物的孩子更經(jīng)常出去散步、鍛煉、和寵物一起玩耍,G

項(xiàng)中的“childrenwithpetsaroundaremorelikelytomovemore”與此一致，同時(shí)G項(xiàng)

中的"Astudy”與下文中的"Otherstudies”對(duì)應(yīng)。

18.A

【解析】空前提到專(zhuān)家在一篇文章中解釋了家里養(yǎng)寵物是如何教孩子責(zé)任感的，空后談到給

寵物喂食和照料寵物鼓勵(lì)孩子學(xué)習(xí)責(zé)任感的價(jià)值,故選A項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)中的“food,

water""love"和空后的"Feeding""caringfor”分別對(duì)應(yīng)。

19.D

【解析】根據(jù)空后兩句提到的研究可知,有寵物陪伴的孩子更放松，緊張和焦慮的情況減少。

D項(xiàng)中的“Studies”和空后提到的研究呼應(yīng)。空后的"reductionofstressandanxiety”

和D項(xiàng)中的“morerelaxed〃相對(duì)應(yīng)。

20.C

【解析】根據(jù)空前的〃Kidswhogetpetsoftenreadtotheirpets”和空后的〃They

alsofoundthatreadingtopetshelpschildrenmakepositiveassociations

aroundreadingoutloud.Improvingreadingmotivationimprovesreading

performance〃可推知,C項(xiàng)〃研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)這些孩子的閱讀能力明顯提高了〃符合語(yǔ)境?？蘸?/p>

的"They”指代C項(xiàng)中的"Researchers”。

【備注】

文章講的是兒童成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中有寵物陪伴的諸多好處。

21.D

【解析】但是那沒(méi)有阻止他過(guò)正常的生活。preventsb.fromdoingsth.〃阻止某人做某

事〃。

22.B

【解析】這個(gè)有抱負(fù)的年輕人相信他是這個(gè)世界上唯一一個(gè)有資格證的無(wú)臂文身藝術(shù)家。

wise〃睿智的〃;ambitious〃有雄心的，有抱負(fù)的"；promising”有前途的〃；handsome"英俊的

23.D

【解析】根據(jù)后文的"movedwithhisfamilytoTucson〃可知，此處指Tagalog是一個(gè)火

奴魯魯?shù)漠?dāng)?shù)厝?。foreigner〃外國(guó)人〃；stranger〃陌生人〃；native”當(dāng)?shù)厝耍镜厝恕ā?/p>

24.A

【解析】他總是表現(xiàn)出在繪畫(huà)方面的興趣,并且下決心成為一名專(zhuān)業(yè)的文身藝術(shù)家。

professional”專(zhuān)業(yè)的，職業(yè)的”;normal"正常的"；temporary”暫時(shí)的〃;conservative”保守

的〃。

25.A

【解析】沒(méi)有多少人給他機(jī)會(huì)，但是他不斷地提升自己的腳部繪畫(huà)技巧并且用自己的腳趾操

作文