專題03 代詞（知識(shí)梳理考點(diǎn)實(shí)戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練）(原卷版) 2024年高中英語學(xué)業(yè)水平考試必備考點(diǎn)歸納與測試（新教材專用）

專題03代詞熟練掌握代詞的句法功能和分類;掌握代詞的指代、主格、賓格和反身代詞用法;掌握?？嫉暮写~的固定短語意思;掌握i作形式主語和賓語的用法;強(qiáng)調(diào)句it的用法。代詞分為九類：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞、關(guān)系代詞、不定代詞。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的作用。人稱代詞主要有主格和賓格之別。請(qǐng)看下表：數(shù)、格人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyour第三人稱hehimtheythemsheheritit物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種。請(qǐng)看下表意義類別我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他們的形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshishersoursyourstheirs3.反身代詞可見下表人稱數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimself/herself/itself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves指示代詞有：this,that,these,those疑問代詞有：who,whomwhose,what,which,還有疑問副詞：when,how,where,why。不定代詞主要有：some,any,many,much,each,neither,other,another,all,both,one,none,either…1.物主代詞的用法形容詞性物主代詞：作定語，相當(dāng)形容詞，不能單獨(dú)使用，后面必須加名詞；名詞性物主代詞：不作定語，相當(dāng)名詞詞組，可單獨(dú)使用，后面不須加名詞。如：Hereismysister.HernameisJenny.（形容詞性物主代詞）Isthatcoffeeyoursorhers?(名詞性物主代詞)2.反身代詞的用法teachoneself自學(xué)speak/saytooneself自言自語byoneself獨(dú)自地helponeselfto隨便吃……enjoyoneself玩得開心makeyourselfathome請(qǐng)自便3.指示代詞的用法:主要有四個(gè)，即this,that,these和those1）指示代詞分單數(shù)（this/that）和復(fù)數(shù)（these/those）兩種形式，既可作限定詞又可做代詞，例如：單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)限定詞：ThisgirlisMary.Thosemenaremyteachers.代詞：ThisisMary.Thosearemyteachers.?1,為避免重復(fù)，可用that和those代替前面提到的名詞。如：Theplaygroundofthisschoolisbiggerthanthatofthatschool.(that=theplayground)Myseatisnexttothatofthemayor.我的座位在市長座位旁邊?2.用來回指上文提到的事情時(shí)，可用this或that，但是若要指下文敘述的事情，通常要用this.如：——Sheisabeautifulgirl.——Whosaidthat?Iwanttoknowthis:Isshebeautiful??3.在打時(shí)，通常用this指自己，用that指對(duì)方：Hello.ThisisJim.IsthatJohn?喂，我是吉姆，你是約翰嗎?4.疑問代詞的用法疑問代詞：who,whom,whose,which,what等用于引出特殊疑問句。注意：1.what與which的用法區(qū)別：當(dāng)選擇的范圍較明確時(shí)，用which；當(dāng)選擇的范圍不明確時(shí)，用what。如：Whichcolordoyoulike,red,blackorwhite?紅色、黑色和白色，你喜歡哪種？Whatcolorisyourcar?你的汽車是什么顏色的？5.不定代詞的用法1）定義：不定代詞是不指明代替任何特定名詞或形容詞的代詞。2）種類英語中不定代詞有：some（something，somebody，someone，somewhere），any（anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere），no（nothing，nobody，noone），every（everything，everybody，everyone，everywhere），all，each，both，much，many，(a)little，(a)few，other(s)，another，none，one，either，neither等。?1.some和any的比較不定代詞some，any都是“一些”的意思，都可和可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞連用。some一般用于肯定句中；any則用于否定句、疑問句或條件從句中.?注意：在表示請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)或征求意見的句子中，通常要用some而不用any。如：Willyoulendmesomemoney?可以借些錢給我嗎?一、人稱代詞1.人稱代詞作主語用主格，作賓語、表語用賓格，但應(yīng)注意以下四種情況：①作主語的人稱代詞如果孤立地使用于無謂語動(dòng)詞的句子中，或在這種句子中與動(dòng)詞不定式連用，常用賓格?！猄usan，goandjoinyoursistercleaningtheyard.—Whyme？Johnissittingtheredoingnothing.②句子中代詞作賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，與所替代的名詞在人稱、數(shù)、格以及意義上一般要保持前后一致。Thethiefwasthoughttobehe.(thethief是主格，故用he替代)Theytookmetobeher.他們誤以為我是她。(me是賓格，故用her替代)③作表語的人稱代詞一般用賓格，但在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分代詞的格不變。Imetherinthehospital.→ItwasherwhoImetinthehospital.④在比較級(jí)的句子中than、as后用主格、賓格都可以。如：Heistallerthanme(I).但在下列句中有區(qū)別：IlikeJackasmuchasher.＝IlikebothJackandher.IlikeJackasmuchasshe.＝IlikeJackandshelikeshim，too.2.兩個(gè)以上的人稱代詞并列，其次序排列原則：在并列主語中，＂I＂總是放在最后，排列順序?yàn)椋憾?人稱)。賓格me也一樣。You，sheandIwillbeinchargeofthecase.Mr.ZhangaskedLiHuaandmetohelphim.二、物主代詞1.注意名詞性和形容詞性物主代詞各自的語法功能。2.one’sown...＝...ofone’sown句式的轉(zhuǎn)換。3.某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中常用定冠詞代替物主代詞。takesb.bythearm，bewoundedintheleg三、反身代詞1.反身代詞的語法功能：賓語、表語、主語或賓語的同位語。2.反身代詞和某些動(dòng)詞連用，構(gòu)成固定短語。devoteoneselfto致力于dressoneself自己穿衣enjoyoneself過得快活feeloneself覺得正常3.反身代詞還可用于某些成語中。foroneself為自己；獨(dú)立地ofoneself自然地；自動(dòng)地byoneself獨(dú)自地inoneself本身四、相互代詞(eachother，oneanother)相互代詞無人稱、數(shù)和格的區(qū)別，在句中作賓語。其所有格分別為eachother’s，oneanother’s，作定語。一般來說，eachother指兩者之間，oneanother指三者或三者以上之間，但現(xiàn)在區(qū)分已不明顯。五、指示代詞(this，that，these，those，such，same)指示代詞具有形容詞和代詞兩種詞性，在句子中可以作定語、主語、賓語或表語等。1.指示代詞this(these)和that(those)的區(qū)別。①this(these)一般指時(shí)間或空間上較近的人或物；that(those)常指時(shí)間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。Thisismydeskandthatisyours.Inthosedaystheycouldnotgotoschool.②this常指后面要講到的事物，有啟下的作用；that則指前面講到過的事物，有承上的作用。Iwanttotellyouthis：theEnglishpartywillbeheldonSaturdayafternoon.Hehurthislegyesterday.That’swhyhedidn’te.③為了避免重復(fù)，常用that或those代替前面已提過的名詞。TheweatherofBeijingiscolderthanthatofNanjing.Theearsofarabbitarelongerthanthoseofafox.④this在用語中用于作自我介紹，that用于詢問對(duì)方；this和that可以當(dāng)副詞用，意思相當(dāng)于副詞so。Canhardworkchangeapersonthatmuch?一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．（2022·山西晉中·高二?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）—Mum,whereismyfootball?Haveyouseen_______?—Football?Oh,it’sinmycar.A．one B．them C．it D．a(chǎn)ny2．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）______wasdifficultforthemtotaketimeofftocelebratethefestival.A．It B．That C．This D．What3．（2023春·河北·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Jackwantedtolearntoplaythepianobyafteraliveconcert.A．him B．his C．he D．himself4．（2023春·河北·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Therearesometalltreesonsideofthestreet.Soyouwillfeelcool.A．both B．a(chǎn)ll C．neither D．either5．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）________isreallyeasytogetlostamongthetwistingandturningHutongsnearthePalaceMuseuminBeijing.A．It B．That C．This D．What6．（2022春·甘肅天水·高二天水市第一中學(xué)?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）—Whosecameraisthis?Isit?—No,it’snotmine.It’s.A．you;him B．yours;him C．yours;his D．you;his7．（2022春·甘肅天水·高二天水市第一中學(xué)?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）DadtoldusthepriceherewasmuchlowerthaninLondon.A．it B．that C．this D．one8．（2022春·甘肅天水·高二天水市第一中學(xué)?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）Thegoods________ontheInternetarecheaperthan________webuyinshops.A．beingbought;that B．bought;thoseC．bought;that D．bebought;those9．（2022春·甘肅天水·高二天水市第一中學(xué)?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）________inthelibraryregulationsthatanybookborrowedshouldbereturnedbyduetime,ortheborrowerwillbefined.A．Whatisrequired B．ItisrequiredC．Whatrequires D．Itrequires10．（2022秋·云南·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Manypeoplethink________necessarytolearnEnglish.A．that B．them C．it D．you11．（2021秋·吉林·高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）________isapparentthatwehavemade________.A．It;progress B．It;aprogress C．What;progress D．What;aprogress12．（2021秋·吉林·高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）Thelonelyboyoftenplaysfootballwith________.A．he B．his C．him D．himself13．（2021秋·湖南株洲·高一株洲市南方中學(xué)?？紝W(xué)業(yè)考試）Therearetwotreesinmybackyard.OneisaChinesedatetree.______isalsoaChinesedatetree.A．Theother B．Other C．Another14．（2021秋·吉林·高二學(xué)業(yè)考試）Myunclepromisedtobuyanicegiftformybirthday,________beyondmyimagination.A．which B．that C．something D．theone15．（2021秋·云南·高三學(xué)業(yè)考試）I’dappreciate_______________ifyoucouldgivemeanearlyreply.A．you B．myself C．it D．them16．（2020秋·河北·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）__________issaidthatstresscancauseillness.A．That B．It C．This D．What17．（2020秋·河北·高三統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）TheInternethasmade________possibleforustokeepintouchwiththeworld.A．it B．this C．that D．one二、根據(jù)漢語意思填寫單詞18．（2019春·福建·高三統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Mr.Smithoftentells(他的)sonnottodependonanybodybuthimself.19．（2021秋·云南·高三學(xué)業(yè)考試）Iamalwaystoldtodoeverythingby(我自己).三、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子20．（2023春·廣東佛山·高二統(tǒng)考學(xué)業(yè)考試）Ithoughtstrangethatmyteachercouldnotshowmelove.1．_________isoutofquestionthatChina’seconomywillkeepgrowingfor40years.2．Itisestimated________totalinvestmentinthecountrywillcontinuetoincreasethisyear.3．________seemsobviousthatevolutionshouldselectforlargerbrains.4．Theoldmanhasthreesons,butnoneof________isadoctor.5．Shewasstuckathomewithonlyherputertokeep________(she)pany.6．Awealthybusinessmancameto______(they)rescuewithagenerousdonation.7．Theputersinyourofficearemoreexpensivethan________inourschool8．Youmayrelyon________thattheywillsupportyou.9．Likemostofgirls,shelacksthesenseofdirections,soshealwayslose_________wayinanewcity.10．Hefound_________difficulttoworkouttheproblem.11．Hegotanewhaircutandgot________upinasuit,thenheadedforthehall.

12．Themandistinguished_________(he)byhiswisdom.13．Hehadagooddisguise(偽裝),butassoonashespokehebetrayed________(he).14．Wheninteractingwithothers,peopleshouldput________(they)intheotherperson’sposition,regardingitasacodeofconducttoliveharmoniouslywithothers.15．ThedoctoradvisedVerastronglythatsheshouldtakeaholiday,but__________didn’thelp.16．Insteadofhavingtochooseoneortheother,wecanbenefitfrom________oftheapproaches.17．Peoplesharedtheirfood,ice,andgasoline.Peoplewhostillhadpoweropenedtheirhomesto______whohadnone.18．Thedifferencebetweenamanwhosucceedsand________whodoesnotliesonlyinthewayeachtreatsopportunities.19．_________isverymonforstudentstobephysicallypresentinclass，butmentallyabsentbecausetheyareusingtheirmobiles.20．Thosewhosmokeheavilyshouldremind_______ofhealth,thebadsmellandthefeelingsofotherpeople.21．SheopenedherarmswideandtimidlyIopened_______andwehugged.22．AlthoughRosemaryhadsufferedfromaseriousillnessforyears,shelost_______ofherenthusiasmforlife.23．________ofthethreeboysarewillingtoplaywithme,soIwasalone.24．TheancientEgyptianssawparadiseasanidealizedversionof_______ownlives.25．Readersareencouragedtocontinueexploringthedigitalworldwiththeguidanceof________(we)FurtherResourcessectionfeaturedineachvolume.26．“Didanyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”Awomanonthebusshouted,“Ohdear!It’s________(I).”27．Unfortunately,_________tooktheexplorersandthesettlerswhofollowedonlyafewdecadestodecimatealargepartoftheseresources.28．Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(結(jié)構(gòu)),making_________easiertoproducesuchsounds.29．Butwhyarecertainsoundsmoremonthan_________(other)?30．Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,and_________(another)resourcesusedtogrowit.31．AndrewReynolds,acheerfulfellowin_________(he)early30s,pilotsSydneyferryboatsforaliving.32．Wecan’tseemtomakeup_________(we)mindswhetherwewantamoderncityoratraditional________.33．AsGinniBazlintonreachedAntarctica,shefound_________(her)greetedbyagroupoflittleGentoopenguins(企鵝)longingtosayhello.34．Itesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehad_________(they)sugarlevelscutbymanufacturers(制造商)sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.35．Mymotheroftentellsmetobehave________(I)onformaloccasionsandnotmakeafoolofmyself.36．NomatterwhenIgotoapostofficeandnomatterwherethepostofficeis,Ialwaysfind________(me)standinginalinebehindsomeonewhohasalotofbusinesstodo.37．IwishtothankMr.Smith,andwithout________(he)helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.38．Ifyouwanttogotothepartywithme,youshouldbehave________(yo