雅思小作文-折線圖與趨勢-

雅思A類寫作TASK1第一講折線圖與趨勢折線圖和部分柱狀圖、餅狀圖以及表格通常用來顯示某一段時間內事物的變化情況以及變化趨勢，因此首先我們要先學習如何描述趨勢變化?？傮w來講，趨勢描寫：（1）要總結事物變化的總體趨勢；（2）要敘述事物某個時間段內的變化情況。描寫趨勢六要素要素含義與難點例子事物要素指的是線條所代表的事物，常由名詞、詞組或代詞體現(xiàn)Tourists,food方向要素上升/增加；下降/減少；保持平穩(wěn)；反復波動；到達頂點；到達低谷（最基本的六種）Increase,decrease程度要素急劇地/突然地輕微的/逐漸的（主要有兩類）Slightly,slowly數(shù)據要素難點為數(shù)據前所加介詞的用法to,by,from...to..,between....and...From50milesto200miles時間要素難點為時間前所加介詞的用法：in,on,at,from..to..,during,between..and...InJanuary,at6.00am連接要素句子間運用對比、比較、遞進、增補、時間等連接手段Whereas,whenExample:Thegraphshowsthesalesoflaptopsinacompanyin2010.時間事物方向程度數(shù)據連接BetweenJanuaryandFebruary,salesoflaptopsincreasedslightlyfrom10thousandto2thousand.Incontrast,duringthenextmonthitssalesvolumerosedramaticallyto90,000units.However趨勢描寫常用的詞匯RosetoAriseinSwelledtoAswellinIncreasedtoAnincreaseinWentuptoAgrowthinAscendedtoAnascenttoClimbeduptoAnupwardtrendinSoaredtoAsoarBoomedtoAboominFelltoAfallinReducedtoAreductioninDeclinedtoAdeclineinWentdowntoAslideinDecreasedtoAdecreaseinPlungedtoAdownwardtrendofCollapsedtoAcollapseinSlumpedtoAslumpinStayedconstantatRemainedstableatNochangeinMaintainedthesamelevelatLeveledoutatOnalevelwithPeakedatApeakofFluctuatedaroundAfluctuationaroundStoodatPlateauedatReachedaplateauat劇烈的dramaticallydramaticsubstantiallysubstantialsurprisinglysurprisingnoticeablynoticeablestrikinglyStrikingconsiderablyconsiderableremarkableremarkableobviouslyobviousenormouslyenormoussignificantlysignificant輕微的moderatelymoderategraduallygradualslightlySlightslowlyslowsteadilySteadyminimallysmall最高點ArrivedataclimaxReachedamaximumnumber/amountofHitapeak/peakatSoared/rocketedtoahighestpointof最低點HitahistoriclowTouched/reachedthebottomofHitatroughReachedalowestpointofExercise1:Therewasan_______inthenumberofmachinessoldin2012.Thenumberofmachinessold_________in2012.Thenumberofmachinessold________steadilyin2012.2012sawasteady________inthenumberofmachinessold.Thenumberofmachinessold_______in2012.Therewasanobviously________trendinthenumberofmachinessoldin2012.Thenumberofmachinessoldwas_____________(onthe.....)onthewayup/ontheup/ontheriseExercise2:FollowthepatternofExercise1finish7sentencesdescribingthechartbelow.1.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________引入段的寫法圖表作文第一段要寫的成功需要牢記以下幾點：概括介紹圖表的所有要素：圖表類型、研究對象、數(shù)據形式、地區(qū)和時間等。對原來題目進行改寫或推翻避免抄襲，同近義詞的互相轉化，動詞詞組與句子的替換，定語的靈活轉換。Example：ThetablegivesabreakdownofdifferenttypesoffamilywhowerelivinginpovertyinAustraliain2009.Thechartgivesinformationaboutpost-schoolqualificationsintermsofdifferentlevelsoffurthereducationreachedbymenandwomeninAustraliain2009.ThechartscomparethesourcesofelectricityinAustraliaandFranceintheyears1980and2000.AglanceatthegraphprovidedrevealssomestrikingsimilaritiesbetweenChineseandUSbirthratesduringtheperiod1920-2000.GivenaretwographsconcerningcriminalityinBritain.ThebarchartsdescribethefigureofBritishpeopleparticipatingindifferentlevelsofeducationin1990and2010.Thegraphshowshowtheamountofwaterusedworldwidechangedbetween1900and2000.Thegraphillustratesthechangesintheamountofbeef,lamb,chickenandfishconsumedinaparticularEuropeancountrybetween1979and2012.主體段寫法方向要素詞性轉換Thenumberofthepatientsreducedsteadilyto3casesonthe30thofDecemberThepatients’numberhadasteadyreductionto3casesonthe30thofDecember.程度要素詞匯替換Afteranone-hourremarkablegrowth/growingsignificantlyfrom3pm.,thepassengersinthesubwayrapidlyreachedamaximumamount/swiftlyarrivedataclimax,400peopleat4pm..數(shù)據要素不同表達方式Thesmokingpopulationascendeddramaticallyfrom1970,with2mpeople;andthensoaredatapeakin1980,whichis8mbeforeaslightfluctuation(from4m,7mto5m).連接要素關系詞語運用TherewasaslightincreaseinthenumberofTVaudiencesfromabout3%at6:00am.Toabout7%at8:00am..Sincethen,italmosthadnochangebutremainedstable.After12:00am.,thenumberofTVaudiencesrosesharplyuntil8:00pm.,peakingatalittleover40%.Fromthenon,thenumberfellrapidlyuntilaround6:00am.nextmorning.SampleTaskThegraphshowstheincomeoffourcafesinNewYorkoverlastyear.ThegraphprovidesfiguresoftheincometrendsoffourcafesinNewYorkCityoverthelastyear.Therearetwobasicgeneraltrends:downwardandupward,asregardsthefirst,theearningsforHomeCoffeeweredownovertheyear,fallingsignificantlyfromalmost$160,000earningamonthtojustunder$50,000inDecember.Incontrast,theincomefortheotherthreecafeswentupbyvaryingdegrees.TherewasariseinCafeCool’ssalesoverthefirsttenmonths,followedbyasuddenincreaseto$120,000.Furthermore,theincomeforbothInternetExpressandtheHI!CafeendedtheyearupinDecember.TheformerexperiencedasteadyfalltoMay,butafterthat,incomerosesteadilyendingtheyearatapproximately$130,000.Likewise,thetrendforHi!Cafewasupward.BetweenJanuarytoJuly,earningsdoubledfrom$50,000tonearly$100,000andthenrocketedtoaround190,000.ItisnoticeablethattheincomeforHomeCoffeeislowerinthewintermonthsthanfortheotherthreecafes.Task1:ThegraphbelowshowsthesizeoftheozoneholeoverAntarcticaandtheproductionofthreeozone-damaginggasesfrom1980to2000.Summarizetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.Task2Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.Thegraphbelowshowsthedifferencesinwheatexportsoverthreedifferentareas.Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationshownbelow.Writeatleast150words.Task3Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.Thegraphandtablebelowgiveinformationaboutwateruseworldwideandwaterconsumptionintwodifferentcountries.Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.Task4Task1ThetwolinegraphsfeaturethechangesinthesizeoftheozoneholeovertheAntarcticaregionandtheproductionofthreegaseswhichcausedthedamagetotheozonelayerovertwodecadesfrom1980to2000.In1980,theozoneholewasthesmallest(about400thousandsquarekms),but20yearslater,itwasenlargedby9timesto3.6millionsquarekms.Theonlyperiodwhenadecreaseinitssizecanbenoticedwastheearly1990s(from2to1.2millionsquarekms).Therewereabout70milliontonesofCFE-11producedin1980,whichstabilizedfor2yearsbeforeexperiencingaslightdiptobelow10milliontonsinthelate1990s.TheproductionofCFC-12,however,showedanupwardtrendthroughoutthe20-yearperiodfrom25to50milliontons,outweighingthatofCFC-11in1989.N2Oshowedadifferentpicture.Before1990,noN2Owasproduced,butitsproductionclimbedrapidlytoabout40milliontonsin2000.Inconclusion,overthelasttwodecadesofthe20thcentury,theexpansionoftheozoneholeoverAntarcticawascausedmainlybyCFC-12andN2O.Task2sampleThethreegraphsofwheatexportseachshowaquitedifferentpatternbetween1985and1990.ExportsfromAustraliadeclinedoverthefive-yearperiod,whiletheCanadianmarketfluctuatedconsiderably,andtheEuropeanCommunityshowedanincrease.In1985,Australiaexportedabout15millionsoftonnesofwheatandthefollowingyearthenumberincreasedbyonemilliontonnesto16million.Afterthat,however,therewasagradualdeclineuntil1989and1990whenitstabilisedatabout11milliontonnes.Overthesameperiod,theamountofCanadianexportsvariedgreatly.Itstartedat19milliontonnesin1985,reachedapeakin1988of24million,droppeddramaticallyin1989to14milliontonnesandthenclimbedbackto19millionin1990.SeventeenmilliontonneswereexportedfromtheEuropeanCommunityin1985,butthisdecreasedto14milliontonnesin1986andthenroseto15millionin1987and1988beforeincreasingoncemoreto20millionin1990.Task3sampleThegraphshowshowtheamountofwaterusedworldwidechangedbetween19