高中英語語音教學

英語語音專題2021/5/91TheAlphabet2021/5/92統(tǒng)教給學生48個音標的發(fā)音方法（如舌、牙齒的位置，口形以及口的張開程度等）；然后不斷地給學生總結(jié)字母以及字母組合的發(fā)音規(guī)律，循序漸進，反復(fù)練習，逐步掌握；最后有計劃、有步驟地在已學的單詞復(fù)習中練習語音知識，在即將出現(xiàn)的新詞中檢測和鞏固語音知識，使學生在掌握語音知識的同時對新單詞能自己拼讀，以培養(yǎng)學生的自學能力和學習的積極主動精神。2021/5/93

如手勢法、辨音法、口形定位法、模仿法、演示法、對比法、錄音法以及游戲法等。每種教學方法都有其適用性，教師應(yīng)充分發(fā)揮各種方法的優(yōu)勢并綜合運用各種方法，以調(diào)動學生學習語音的興趣。2021/5/94Pronunciation2021/5/95LakeFakeTakeNameDateGate2021/5/96Brakeslice

HikeBoneCaseHopefulStoveVaseBehaveCave2021/5/97聽寫以上單詞。2021/5/982021/5/99International

Phoneticsymbols（國際音標）2021/5/9101.什么是國際音標？由于英語的拼寫形式和讀音有很大的分歧,所以無法完全根據(jù)字母來讀音。為了精確地學習和掌握語音,就要借助一種注音手段來彌補這一缺陷,于是便產(chǎn)生了一定數(shù)量的精確記錄語音的符號，叫做“音符”(Phoneticsymbols)。我們這里所說的國際音標是專門為英語注音的那一部分標音符號。目前我國通用的國際音標共有48個,其中,元音音標20個，輔音音標28個。2021/5/911Howmanyphoneticsymbolsarethere?2021/5/912元音vowels(20個)元音的分類:英語元音音素共20個，分單元音和雙元音兩大類。

(A)單元音（12個）：a.前元音：/i:/,/i/,/e/,/?/b.后元音：/u:/,/u/,/?:

/,/?

/,/a:]/c.中元音：/?:/,/?/,/

Λ/

2021/5/913(B)雙元音（8個）：

a.

合口雙元音：/ei/,/?i

///ai/,?u/,/au/,

b.集中雙元音：/i?/,/ε?/,/u?/

以上所講的是按發(fā)音時舌的活動范圍來分類的，此外,可以按發(fā)音時的唇形分類：圓唇音/?/,/?:/,/u/,/u:/；扁唇音/i:/,/?:/；以及按長、短音分類：長元音/i:/,/u:/,/?:/,

/?:

/,/a:/，短元音

/i/,/e/,/?/,/u/,/?

/,/?/,/

Λ/

2021/5/914元音音素的發(fā)音方法和位置：前元音(Frontvowels)/i:/,/i/,/e/,/?/

前元音的特點就是前舌在活動,舌尖都抵下齒背,前舌都向硬顎抬起,只是高度不同。發(fā)/i:/音時前舌抬得最高,發(fā)/?/音時前舌最低。發(fā)/i:/音時牙床開得最小,發(fā)/?/音時牙床開得最大。唇的扁平程度和肌肉的緊張程度也不同。帶有“:”的要發(fā)長音,不帶“:”的發(fā)短音。但是/?/雖然不帶“:”,但要比其他短音發(fā)得稍長一些。

2021/5/9151.前元音

[i:]–e,ee,ea,ie,ei,eo…A:Teaorcoffee?B:TeaforLeeandcoffeeforme,please.[i]–i,e,y,ey…Hislittlesisterissittinginthemiddle.[e]–e,ea,ai…Good,better,best.Neverletitrest.Tillgoodisbetter.Andbetterbest.[?]–aCat,cat!Catchthatblackrat!

hesee,read,piece,

ceiling,

peopleis,English,busy,moneyred,then,head,againhat,bag,can,apple2021/5/916Compareit--eat2.live—leave3.fill—feel4.seat—sit5.tree—trip6.bit—bee7.sheep—ship8.deed—did9.live—leave10.feed—fit11.pea—pit12.rid—read13.street—strict14.sleep—slip2021/5/917Comparebet--bat

2.pat—pet3.bag—beg4.sat—set5.neck--lack6.sad—said7.bad—bed8.dad—dead9.lad—led10.fad—fed2021/5/918c.

中元音(Centralvowels)/?:/,/?/，/Λ/

中元音的特點就是舌的中部稍稍隆起（不太容易感覺到）,舌平放口中,不抵下齒背；口腔各部分都很自然,肌肉松弛。發(fā)這兩個中元音的方法及部位類似,區(qū)別在于：發(fā)/?/音時,牙床半開,雙唇中常,只要一張口就可發(fā)出/?/音,它是12個單元音中最弱、最模糊的一個音。2021/5/919[?]–er,a,e,o,ourThefarmer’ssisterisadoctor.[?:]–ir,ur,or,ear,erTheearlybirdcatchesthewormfirst.[Λ]–o,uCometothefrontonthedouble.clever,ruler,panda,open,today,colourgirl,shirt,purple,work,earth,herlove,colour,us,duck中元音2021/5/920Phrases[?:]AdirtyskirthurtabirdLearntoworkworseandworse2021/5/921ReadthewordsagoagainaddresshundredparentlicensewaterAugustbananatodaycolourpoliceman[?]

2021/5/922[

]PhrasesSoonerorlaterAutumnandAugustWorkerandfarmeraboutthepictureoftheteacher2021/5/923b.后元音(Backvowels)/ɑ:/,/?/,/?:/,/u/,/u:/

后元音的特點就是后舌在活動。發(fā)后元音時舌不抵下齒背,而是平放在口中,只是后舌抬起的高度不同。/?

/,/?:/,/u/,/u:/是圓唇音,發(fā)/?

/音時是大圓唇,發(fā)/?:/,/u/,/u:/音時,唇依次縮小,發(fā)/u:/音時就成了小圓唇了。發(fā)/ɑ:/音時牙床開得最大,依次縮小,到發(fā)/u:/音時牙床開得最小。

2021/5/924

[a:]–ar,a…It’sfartothefarmfromthepark.[?

]–o,aThelittlepotissohot.[?:]—or,a,au,arMydaughterwho’sforty-fourisalawyer.[u]–ooLookatthecookbook.It’sreallygood.[u:]–oo,u,ou,oe…Howdoyoudo?Youlookreallycool.shop,sorry,watch,whatmorning,call,autumn,warmfootball,wood,classroom,booksoon,ruler,soup,shoehalf,class,park,hard后元音2021/5/925Compare[Λ][a:]cut--cart2.luck—lark3.duck—dark4.tough—task5.mud—mark6.bus—bath7.far—fun8.shut—shark2021/5/926[a:][Λ]['fa:]['sΛp]['ka:pit]['sΛndi]['pa:ti][bΛs][fa:m][sΛn]['ba:skit][kΛt]2021/5/927Compare[

][

]pot--port2.lot—lord3.not—north4.fox—forks5.shot—short6.wok—walk7.spot—sport8.cock—caught2021/5/928Compare[][?]

walk—workshort—shirtwarm—worddoor---dirtsore---sircause---curd2021/5/929_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

[i:][i][e][?][a:][?:][?][u:]

[u]Λ

[]

[?:][?]單元音

vowels(12個)2021/5/930雙元音2021/5/931[ei]–a,ai,ay,ea,eiRain,raingoaway.LittleJohnnywantstoplay.[ai]–i,yOutofsight,outofmind.[?i]—oy,oiSoybeanoilismychoice.[?u]–o,oa,ow,Goandopenthewindow,Joe,andshowmethephoto.[au]–ou,owIfoundamouseinthehouse.game,rain,play,greatfive,idea,try,goodbyeboy,toy,point,oilold,hello,coat,showabout,round,down,town2021/5/932facesamegameplaywastehatelatehaycomplainfamousReadthewordsIlifequietmindpricenightdieshywhiteliehigh2021/5/933Phrases[ei]hatetobelatesaveherfaceneverwastemetthefirstlady2021/5/934[ai]PhrasestheblueskyinthecountrysidethebitingwindOutofsight,outofmind2021/5/935[ai]

寫法________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1[→2[ai→3

[ai]2021/5/936roadcoatgoatboatloadcoldsmokego

homehopeReadthewordshowaboutshoutcow

loudmousegroundhourcrownmouth2021/5/937Phrases[?u]

GoldCoastmakeatoastbeallbonesthelocallanguage2021/5/938Phrases[au]

goforanoutingbetweenourselvesreadaloudoutofdate2021/5/939[au]________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________寫法

1[→2[au

→3

[au]2021/5/940LearnthephrasestoilandmoilaspoiledboyAnnoyingnoiseliveforenjoyment2021/5/941LearnthephrasestoilandmoilaspoiledboyAnnoyingnoiseliveforenjoyment2021/5/942Readthewords

Boysandgirls,pleasepayattentionto“oy”!boytoyjoy

soyannoyingemploy2021/5/943ReadthewordsNowpleasepayattentionto“oi”!

oilsoilboilcoinpointnoise

2021/5/944[i?]–ear,eer,eaWeareneartheendoftheyear.[??]–ere,air,are,eirWherethereisawill,thereisaway.[u?]–ure,ourIt’ssuretobegoodforthetourists.Poortour!hear,year,deer,reallythere,chair,careful,theirsure,tour,poor,February2021/5/945

[??]寫法________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1[→2[??

→3

[??]2021/5/946Readthewords[i?]eardearheartearfearclearherebeersneerpeer

[è?]pearwearwhere

darecaresharebarerarehairflairfairstairrepair

2021/5/947Readthephrases[i?]

comeheredrinkthebeerveryclearfearnothinghereandthereCheeringwithtears2021/5/948Learnthephrases

shareyourbananawithmonkeyeatalotofpearsararemetalrunbarefootatthetradefair2021/5/949Readthewords[u?]

sureunsure