2024版高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)教材復(fù)習(xí)Unit3SportsandFitness教師用書新人教版必修第一冊

Unit3SportsandFitnessⅠ．詞塊記單詞1．sportsandfitness運動與健康2．gotothesoccergame去看足球賽3．a(chǎn)ne-sportsevent一個電子競技項目4．mastersintheirsports他們體育項目中的佼佼者5．bringhonourandglorytohercountry為她的國家?guī)順s光6．medalsatworldchampionshipsandtheOlympics在世界錦標(biāo)賽和奧運會的獎牌7．theteamcaptain隊長8．pretendtofalldown假裝摔倒9．millionsofyuan數(shù)百萬元10．nevercheatintheexam永遠(yuǎn)不要在考試中作弊11．theaudience觀眾12．lookliketheslimgirlsonTV像電視上的苗條女孩13．tryeverynewdiet嘗試每一種新的飲食14．makeexerciselikejoggingmoreenjoyable讓慢跑這樣的運動更有趣15．spellingerrors拼寫錯誤Ⅱ．語境記單詞1．LiHuaisayoungmanwithgreatdetermination．HedeterminedtogotoTibetaftergraduation．Determinednevertocomebackbeforehecouldmakeabigfortune,helefthomewithoutsayingaword．(determine)2．Intheterriblecrashoftheschoolbus,manychildrenwereinjured,andevensomesufferedsevereinjuriestotheheadandarms．Theinjuredwererushedtothenearesthospital．(injure)3．Davidhasastrongbody．Hehasthestrengthtodohardwork．Wehadbetterstrengthentherelationshipwithhim．(strength)4．Alltheexcitedcompetitorswhoarerelativelycompetitivearecompetingforthehonourofwinningthegoldmedalsinthecompetition．(compete)5．Afterastressfulweekofwork,alltheemployeeswereextremelystressedandtired．Theycomplainedthatfewcouldworkeffectivelyunderstress．(stress)Ⅲ．語境記短語1．Aslongasyouhaveadream,keeptryingandyou'llmakeit(成功)．2．Encouragedbyhisfriends,Jackdidn'tloseheart(喪失信心)andkeptontrying．3．We'llhaveabarbecuetonightandyou'rewelcometocomealong(一起來)．4．Hesufferedaseriousinjurythatforcedhimtogiveup(放棄)hisjob．5．Ateachershouldsetagoodexample(樹立好榜樣)forstudentsbybehavinghimselfwellatanymoment．6．Boys,however,usecomputersforhomeworkandschoolworkonlynowandthen(偶爾)．7．Itdoesn'tmakesense(有道理)tobuythecheapestcomputerjusttosaveafewdollars．8．Ilistenedtotheprogrammeandfoundthey'dcutout(刪掉)alltheinterestingstuff．9．Iwillhelpcleanuptheroadsidelitterwheneverpossible．Ihopemybehaviourwillmakeadifference(起作用)．10．Wedon'thavetokeeptheseoldchairsanymore．Anyway,theyarefallingapart(破裂)．Ⅳ．公式練句型1．他說他成功的原因是勤奮而不是智慧。(ratherthan)Hesaidthatitwasdiligenceratherthanintelligencethatledtohissuccess．2．(2022·全國甲卷寫作)通過共同努力，我們可以保護和恢復(fù)我們寶貴的海洋。(bydoing...)Byworkingtogether,wecanprotectandrestoreourpreciousoceans．3．即使蘇珊很惱火，她的聲音仍然很平靜。(evenif引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句)Susan'svoicestillremainedcalmevenifshewasgettingannoyed．4．今年來訪的游客似乎少了。(seemtodo)Thereseemtobefewertouristsaroundthisyear．5．為了讓她受良好的教育，她的父母做了很多犧牲。(sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句)Herparentshadmadesacrificessothatshecouldhaveagoodeducation．1．honourn．榮譽；尊敬；榮幸vt．尊重；以……為榮[素養(yǎng)佳句](2021·全國乙卷寫作)It'sagreathonourformetostandhereandaddressmyspeechtitled“Besmartonlinelearners”．我很榮幸能站在這里發(fā)表我的題為“做聰明的在線學(xué)習(xí)者”的演講。(1)inhonourof...為了紀(jì)念……It'sone'shonourtodosth．某人很榮幸做某事。(2)honouredadj．受尊敬的；感到榮幸的——單句語法填空①WecelebrateTeachers'Dayeveryyearinhonourofteachers．②Ifeelhonoured(honour)tobeinvitedtogiveyoualectureonhowtoimproveEnglishreadingability．——一句多譯我很高興收到你的來信。我很榮幸能和你分享在我們學(xué)校體育鍛煉的情況。③Iamveryhappytohearfromyou．Asforthephysicalexerciseinourschool,Ihavethehonourtoshareitwithyou．(honourn．)④Iamveryhappytohearfromyou．Asforthephysicalexerciseinourschool,it'smyhonourtoshareitwithyou．(honourn．)⑤Iamveryhappytohearfromyou．Asforthephysicalexerciseinourschool,Ifeelhonouredtoshareitwithyou．(honoured)2．injurevt．使受傷；損害[素養(yǎng)佳句]LastSaturday,Iwentfishingwithmyfellows,onlytohavemyleftfootinjured．上星期六，我和我的同伴去釣魚，結(jié)果我的左腳受傷了。(1)injuredadj．受傷的；有傷的theinjured傷員(2)injuryn．傷害；損傷dosb．a(chǎn)ninjury/doaninjurytosb．傷害某人——單句語法填空①(2019·天津卷)Awarinjury(injure)hasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison．②Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjured(injure)andthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain．③Theinjuredweresent(send)tohospitalshortlyaftertheaccident．——句式升級Myleftfootwasseriouslyinjured,soIcan'tgowithyouasplanned．④Withmyleftfootseriouslyinjured,Ican'tgowithyouasplanned．(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))3．determinationn．決心；決定[素養(yǎng)佳句]It'sthatkindofcourageanddeterminationthatmakeshimsucharemarkablecharacter．正是那種勇氣和決心使他成為這樣卓越的人。(1)determinev．(使)下決心，(使)做出決定；決定；測定；確定；查明determinetodosth．決定做某事(動作)determinethat...決心/決定……determineon/upon(doing)sth．決定(做)某事(2)determinedadj．有決心的；堅決的；堅定的——單句語法填空①(2021·浙江卷1月)Unfortunatelyweforgottoweighthembeforetakingouttheirinsides,butIwasdeterminedtoprove(prove)mypoint．②(2019·天津卷)Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowrite(write)abook．③(2021·浙江卷6月)Hebuiltahugelysuccessfulcareerwithlittlemorethanplainoldhardworkanddetermination(determine)．④Shewasabraveanddetermined(determine)girlwithrichimagination．⑤Determining(determine)whereweareinrelationtooursurroundingsremainsanessentialskillforoursurvival．——句式升級Iamdeterminedtoperformwellinthefinalexam,soI'moccupiedinpreparingforit．⑥D(zhuǎn)eterminedtoperformwellinthefinalexam,I'moccupiedinpreparingforit．(過去分詞短語作狀語)4．strengthn．力量；體力；長處，優(yōu)勢[素養(yǎng)佳句]PractisingChinesekungfucannotonlybuildupone'sstrength,butalsodevelopone'scharacter．練中國功夫不但能增強體質(zhì)，還能培養(yǎng)一個人的品性。(1)buildupone'sstrength增強體質(zhì)strengthsandweaknesses優(yōu)點和缺點(2)strongadj．堅強的；強壯的(3)strengthenv．加強；增強；鞏固——單句語法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewithstrength(strong)andflexibility?②Oneideaisthatsleephelpsusstrengthen(strong)newmemories．③Asagoodteacher,youshouldknowyourstudents'strengths(strength)andweaknesses．——完成句子④Tobuildupourstrength,weoftenholdallkindsofactivities,suchasplayingbasketballandtabletennis,intheschoolgymnasium．為了強身健體，我們經(jīng)常在學(xué)校的體育館組織各種各樣的活動，例如：打籃球、乒乓球等。⑤Byparticipatinginsuchactivities,weimproveourskillsandstrengthenoursenseofcooperation．通過參加這樣的活動，我們提高了我們的技能，加強了我們的合作意識。5．competevi．競爭；對抗[素養(yǎng)佳句]Lifeislikealongracewherewecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves．生活就像長跑，我們與別人競爭來超越自己。(1)competein參加……比賽competewith/against...與……競爭(2)competitionn．比賽(3)competitiveadj．有競爭力的；競爭的(4)competitorn．競爭者；對手——單句語法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Withaworkoutpartner,youwillincreaseyourtrainingeffortasthereisasubtle(微妙)competition(compete)．②Wecan'tcompetewith/againstthemonprice．③(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Museumsmustcompeteforpeople'ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements．④IwanttoprovethatIcanbejustasgoodas,ifnotbetterthan,mycompetitors(compete)．——完成句子⑤Weweresointerestedinthecompetitionthatweformedagrouptotakepartinit．我們對比賽如此感興趣，以至于我們組成了一個小組參加比賽。6．pretendvi．&vt．假裝；裝扮[素養(yǎng)佳句]Don'tpretendtoknowwhatyoudon'tknow．不要不懂裝懂。pretendeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(tobe＋adj./n.假裝……,todosth.假裝做某事,tobedoingsth.假裝正在做某事,tohavedonesth.假裝做了某事,that...假裝……))——單句語法填空①(2019·天津卷)SoIcarriedaroundabook,andeachnight,justtobelikeher,Iwouldpretendtobereading(read)．②Hewouldaskwhowewereandpretendnottoknow(know)us．③Jimpretendedtohavesolved(solve)thedifficultproblemandleftthecompany．④Ihadbeenlyingtomyself,pretending(pretend)thateverythingwasfine．——同義句轉(zhuǎn)換Tompretendedthathehadn'theardaboutthenews,butinfactheknewitverywelllastweek．⑤Tompretendednottohaveheardaboutthenews,butinfactheknewitverywelllastweek．7．stressn．壓力；緊張；重音vt．強調(diào)；重讀；使焦慮不安vi．焦慮不安[素養(yǎng)佳句](2022·新高考Ⅰ卷寫作)Thistalkshowaimstohelpstudentsreleasestressthroughrelaxingtalks．這個談話節(jié)目旨在幫助學(xué)生通過輕松的談話來釋放壓力。(1)lay/put/placestressonsth．把重點放在某事上；強調(diào)某事understress在壓力之下underthestressof為……所迫(2)stresstheimportanceof...強調(diào)……的重要性(3)stressedadj．焦慮不安的；感到有壓力的(4)stressfuladj．產(chǎn)生壓力的；壓力重的；緊張的——單句語法填空①(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Butthesport'sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport．②Ifyoufeelstressed(stress)byresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentifythoseofgreaterandlessimportance．③Itisalsoavirtuetoforgiveandforget,especiallyinsuchacompetitiveandstressful(stress)society．④Whenunderstress,evenamostgentlepersoncanbebad-temperedandgetangryeasily．——一句多譯老師經(jīng)常強調(diào)勤奮在通往成功之路上的重要性。⑤Teachersoftenstresstheimportanceofdiligenceintheapproachtosuccess．(stressv．)⑥Teachersoftenlay/put/placestressondiligenceintheapproachtosuccess．(stressn．)8．giveup放棄；投降[素養(yǎng)佳句]Losinggamestaughthimtopractiseharderandnevergiveup．輸?shù)舯荣惤虝怂优Φ鼐毩?xí)，永不放棄。givein屈服；投降；讓步；上交giveout分配；分發(fā)；用光；筋疲力盡；發(fā)出(聲音、信號等)giveoff放出；發(fā)出(光、熱、氣味等)giveaway泄露；贈送——用give的相關(guān)短語填空①Itriedtopersuadehimtogiveupsmoking,butfailed．②Thechildrenwererequiredtogiveintheirexampapersimmediately．③Bicyclesareenvironmentallyfriendlybecausetheywon'tgiveoffwastegas．④Aftertwodays,ourfoodgaveout,andwehadtoreturntothecamp．——完成句子⑤Thatweekend,wewenttoanearbyneighbourhoodandgavethemawaytothepeoplethere．那個周末，我們?nèi)チ烁浇囊粋€社區(qū)并把它們捐贈給那里的人們。9．makesense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚[素養(yǎng)佳句]Itdoesn'tmakesensetobuythatexpensivecoatwhenthesecheaperonesarejustasgood．這些便宜的大衣也很好，何必非買那件貴的不可。makesenseof了解……的意義；懂得makenosense沒道理；沒意義inasense在某種意義上commonsense常識innosense決不(用在句首時，句子用部分倒裝)Thereisnosenseindoingsth．(口語)做某事是沒有道理的?！獑尉湔Z法填空①(2021·浙江卷1月)Ihearhimmakingsenseoffriendshipanditslimits．②Thereisnosenseincomplaining(complain)．Weshouldtakeactionnow．③Innosenseshouldyouloseheart;keeptryingandyouwillmakeitsoonerorlater．——詞匯升級TherearesomanynewwordsinthepassagethatIcanhardlyunderstandthematall．④TherearesomanynewwordsinthepassagethatIcanhardlymakesenseofthematall．10．makeadifference有作用或影響[素養(yǎng)佳句]Onlywhenwematchourwordswithactionscanwemakeadifferenceinwhateverwehopetoaccomplish．只有我們言行一致，才能對我們希望完成的事情有所突破。(1)makeadifferenceto對……有作用/有影響makesome/no/littledifference(to...)(對……)有/沒有/很少有作用或影響(2)tellthedifference(between...and...)辨別/區(qū)分(……與……)——單句語法填空①(2022·北京卷)Hispresentationnotonlyawedandinspiredme,butalsohelpedemergeaninnerdesiretomakeadifferenceintheworld．②Thetwinsaresoalike;it'sdifficulttotellthedifferencebetweenthem．——詞匯升級Iwillhelpcleanuptheroadsidelitterwheneverpossible．Ihopemybehaviourswillwork．③Iwillhelpcleanuptheroadsidelitterwheneverpossible．Ihopemybehaviourswillmakeadifference．11．compare...with/to...與……比較[素養(yǎng)佳句]IregularlycomparewhatIthinkwithwhatothershavethought．我經(jīng)常把自己的想法和別人的想法作比較。(1)comparevt．比較；匹敵；比喻n．比較compare...to...把……比作……comparedto/with...和……相比(通常作狀語)beyond/withoutcompare無與倫比(2)comparisonn．比較；對照；比喻incomparisonwith與……相比——單句語法填空①(2021·全國乙卷改編)Ageisnaturallyafactor(因素)—only58percentofGenerationYsstilluselandlinesnowandthen,comparedto/with84percentofBabyBoomerswho'veperhapshadthesamehomenumberfor50years．②(2023·浙江卷1月)Compared(compare)tootheralternatives,it'scomfortableandrelaxing．③Comparing(compare)Chinesecultureswithoverseasculturesisachallengingjob,butyouwilllearnalotfromit．——一句多譯比較不同品牌的質(zhì)量，你就知道該怎么做出選擇。④Comparethequalityofdifferentbrandsandyouwillknowhowtomakeachoice．(祈使句)⑤Comparingthequalityofdifferentbrands,youwillknowhowtomakeachoice．(動詞-ing形式短語作狀語)12．ratherthan連接兩個并列成分[素養(yǎng)佳句](2022·全國乙卷寫作)Therefore,studentsshouldsparemoretimeforEnglishreadingratherthanwatchingmoviesorlisteningtomusictoomuch．因此，學(xué)生應(yīng)該抽出更多的時間來閱讀英語，而不是看太多電影或聽太多音樂。(1)ratherthan意為“與其；不愿；而不是”，連接兩個并列成分，可連接名詞、代詞、介詞（短語）、動詞-ing形式及不定式。(3)orrather更確切地說,otherthan除……之外,morethan很，非常，超過，不僅僅——單句語法填空①YouratherthanIare(be)tomakeaspeechatthemeeting．②Mostmenprefertospendtheweekendsathomeratherthango(go)shopping．③Veryquickly,shelearnedtoappreciateliferatherthantojudge(judge)everythingsoharshly．——一句多譯如果我不得不放棄其中一個，我會關(guān)掉電視而不是關(guān)掉我的手機。④IfIhadtogiveuponeofthem,IwouldprefertoturnofftheTVratherthanswitchoffmycellphone．(prefer)⑤IfIhadtogiveuponeofthem,IwouldratherturnofftheTVthanswitchoffmycellphone．(wouldrather)⑥IfIhadtogiveuponeofthem,IwouldturnofftheTVratherthanswitchoffmycellphone．(ratherthan)ratherthan連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語及其附屬成分時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與ratherthan前面的名詞或代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。13．Sb．/Sth．seems/seemed＋不定式[素養(yǎng)佳句](2022·新高考Ⅰ卷寫作)Thegentlebreezeandsingingbirdsseemtocheerforhim．柔和的微風(fēng)和歌唱的鳥兒似乎在為他歡呼?！癝b．/Sth．seems/seemed＋不定式”是固定句型，表示“某人/某物看來……/好像……”，該句型可轉(zhuǎn)化為Itseems/seemedthat...。含seem的相關(guān)句型，常用的還有：Itseems＋adj．/n．＋todosth．看起來好像……Itseemsasif/asthough...看起來好像……Thereseem(s)(tobe)...看起來像……——單句語法填空①Theredoesn'tseemtobe(be)muchhopeofourbeatingthatteam．②Iseemtohaveleft(leave)mybookathome．③Itseemsdifficulttolearn(learn)somanynewwordsbyheartinashorttime．——同義句轉(zhuǎn)換Heseemstobefitforthepresentjob．④Itseemsthatheisfitforthepresentjob．選詞填空positive;cheat;evenif;workout;loseheart;comealong;makeit;nowandthen;cutout;fallapart;setagoodexample;failure1．Whentherightopportunitycomesalong,takeit．2．Theflightleavesintwentyminutes—we'llnevermakeit．3．WiththeQingDynastyfallingapart,itwasreplacedbyanewsystem．4．Shetookgoodcareofthepublicpropertyandsetagoodexampletoallofus．5．Nowandthen,littleJaneclimbedthehilltoseethetreethatshehadplantedwithherfather．6．Twosuitscanbecutoutofthispieceofmaterial．7．Ifyoucheatintheexam,youcouldhardlygetawaywithit．8．Pleasedon'tloseheart;youstillhavechances．9．Westudentsaswellasourteachersworkoutintheschoolgymnasiumeverymorning．10．Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen,evenifhe'sinhisnineties．11．Ifyoustaypositive,youwillhaveashotatasilverlining．12．Hebrokedownashethoughtofhisfailuretosellallhisnewspapers．Ⅰ．語境猜詞義1．(2022·浙江卷1月)Atotalof40womenmetthecriteriaforahighfitnesslevelwithacapacityof120wattsorhigher...n．健康2．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)ThatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered,andit'sashameIdon'thavemuchuseforit．vt．掌握3．(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Turntoapageinyourjournaltoyourlistofstrengthsandachievements．Seehowawesomeyouare？n．優(yōu)點，長處4．(2019·浙江卷6月)TheybecamethehottestthingonthepopmusicsceneinEngland．Theybeganasamodestlysuccessfulmusiciangroupandendedtheyearasshowbusinesslegends．n．傳說Ⅱ．一詞多義1．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Staffmembersholdplentyofbareventsforguests,likefreeshots,barcrawlsandkaraoke．CA．n．大事B．n．比賽項目C．n．公開活動2．(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Butthesport'sstrangeformdoesplaceconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuchinjuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport．AA．n．壓力B．n．緊張C．n．重音Ⅲ．完成句子1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷寫作)EvenifDaviddidn'tgetagoodplace,hewasstillhappy．即使大衛(wèi)沒有得到一個好名次，他仍然很高興。2．(2022·浙江卷6月寫作)Italsomademerealisethatoursmallactofkindnesscanmakethemfeelwarmandmakeagreatdifferencetothem．這也讓我意識到，我們小小的善舉可以讓他們感到溫暖，對他們產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。3．(2021·浙江卷1月寫作)I'mhonouredtobeheretoextendawarmwelcometoyouonbehalfofourschool．我很榮幸能在這里代表我們學(xué)校向你們表示熱烈的歡迎。4．(2020·全國Ⅰ卷寫作)MrLiuoftenstressestheimportanceoflearningEnglishwell,whichhasagreatimpactonme．劉老師經(jīng)常強調(diào)學(xué)好英語的重要性，這對我有很大的影響。5．(2021·全國乙卷寫作)WhenIamfacedwithdifficultiesinlearning,Iwon'tpretendtohaveknownit,butturntomyclassmatesorteachers．當(dāng)我在學(xué)習(xí)中遇到難題時，我會向我的同班同學(xué)或老師求助，而不是不懂裝懂。6．(2020·全國Ⅰ卷寫作)WhenIfailedtheexamlastmonthandwasinlowspirits,shetoldmenottoloseheartnomatterwhathappened．當(dāng)我上個月考試不及格，情緒低落時，她告訴我不管發(fā)生什么事都不要灰心。Ⅰ．單詞拼寫1．Itisessentialthatyourdiet(日常飲食)isvariedandbalanced．2．Hishardworkfinallypaidoffwhenhewonagoldmedal(獎?wù)?attheOlympicGames．3．Iwasfortunateinbeingelectedcaptain(隊長)ofthatteam．4．Whentheteacherfoundhercheating(作弊)inthetest,Emilyfeltcompletelyataloss．5．Somepeoplefinditdifficulttomaster(掌握)ChineseandWesterneatinghabits．6．Thegirlreplacedherbrotherasavolunteertoservethesportsevents(比賽項目)．7．Nowadaysanycountrycantakepartiftheirathletes(運動員)aregoodenough．8．Attheendoftheparty,wethankedourhost(主人)andwentbackhome．9．Theworldchampion(冠軍)finishedmorethantwosecondsaheadofhisnearestrival．10．Hisbookreachedanevenwideraudience(觀眾)whenitwasfilmedfortelevision．Ⅱ．單句語法填空1．Asweallknow,takingregularexerciseisofgreatbenefittoourphysicalfitness(fit)．2．Tomakemembersoftheteamperformbetter,thetrainerfirstofallhastoknowtheirstrengths(strong)andweaknesses．3．Wecarefullycomparedthefirstreportwith/tothesecondone．4．Firefightersruntheriskofgettinginjured(injure)inaburningbuildingtosavepeople．5．Asweallknow,failure(fail)isthemotherofsuccess,soweshouldn'tbeafraidofmakingmistakes．6．Whenmymothercameback,Ipretendedtohavefallen(fall)asleep．7．Determined(determine)tobeaheadofothersinstudies,heworksharddayandnight．8．Thetrappedminersdidn'thaveenoughwaterandfoodtomakeitthroughtheweek．9．Inordertobemorecharmingandslimmer(slim),girlstendtogoonadiet．10．Severalcompanieshaveannouncedtheirintentiontocompetefortheproject．Ⅲ．補全句子1．事實上每個人都有似乎諸事不順的一段時期，因此你沒有必要太擔(dān)心。(主語＋seem＋不定式)Thetruthisthateveryonewillhaveoneofthoseperiodswhenthingsseemtobegoingwrong,soyoudon'thavetoworrysomuch．2．我們學(xué)校有兩個操場和一個大體育場，即使下雨我們也有機會做各種運動。(evenif)Therearetwoplaygroundsandabigstadiuminourschool,whichofferusanopportunitytodoavarietyofsportsevenifit'sraining．3．我們可以和來自其他學(xué)校的學(xué)生在世界青少年機器人技能競賽中競爭。(compete)WecancompetewithstudentsfromotherschoolsintheWorldAdolescentRoboticsCompetition．4．當(dāng)他看見老師向他走來時，他打開了書，假裝在看。(pretend)Whenhesawtheteachercomingtowardshim,heopenedthebook,pretendingtobereadingit．5．我們將在教室里開會，而不是在大廳里。(ratherthan)Wewillhaveameetingintheclassroomratherthaninthehall．課時質(zhì)量評價(四)必修第一冊UNIT3主題語境：體育活動、大型體育賽事、體育與健康、體育精神Ⅰ．閱讀理解A(2022·湛江模擬)Tobogganing,orsledding(雪橇),likelycomesbeforethecolonisationofNorthAmerica．RecordsshowthatCanada'sFirstPeoplesusedsmallsledstotransporttheirbelongingsandfoodbetweencamps,RaymondFlowerwritesinTheHistoryofSkiingandOtherWinterSports．Butmodern-daysledracescantracetheiroriginsbacktotheSwissAlpsinthelate1800swhenBritishtouristsdecidedtoraceinwoodenluges(asledusedbyoneperson)thatlocalshadusedtotravelthroughsnow．TheoriginisdebatableinsnowynorthernNewYork,however,wherethere'sevidencethatAlbanyheldbobsled(asledusedbytwoormorepeople)racesasearlyas1885．Wherevertheybegan,sledracesquicklybecamepopular．ThefamousCrestaRun,namedaftertheSwisstownnearthebaseofitscourse,wasbuiltin1885usingsnowbanks．Thefirstorganisedcompetitionwasin1898,hostedbythefirstbobsledclubinnearbySt．Moritz(acityinSwitzerland)．Itwasthenthatsleddingbegantoseparatefromthelugetoincludetwonewsports:bobsledding,andskeletonsledding(俯式冰橇)．CrestaRunisconsideredthebirthplaceoftheskeleton,aparticularlydaringformofsledding．Unliketheluge,wherecompetitorsridefeet-firstonasledwithmetalrunners,theskeletonsleddingisasteelsledwithaslimappearance．Ridersliedownonthesledheadfirst,thendropsuddenlydownanicetrack．Bobsledding,meanwhile,involvesteamsoftwotofourinwhichthepersoninfrontcontrolsdirectionsandtheplayerinbackbrakeswhenneeded．Itearneditsnameaftercompetitorsstartedswingingbackandforthtospeedupthesled．Bobsleddinginitiallyovertookskeletonsleddinginpopularity,becomingoneofahandfulofsportsplayedatthefirstWinterGamesin1924．TheskeletonsleddingwaslimitedtotheCrestaRunfordecadesbecauseotherbobrunsaroundtheworldwerenotbuiltforthesteelskeletonsled．Butinthe1970s,adjustmentsweremadetoboththeskeletonandbobrunsinordertoincludetheeventatfuturewintergames．【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了雪橇運動在瑞士的發(fā)展。1．WhatcanweinferaboutRaymondFlower?A．Heisawriter．B．Heisgoodatsledding．C．Heinventedthesleddingrace．D．Hesetthefirstrecordofsledding．A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“RecordsshowthatCanada'sFirstPeoplesusedsmallsledstotransporttheirbelongingsandfoodbetweencamps,RaymondFlowerwritesinTheHistoryofSkiingandOtherWinterSports．”可以推斷出，RaymondFlower是一位作家。故選A。2．Howdoesskeletonsleddingdifferfromtheluge?A．Skeletonsleddingrunsonmetalrunners．B．Skeletonsleddingdoesn'thavebackbrakes．C．Ridersonskeletonsleddingsledwiththeirfeet．D．Skeletonsleddingneedsplayerstoliedownonitheadfirst．D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Unliketheluge,wherecompetitorsridefeet-firstonasledwithmetalrunners,theskeletonsleddingisasteelsledwithaslimappearance．Ridersliedownonthesledheadfirst,thendropsuddenlydownanicetrack．”可知，俯式冰橇與無舵雪橇的不同之處是俯式冰橇需要運動員在滑行時頭朝下躺在上面。故選D。3．Whatlimitedthepopularityofskeletonsledding?A．Itsspecialshape．B．Itsspeed．C．Itssteelrunners．D．Itsunsuitableadjustments．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“TheskeletonsleddingwaslimitedtotheCrestaRunfordecadesbecauseotherbobrunsaroundtheworldwerenotbuiltforthesteelskeletonsled．”可知，俯式冰橇數(shù)十年來受限于克雷斯塔滑道是因為其他地方的雪橇滑道不適合俯式冰橇，因此限制了俯式冰橇的普及的是它的鋼架。故選C。4．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Whyissleddingsopopular?B．HowdidsleddingdevelopinSwitzerland?C．Whataresleddingadventuresabout?D．HowdidpeoplekilltimeinNorthAmerica?B標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段的內(nèi)容可知，文章介紹了雪橇運動在瑞士的發(fā)展，因此最佳題目是B項“HowdidsleddingdevelopinSwitzerland？”。故選B。B(2022·廣州模擬)Whenyouloveworkingout,takingabreakfromexercisecanseemawasteoftime—therearetrainingplanstofollowandgoalstobemet．So,what'stheproblem?Accordingtonewresearch,excessivetrainingcanbedamagingtomentalwell-being．“Thebenefitsofregularphysicalactivityarewell-established,butit'spossibletohavetoomuchofagoodthing，”saysJanet,anexpertatphysicaltraining．Buthowdoyouknowifyou'redoingtoomuch?“Over-exercisingcanmeantrainingfortoolongortoointenselywithoutenoughrestforyourpersonallimits，”shesays．“Someofusmayfeelunabletostop．”Indeed,oneresearchshowsalmost40percentofusfeelguiltyifwemissaworkoutandlessthan59percentregularlytakearestday．Soshouldyoubetakingmoretimeout?Byexercisingbeyondyourlimits,notonlycouldyouinjureyourbodyandreducemusclemass,youcouldalsoendupfeelinganxious,too．“Over-exercisingcanimpactyourmood,relationshipsandabilitytofunctioninotherareasofyourlife，”warnsJanet．“Exercisereleasesthestresshormonecortisol．Formostpeople,thiscanhelpyoubettermanagestresslevels．Over-exercising,however,canleadtoincreasedlevelsofcortisolinthebloodstreamwhichcanleadtopoorsleep,depressionandproblemswithmemoryandconcentration．”Stillnotconvinced?Ifyoufindithardtoputdownyourtrainers,you'renotalone．“Upto10percentofenduranceathletesareaffectedbyovertrainingsyndrome,withcommoneffectsincludingmusclesoreness,persistentfatigueandevenmentalbreakdown，”saysProfessorJames．“Inaddition,over-exercisingcanstimulatehyperinflammation,whichhasasevereeffectonbrainhealth．”Thereisasimplesolution,however．“Ithasbeenshownthatexhaustionmaybedelayedalmostindefinitelybyfrequentandregularshortbreaks，”assuresJames．【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了過度鍛煉不僅對身體有害，還會損害心理健康，短暫休息一下可以緩解疲勞。5．WhatisJanet'sattitudetowardsexcessiveexercising?A．Favourable． B．Tolerant．C．Ambiguous． D．Disapproving．D觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段中的“‘Over-exercisingcanimpactyourmood,relationshipsandabilitytofunctioninotherareasofyour