初中英語語法總結(jié)一覽表-6

初中英語語法總結(jié)一覽表語法項目構(gòu)成用法象征詞規(guī)則變化不規(guī)則變化例句一般現(xiàn)在時動詞用原形三人稱單數(shù)-s/es表示經(jīng)常性的動作或狀態(tài)Every

often

alwayson天in月、季、節(jié)、年。一般-s–es輔音＋y---ieshave----has

Hegoestoschooleveryday.Ioftenhavelunchathome.一般過去時動詞用過去時Be—was/were表過去某個、段時間內(nèi)動作及狀態(tài)ago/justnow/In1998last/yesterday等一般/去e雙寫/輔＋y結(jié)尾－iedgo-wentcome-camedo-didleave-left等Hewrotealetteryesterday.Istudiedhardlastyear.一般將來時begoingto＋V原will/shall+V原在將來某個時間或某段時要做的事tomorrow/afternext/tonight

in2010

Gocomeleavestayfly等用進(jìn)行表將來Areyougoingtoread?Heiscomingtomorrow.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時be＋doing表此時此刻正進(jìn)行的動作或狀態(tài)listen

look

nowallthetime

Don’t…一般去e雙寫+ingtie

die

lie–變ie為y加ingTomiswritingnow.Theyarelyingonthebed.現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行have/has+PPhave/hasbeen+doing發(fā)生在過去影響在現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)等含糊的頻率副詞

already

just

neverever分詞規(guī)則的同過去式是一樣的不規(guī)則的動詞的過去分詞需逐個記憶Ihavebeenteachingfor8years.Hehassleptfortwodays..過去進(jìn)行時was/were+doing多用于復(fù)合句中表在過去某時間正在進(jìn)行的動作atthistimeyesterdaylastSundayevening一般去e雙寫+ingtie

die

lie–變ie為y加ingHewasreadingatthattimelastFriday過去完成時had+動過去分詞多用于復(fù)合句中該動作發(fā)生在過去的過去bythetime＋過去時when

after

before規(guī)則的分詞構(gòu)成與過去時一樣的需要逐個記憶詳見不規(guī)則動詞表Wehadlearnt2000wordsbytheendof

lastyear.過去將來時would+V原形多用賓語從句中過去看來將要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)Hesaidthathe…thenextday.

Hesaidthathewouldcomeherethenextday.比較級形式形容副詞名詞后--er前加more名詞比較用more表示兩個人、物之間進(jìn)行比較時than/much/alittlefar/inthetwo等一般/去e雙寫/輔＋y結(jié)尾－iergood/well—better

much/many—moreSheisthetallinthetwo.HerunsfasterthanTom.最高級形式形容副詞名詞后-est前加most名詞比較用most大于等于三個人、物之間進(jìn)行比較inthe＋比較范圍ofthe具體的數(shù)字一般/去e雙寫/輔＋y結(jié)尾－iestbad/ill/badly-worstfar-farther-farthestSheisthemostbeautifulinherclass.(最高級加the)動詞不定式todo沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化作主語Toreadishelpfulforanybodynow.作賓語Hewantstobuyadictionary.作賓補IhearhimsingyesterdayTomtoldmetoopenit.作表語Hisjobistotakecareofchildren.作狀語He’llgotoseeadoctortomorrow.作定語Hehasmuchhomework

todoeveryday.主從復(fù)合句狀語從句句子作狀語

（時間地點原因條件讓步比較）HewaswritingaletterwhenIcamein。賓語從句句子作賓語（語序、時態(tài)、引導(dǎo)詞、客觀事實）HeaskedmeifIhadbeentoBeijingbefore.定語從句句子作定語（修飾名詞或代詞的句子、注意先行詞）Isawthemanwhowasstealingmybikeyesterday主動結(jié)構(gòu)與被動結(jié)構(gòu)主動語態(tài)：主語（人、物）+謂語+賓語動作執(zhí)行者+及物動詞+動作承受者被動語態(tài)：主語（人、物）+bePP+by賓語動作承受者+

be

PP+by動作執(zhí)行者在被動語態(tài)中沒有可以省to的不定式We

speak

English.主語

謂語

賓語English

isspoken

byus

賓改主

謂語動詞be

PP

主by賓主動變被動，先找主、謂、賓，賓改主、主by賓，代詞變格要細(xì)心，謂語動詞bepp,時態(tài)隨主、數(shù)隨被

PP是及物動詞的過去分詞加ed或不規(guī)則詳見表被動句的時態(tài)（be）隨主動句的時態(tài)（do）人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)隨被動句的主語(am、is、are、was、were等)不規(guī)則動詞時態(tài)變化表原形過去時完成時Be(am,is)wasbeenBe(are)werebeenBeginbeganbegunbecomebecamebecomebreakbrokebrokenbeatbeatbeatenblowblewblownbuyboughtboughtbringbroughtbroughtbuildbuildbuildburnburnburncomecamecomecostcostcostcutcutcutcatchcaughtcaughtchoosechosechosendrivedrovedrivendrawdrewdrawndrinkdrankdrunkdodiddoneeatateeatenfallfellfallenfeelfeltfeltfightfightfightfindfoundfoundfallfellfallenforgetforgotforgottenfreezefrozefrozenflyflewflowngowentgonegetgotgotgivegavegivengrowgrewgrownhithithithurthurthurthanghanged/hunghanged/hunghearheardheardhavehadhadholdheldheldkeepkeepkeptknowknewknownlielaylainletletletleaveleftleftlearnLearnt/learnedLearnt/learnedlendlentlentloselostlostlaylaidlaidmakemademademeetmetmetmeanmeantmeantputputputpaypaidpaidreadreadreadrideroderiddenringrangrungrunranrunswimswamswumsingsangsungstealstolestolenspeakspokespokensitsatsatseesawseensellsoldsoldshowshowedshownsmellsmeltsmeltsaysaidsaidsendsentsentspendspentspentsleepsleptsleptstandstoodstoodsweep