起重吊裝作業(yè)培訓Lifting

Lifting&RiggingTraining

起重吊裝作業(yè)培訓法國國際檢驗局工業(yè)與設(shè)施事業(yè)部

BUREAUVERITASIndustry&Facilities

2021/10/20PresentationtoLafargePurpose培訓目的

UnderstandKnowledgeofLifting&Rigging

了解起重吊裝作業(yè)的根本知識UnderstandHazardsTypeofLifiting&RiggingWorkingandtheCause了解起重吊裝作業(yè)的危害種類及成因UnderstandandFollowWorkingControlProgressofLifting&Riggingon-site了解并遵守施工現(xiàn)場平安起重吊裝控制流程ReduceLifting&RiggingRiskImproveLifting&Riggingsafety減少吊裝起重作業(yè)風險,改進吊裝起重作業(yè)平安狀態(tài)TrainingContent培訓內(nèi)容KnowledgeofLifting&Rigging

起重吊裝作業(yè)的根本知識HazardsTypeofLifting&RiggingWorkingandtheCause

起重吊裝作業(yè)的危害種類及成因WorkingControlProgressofLifting&Riggingon-site施工現(xiàn)場平安起重吊裝控制流程CaseAnalysis

典型案例分析SummaryandDiscussion

總結(jié)與討論

KnowledgeofLifting&Rigging

起重吊裝作業(yè)的根本知識

Lifting&RiggingTraining

起重吊裝作業(yè)培訓KnowledgeofLifting&Rigging起重吊裝作業(yè)的根本知識

1、Liftingmachine起重機2、Slings索具3、Signals起重信號4、L&Rexpertstask起重作業(yè)人員及其職責5、Admeasurementofweight&gravitycenterandslingcontact吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接6、其他OthersKnowledgeofLifting&Rigging起重吊裝作業(yè)的根本知識

Liftingmachine

起重機Liftingmachine起重機Ⅰ.DefinitionofLM起重機的定義起重機是通過吊鉤或其他吊具起升、搬運物料的特種機械設(shè)備Ⅱ.TypeofLM起重機械的種類Crane起重機、塔吊Others其他起重設(shè)備〔千斤頂、手動葫蘆〕LiftingMachine起重機械Lifting升降機、卷揚機Liftingmachine起重機Cranes吊車CraneParts吊車組成Liftingmachine起重機WhattoInspect

需要檢測什么Inspectionofthehoistingmachinerymustbemadebyacompetentperson起重機械的檢測必須由有資質(zhì)的人員進行Theemployermustmaintainarecordoftheseinspections負責人必須對這些檢測進行記錄AnnualInspections年檢Cranewasn’tinspectedandtippedover吊車沒有進行檢測，并且已經(jīng)傾倒Liftingmachine起重機WhattoInspect

需要檢測什么Correctairpressureandnoleaks正確的氣壓，沒有泄露Tiresproperlyinflated輪胎內(nèi)氣體充足Wireropewear破舊的纜繩Physicaldamagetocrane吊車的破壞Looseormissinghardware,nuts,orbolts硬件、螺母或螺絲釘?shù)膯适luidleaks泄露物Liftingmachine起重機CompetentPerson能夠勝任的人力Thecompetentpersonmustinspectallmachineryandequipmentpriortoeachuse,andduringuse,tomakesureitisinsafeoperatingcondition.能夠勝任此項工作的人必須在使用前檢查所有的機器和設(shè)備，并且在使用過程中確保各個操作條件的平安Ifitneedsfixing,takeitoutofserviceanddon’tuseituntilitisfixed如果需要維修，那么不再使用此機器直至維修完畢BrokenTrackLiftingmachine起重機Conductregularinspectionsoftiresforexcessivewearordamage輪胎過度使用或損壞的常規(guī)檢測TireInspections

輪胎檢測Liftingmachine起重機WornPart舊部件Liftingmachine起重機Damagedwirerope損壞的鋼絲線Damagedwireropemustbetakenoutofservice損壞的纜繩必須停止使用BrokenStrands一股線有損壞CrushedRope壓扁的鋼絲繩Liftingmachine起重機LoadCapacity-Speed–Warnings裝載量-速度-警告Makesurethecraneoperatorcanseethe:確保吊車司機能夠看見：RatedLoadCapacities

額定裝載量OperatingSpeeds

操作速度SpecialHazardWarningorInstruction特別提示、警告或說明LoadRatingChartLiftingmachine起重機GuardMovingParts有防護的移動部件UnguardedChainDrive沒有防護的鎖鏈Guardmovingpartssuchasgearsorbelts有防護的移動部件如齒輪或履帶Liftingmachine起重機OperatorVisibility司機的可視范圍BrokenWindow碎玻璃Makesurebrokenwindowsorotherobstructionsdonotpreventtheoperatorfromseeing確保碎玻璃或是其他因素不會阻礙司機的視線Liftingmachine起重機Ladders梯子Ladder梯子Useladderstogettotheupperportionofthecab利用梯子登到車體的上部Liftingmachine起重機Guardrails護欄Runwaysandstepsneedtohaveguardrails,handholdsandslipresistantsurfaces走道和臺階需要配有帶有扶手的護欄和防滑表層Liftingmachine起重機BoomAngleIndicator臂角指示器Aboomangleindicatormustbeonthecrane在吊車上必須安裝臂角指示器Liftingmachine起重機

SupportingSurface支持面Cranesmustbeonafirmsupportingsurfaceandlevelwithin1percent吊車必須安裝在穩(wěn)定的支持面上并且在1%的水平內(nèi)Liftingmachine起重機Thegroovesmustbesmoothandfreefromsurfacedefectswhichcouldcauseropedamage凹槽必須平滑，外表不能有能造成繩索毀壞的缺陷SheavesInspecttheLimitswitch限位裝置的檢查Liftingmachine起重機限位裝置LimitswitchLiftingmachine起重機SwingRadius搖擺半徑SwingRadiusStayoutoftheswingradiusofthecrane–Makesuretherearebarrierguardsshowingswingradius呆在吊車搖擺半徑之外的地方-確保搖擺半徑內(nèi)有路障顯示Liftingmachine起重機SuspendedLoads懸掛的吊裝架

Don’tstandundersuspendedloads不要站在懸掛的吊裝架下面Liftingmachine起重機Improperloadrating裝載額定率設(shè)置不當Excessivespeeds超速Nohandsignals無手勢信號Inadequateinspectionandmaintenance維護缺乏、監(jiān)查不當Unguardedparts無備件CraneHazards吊車不當操作Unguardedswingradius工作半徑無防護Workingtooclosetopowerlines

離電線過近Improperexhaustsystem不合理的排氣系統(tǒng)Shatteredwindows

碎玻璃Nosteps/guardrailswalkways沒有臺階/護欄的走道Noboomangleindicator

沒有安裝臂角指示器Notusingoutriggers沒有使用支架塔吊塔吊使用前的檢查本卷須知升降機升降機檢查要點手動葫蘆手動葫蘆檢查要點KnowledgeofLifting&Rigging起重吊裝作業(yè)的根本知識

Slings

索具

Slings索具

Wirerope鋼絲繩Nylonrope尼龍繩(化纖)Coirrope

棕繩Clasp卡環(huán)Ropelock繩卡Elasticityconditioner松緊器Ropes繩(帶)Fixture卡具Hook吊鉤Slings索具Slings索具

Nylonrope尼龍繩(化纖)Clasp卡環(huán)繩卡Hook吊鉤SlingsPictures

索具圖例Wirerope鋼絲繩Components組成Wirerope

鋼絲繩

Core芯Strand股Wire絲Cross-sectionofcommonwirerope普通鋼絲繩截面

Wirerope

鋼絲繩

Onecompletewrapofastrandaroundthecore完整的標準鋼絲繩圖RopeLayWirerope

鋼絲繩

Thedirectionthestrandsarewoundaroundthecore鋼絲繩纏繞方向朝右RightLay朝左LeftLayWirerope

鋼絲繩

拉長方法RightLangLay常規(guī)方法RightRegularLayThedirectionthestrandsarewoundaroundthecore鋼絲繩纏繞方向Wirerope

鋼絲繩

鋼絲繩按繩股數(shù)及每股中的鋼絲數(shù)區(qū)分有6股7絲，7股7絲，6股19絲，6股37絲及6股61絲等。吊裝中常用的有6×19、6×37兩種。6×19鋼絲繩可作纜風和吊索；6×37鋼絲繩用于穿滑車組和作吊索。鋼絲繩的平安系數(shù)SafetyCoefficientofWireRopeUsefor用途Safetycoefficient平安系數(shù)作纜風3.5Slingwithouttwist作吊索、無彎曲時6~7Manualcontrolliftingmachine用于手動起重設(shè)備4.5Bindingsling作捆綁吊索8~10Maneuverliftingmachine用于機動起重設(shè)備5~6Liftcarryingpersons用于載人的升降機14Wirerope

鋼絲繩

鋼絲繩的選用WireRopeSelectionWireropeinnormaltemperatureconditionshouldbequalifiedhemporcottonropecore.在常溫作業(yè)場所，那么選用麻芯或棉芯鋼絲繩〔貯油、防銹，撓性彈性好〕Wireropeinextremeheatconditionshouldbequalifiedasbestosormetalropecore.在高溫環(huán)境中工作的鋼絲繩，以選用石棉繩芯或金屬繩芯鋼絲繩為宜。Usegalvanizedwireropewherecouldbeexposedtocorrosivecondition.在有酸堿等腐蝕性作業(yè)環(huán)境中，應(yīng)選用鍍鋅鋼絲繩。Wirerope

鋼絲繩

Standardfordiscardofwirerope

鋼絲繩報廢標準〔一個捻距內(nèi)的斷絲數(shù)〕采用的安全系數(shù)SafetyFactor鋼絲繩規(guī)格StandardofWireRope6×19+16×37+16×61+1交互捻OrdinaryLay同向捻StraightLay交互捻OrdinaryLay同向捻StraightLay交互捻OrdinaryLay同向捻StraightLayBelow66以下126221136186～714726133819Above77以上16830154020Wirerope

鋼絲繩

1捻Distanceofalay何為一個捻距?Wirerope

鋼絲繩

Standingropeshavemorethantwo(2)brokenwiresinonelayinareasbeyondendconnectionsormorethanone(1)brokenwireatanendconnection。固定鋼索的一捻,在遠離末端連接處的地方有兩條以上的斷掉的金屬絲,或者在末端連接處有一條以上的斷掉的金屬絲;Runningropeshavesix(6)randomlydistributedbrokenwiresinonelayorthree(3)brokenwiresinonestrandinonelay。轉(zhuǎn)動的鋼索的一捻中有六處任意分布的斷掉的金屬絲或者在其一股中有三條斷的金屬絲;Wearofone-third(1/3)oftheoriginaldiameteroftheoutsideindividualwirescausedbyabrasion,scrubbing,flattening,or

peening

;

單獨的鋼索的外表由于磨損,擦洗,壓扁或者錘擊等原因磨損了它原來直徑的1/3Kinking,crushing,birdcaging,oranyotherdamageresultingindistortionoftheropestructure;扭結(jié),破碎,或是其他的損壞而導致鋼索結(jié)構(gòu)的變形;Evidenceofheatdamagefromanycause;由任何原因引起的熱破壞的跡象;Wireropeshouldbereplacedinseveralcircumstances,including,butnotlimitedto:鋼絲繩在以下情況下必須更換，但不僅限于Wirerope

鋼絲繩

Twist扭曲Twist扭曲

Broken鳥籠

Broken損壞的繩索插接鋼絲繩的幾種方法、要求與規(guī)定插接的方式插接的長度Fixture卡具TypesofShackles卡環(huán)的種類ScrewPinAnchorShackle螺紋式RoundPinAnchorShackle銷釘式BoltTypeAnchorShackle螺栓式Fixture卡具Checkwear檢查外觀Checkcracks,bendingandtwisting檢查彎曲處Pinalwaysseated鎖頭應(yīng)該是固定好的Checkopeningwidth檢查開口寬度ShackleInspection卡環(huán)的檢查Checkwearandstraightness檢查外觀和呈直線的地方Fixture卡具Neverreplaceashacklepinwithabolt.不要用螺栓代替鎖扣Theloadwillbendthebolt.吊物會使螺栓彎曲CheckwithmanufacturerforspecificationsonSideLoading.與制造商確認側(cè)裝參數(shù)120degreemax.最大120度Fixture卡具CORRECT正確Saddle鞍U-BoltU型螺栓Installedproperlyastonumber,direction,spacingandtorque.數(shù)量、方向、間距和扭矩都要以正確的方式安裝InstallingWireRopeClips繩卡的安裝Safetytwistway安裝鋼絲繩夾放“平安彎〞方法Fixture卡具與繩徑匹配的繩卡數(shù)

CableHead鋼絲繩直徑WireRopeDiameter(mm)7~1619~2728~3738~45最少繩卡數(shù)CableHeadMinimum(個)3456繩卡間距CableHeadInterval(mm)Minimum6timesofwireropediameter不應(yīng)小于鋼絲繩直徑的6倍Fixture卡具DoNotAlternate!卡具不要兩個方向固定SaddleisonDeadEnd!卡具距鋼絲繩末端太近ExamplesofImproperlyInstalledFixture卡具Manufacturers’identification.制造商的說明Neverweldonhooks.吊鉤不要使用焊接Workingsafetylatch.工作平安插銷Hooksaredesignedtoapplytheloadatthebottomofthesaddle.

吊鉤的設(shè)計用來在鞍部底端進行裝載LOADHooks吊鉤Fixture卡具CheckforCracksandTwisting檢查曲折處CheckforWearandCracks檢查外觀和彎曲處CheckforWearandDeformation檢查外觀和彎曲處CheckthatHookisNotTwisted檢查吊鉤沒有彎曲HookInspectionIteams吊鉤檢查Fixture卡具Mostcommonmethodofterminatingropesoncranes.最普遍的連接繩子和吊車的工具Allpartsmustmatchinsize.所有的零件尺寸必須匹配Measureropediametertoensurepropersize.測量繩子直徑確定尺寸Cotter鎖銷Pin插銷Socket插座Wedge楔WedgeSockets楔形插座Fixture卡具Right對Wrong錯6〞–9〞Liveendoftherope,thestraightsideofthesocketandthepinholealllineup.放開繩子的末端，使插座垂直，所有的孔都在一條直線上WedgeSocket-Fixture卡具Maybenecessarytobeatthesocketduringinstallation.在安裝過程中可能會擊打插座Socketmaybecomemushroomed.插座可能會腐蝕Replacewhendamagebecomesnoticeable.在插座出現(xiàn)明顯的損壞的時候要替換WedgeSocketDamage插座損壞KnowledgeofLifting&Rigging起重吊裝作業(yè)的根本知識

HandSignal

起重信號

HandSignal起重信號

Anillustrationofthesignalsmustbepostedatthejobsite在工作現(xiàn)場必須張貼一張手勢信號的圖示說明Signal起重信號

Signal起重信號Signal起重信號

Signal起重信號

KnowledgeofLifting&Rigging起重吊裝作業(yè)的根本知識

StaffandTask

起重作業(yè)人員及其職責Staffandtask起重作業(yè)人員及其職責Craneoperator起重機司機

Signalstaff信號工

Slingoperator繩索工

L&Rinspector吊裝監(jiān)督員Craneoperator起重機司機OperateatL&Rinspector’spresenceorwiththeapproval在吊裝監(jiān)督員出席或給予批準后才能進行吊裝作業(yè)。Operatecranesafelyandproperly平安可靠地操作起重機。Ensuretheconditionon-sitesothatdisplacementandliftingcanbeoperatedsafely,ifnotreporttoL&Rinspector保證場地條件能平安地進行位移和起吊操作。如果不能保證，他應(yīng)報告吊裝監(jiān)督員。Ensureoutriggerinstalledproperlyandsafely保證所有的外伸局部都充分配置并是平安的。Setalltheswitchesonnoloadingbeforeoperationandrecordinspectionresults在進行吊裝作業(yè)之前，將所有的限制開關(guān)設(shè)置為無荷載狀態(tài)進行操作測試，將結(jié)果檢查記錄表上。reportallthequestionsofcranetoL&Rinspector將起重機的任何問題向吊裝監(jiān)督員報告。Ensurecranefixedsafelywhenincline保證當固定式起重機在傾斜狀態(tài)時被平安地固定。Ensuretheweightbeforelifting在起吊之前確定物體的重量。Operationcannotbedonewhenbarrierisonthecircumrotatepath在旋轉(zhuǎn)路徑上有任何障礙物時不能起吊任何物體。Operationcannotbedoneifthesignalisnotclear在沒有從信號工那里得到清晰的信號之前不能起吊任何物體。Cranecannotbestartedifelectricalwireis3mabovethecrane在上方3米之內(nèi)有帶電的電線的情況下不得開啟起重機。Staffandtask起重作業(yè)人員及其職責Signalstaff信號工Checkwiththeslingoperatortoensuretheriggingisproperbeforegivingthesignals在發(fā)出信號前和繩索工檢驗保證物體裝配得當。Givetheclearandcorrectsignalstocraneoperator向起重機司機發(fā)出準確而清晰的信號。Staffandtask起重作業(yè)人員及其職責Slingoperator繩索工Ensureliftingweightandinformtocraneoperator確定載重重量并通知起重機司機。Checkifthetoolsinusageisproper檢查保證使用正確的起重器具。Checkropeknotandslingangletoavoidoverload檢查繩結(jié)方法/吊索角度，防止出現(xiàn)繩索的過載。Ensurestability保證物體吊裝的穩(wěn)定性。Preventstafffalling防止吊起的松散的材料落下。Avoiddamageofropeknotwithpropermethod在吊裝過程中采用適宜的方法防止繩結(jié)損壞。ReporttoL&Rinspectorifanyemergency在吊裝器械有任何異常時立即報告吊裝監(jiān)督員。Staffandtask起重作業(yè)人員及其職責L&Rinspector吊裝監(jiān)督員CoordinateL&Rjob協(xié)調(diào)所有的吊裝活動。Ensurecraneoperatoriscompetentwithtrainingcertificate保證讓培訓過且持有合格證書的的司機操作起重機。Ensureslingoperatorandsignalstaffiscompetent保證讓指定的繩索工和信號工進行吊裝工作。Createsafeconditionforthesite建立平安場地條件。Directcraneoperator,slingoperatorandsignalstaff在平安吊裝過程中指揮起重機操作工、繩索工和信號工。Adoptproperwaytosolvethehazardoncereportedto一旦有不平安的情況報告，他應(yīng)采取適當?shù)拇胧?。EnsurealltheL&Roperationissafe保證所有吊裝操作都平安的執(zhí)行。Staffandtask起重作業(yè)人員及其職責KnowledgeofLifting&Rigging起重吊裝作業(yè)的根本知識

Admeasurements

of

weight&gravitycenter

and

slingcontact

吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接Admeasurementofweight&gravitycenterandslingcontact吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接KnowtheWeightoftheLoad

了解裝載的重量Refertoshippingticketorotherdocumentation涉及到運單和其他的文件Ensureliftcalculationsarecorrect確保提升數(shù)據(jù)計算正確Ensureloadiswithinloadchartratingforboomlengthandloadradiusofcrane確保荷載量是在懸臂長度和荷載半徑額定量之內(nèi)Craneisratedbythemaximumweightitwillliftataminimumradiusandminimumboomlength–thefurtherfromitscenterpoint,thelessitwilllift吊車是以最大重量制定的額定量，它將以最小的半徑和最小的懸臂長度進行升降-距中心越遠，提升的重量越小CENTREOFGRAVITYofaload

物體的重心isapointatorneartheloadaroundwhichitsweightisevenlydistributed是在物體上或接近于物體的一點，物體的重量圍繞這一點均勻分布Admeasurementofweight&gravitycenterandslingcontact吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接LoadLimitingFactors

荷載限制因素Notlevel不平Wind風Sideloads側(cè)面荷載Onitswheels車輪Liftingovertheside越過邊界提升Useofextensions,jibsandotherattachments臂的延伸和其他附件的使用Limitsofwirerope,slingsandliftingdevices纜繩、吊索和提升設(shè)備的限制Admeasurementofweight&gravitycenterandslingcontact吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接ResultLoad荷載Load荷載CorrectOrientation–Loadisintheplaneoftheeye.正確的方向-荷載在孔的平面內(nèi)IncorrectOrientation–Whentheloadisappliedtotheeyeinthisdirectionitwillbend.錯誤的方向-如果荷載以這種方向工作會造成彎曲Load荷載Admeasurementofweight&gravitycenterandslingcontact吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接DoubleGrip,DoubleSaddleWireRopeClamp(TwoSeparateSaddleswithU-Bolt)雙卡具固定SingleGrip,SingleSaddleWireRopeClamp(OneSingleSaddlewithU-bolt)單卡具固定AcceptableMethodsforLoadLineTieback正確的拉繩方法Admeasurementofweight&gravitycenterandslingcontact吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接VIOLATIONThistypeofwireropeclip(singlegrip,singlesaddle)willtransfertheweightoftheloadtothedeadendoftheloadline.這種鋼絲繩卡連接方式會導致將荷載傳遞至鋼絲繩末端UnacceptableMethodforLoadLineTieback錯誤的拉繩方法Admeasurementofweight&gravitycenterandslingcontact吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接SpreaderBeams擴展梁Markedwiththecapacityandprooftestedto125percentofthatcapacity.標記承載量并出示其125%測試試驗的證明Consideredaloadandcannotbeleftsuspendedunattended.認真對待荷載不能使其在無人看管的情況下停滯Admeasurementofweight&gravitycenterandslingcontact吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接

平衡梁

擴展梁SlingAngles吊角SlingLeg(s)吊繩HorizontalAngle水平角HorizontalPlane水平面LOADAdmeasurementofweight&gravitycenterandslingcontact吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接HowHorizontalAngle1000LBS1000LBS1000LBS1000LBS500LBS500LBS577LBS577LBS707LBS707LBS1000LBS1000LBS90

60°45°30°BasicknowledgeofLiftingSWL

吊裝工作平安負荷計算的根本知識SlingAngleFactor吊角公式Where:L=Lengthofthesling.繩索長度H=Heightoftheconnectionpointfromthehorizontalplaneoftheload.連接點到水平吊物的距離LHSlingAngleFactor=L/HAdmeasurementofweight&gravitycenterandslingcontact吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接PrincipleofHitches綁扎原則Admeasurementofweight&gravitycenterandslingcontact吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接找到被吊裝物體的重心所用的索具必須滿足被吊裝重物的要求保證吊裝的平穩(wěn)正確的綁扎方式TypesofHitches綁扎方式ChokerHitch穩(wěn)固的綁扎Admeasurementofweight&gravitycenterandslingcontact吊裝物體重量、重心的分配及吊索連接Correct對Wrong錯KnowledgeofLifting&Rigging起重吊裝作業(yè)的根本知識

Others

其他

QuadrupleLegSlings四鏈baMasterLink主連接扣MasterCouplingLink主雙連接扣CouplingLink雙連接扣Chain鎖鏈CouplingLink雙連接扣LowerEndFittings底掛鉤Reach=a+bSingleLegSlings單鏈Reach伸展度UpperEndFitting上掛鉤CouplingLink雙連接扣Chain鎖鏈CouplingLink雙連接扣LowerEndFitting底掛鉤AlloySteelChain鐵鏈其他OthersChainSize鐵鏈尺寸ManufacturersGrade制造商等級Ratedloadandangle額定裝載量和角度控制Reach延展Numberoflegs鏈數(shù)Manufacturersnameandtrademark制造商名稱和商標Nextinspection下次檢查時間AlloySteelChainIdentificationTag標簽其他OthersAlloySteelChainFrequent日常Visualexaminationbytheuser.

使用者日常外觀檢查Periodic定期Completelinkbylinkinspectionoftheentireslingandallattachments.

繩索和全部附件的檢查Documented

記錄其他OthersTwistsorbends彎曲Nicksorgouges有缺口Excessivewearatbearingpoints軸承點有破損Stretch延展Distortedordamagedmasterlinks主連接扣損壞AlloySteelChain其他OthersInstalledCorrectly正確的安裝Inspected檢查過Maintained維護過MainHoistingLine主提升線纜WrongWaytoWind錯誤纏繞方式RightWaytoWind正確的纏繞方式FleetAngle小角度其他OthersFrequent日常Dailyvisualinspection.

日常外觀檢查Observeropeduringday’soperations.

在日常使用中觀察繩索Periodic定期Determinedbyaqualifiedperson.

由有資質(zhì)的人員檢查Basedonropelife,severityofenvironment,percentageofcapacitylifts,frequency,shockloads.

根據(jù)繩索壽命、環(huán)境影響、提升能力百分比、使用強度和荷載量MainHoistingLine其他OthersSixrandomlydistributedbrokenwiresinonelayorthreebrokenwiresinonestrandinonelay.在1捻中有任意6根線斷裂或在1捻中的1股中有3根線斷裂Kinking,crushing,birdcaging,oranyotherdamage.打結(jié)、斷裂、成鳥籠狀或其他損壞Morethantwobrokenwiresinonelaysectionbeyondendconnections.同一截面上有2根線斷裂MainHoistingLine其他OthersTravelingwithaLoad行進裝載其他OthersHazardsType

of

Crane&Rigging

WorkingandtheCause

起重吊裝作業(yè)的危害種類及成因Lifting&RiggingTraining

起重吊裝作業(yè)培訓HazardsTypeofCrane&RiggingWorkingandtheCause

起重吊裝作業(yè)的危害種類及成因TypeofHazard

危害種類Overturns

傾覆Falls

墜落Electrocution

觸電Compress擠(壓)Stuck-By

物體擊打Fire

火災Otherhazards

其它傷害HazardsTypeofCrane&RiggingWorkingandtheCause

起重吊裝作業(yè)的危害種類及成因

Overturns

傾覆Falls

墜落HazardsTypeofCrane&RiggingWorkingandtheCause

起重吊裝作業(yè)的危害種類及成因

KeepLoadsLowandSlow吊速要慢，吊物要盡可能低

Electrocution觸電OSHApowerlineclearancedistances.OSHA電線清場距離ANSIrequirementsforworkingaroundpowerlines.在電線周圍工作的ANSI要求Safeworkingclearancedistanceforcranes.吊裝工作平安范圍Preventivemeasuresforavoidingpowerlinecontacts.阻止電線接觸的方法Planningforpowerlinehazards.電線風險的方案Dealingwithpowerlineemergencies.電線緊急情況的處理方法HazardsTypeofCrane&RiggingWorkingandtheCause

起重吊裝作業(yè)的危害種類及成因

HazardsTypeofCrane&RiggingWorkingandtheCause

起重吊裝作業(yè)的危害種類及成因

Compress擠(壓)牽引繩的使用牽引繩的作用使用牽引繩的本卷須知Stuck-By物體擊打HazardsTypeofCrane&RiggingWorkingandtheCause

起重吊裝作業(yè)的危害種類及成因

Fire

火災HazardsTypeofCrane&RiggingWorkingandtheCause

起重吊裝作業(yè)的危害種類及成因

Otherhazards

其它傷害環(huán)境、燙傷、爆炸、中毒、灼傷等HazardsTypeofCrane&RiggingWorkingandtheCause

起重吊裝作業(yè)的危害種類及成因

HazardsTypeofCrane&RiggingWorkingandtheCause

起重吊裝作業(yè)的危害種類及成因

HowDoAccidentsOccur?

事故是如何發(fā)生的？

Instability–unsecuredload,loadcapacityexceeded,orgroundnotlevelortoosoft不穩(wěn)定性-裝載不穩(wěn)定、超載、或者是地面不達標或是土質(zhì)過軟Lackofcommunication-thepointofoperationisadistancefromthecraneoperatorornotinfullviewoftheoperator缺乏溝通-操作點距吊車司機過遠或是不能完全控制在司機的視野內(nèi)Lackoftraining缺乏培訓Inadequatemaintenanceorinspection維護缺乏或監(jiān)查不當HazardsTypeofCrane&RiggingWorkingandtheCause

起重吊裝作業(yè)的危害種類及成因

WhoisatRisk

誰會有危險Operators

司機PersonsatCraneSite

在吊裝現(xiàn)場的人員CaseAnalysis

典型案例分析Lifting&RiggingTraining

起重吊裝作業(yè)培訓Currentcanflowoutwardthroughgroundinaripplepatternfromtheequipmentincontactwithapowerline.電流以觸電設(shè)備為中心在地面以波紋狀向四周擴散CaseAnalysis典型案例分析ElectrocutionHazards觸電傷害

CaseAnalysis典型案例分析沒有滿打腿OutriggerwithoutextendentirelyCaseAnalysis典型案例分析支撐和枕木分散負載枕木之間不能有縫隙Wrongsupport錯誤的支撐CaseAnalysis典型案例分析Selectionoftimberandsteelplate枕木和鋼板的選擇

Steelplate鋼板：Thesquareofthesteelplateshouldbeatleastfourtimesfloatofoutrigger.鋼板的面積至少是吊車支撐腿的4倍大。Thethicknessofsteelplateisatleast20mm鋼板厚度至少20mm。Timber枕木：Thesquareofthetimbershouldbeatleastfourtimesfloatofoutrigger枕木的面積至少是吊車支撐腿的4倍大。CaseAnalysis典型案例分析CaseAnalysis典型案例分析SitesurveyandsetupBarricadingforworkingarea吊裝附近區(qū)域的場地勘查，架設(shè)警示標志封閉所有吊物經(jīng)過的區(qū)域VIOLATIONThisworkerisatgreatriskofbecomingoffbalanceandcouldeasilyfallofftheroof.Fallprotectionisrequiredforthistypeofwork.該名工作人員處于很大的危險之中，可能會失去平衡從屋頂墜落。此類工作應(yīng)該有墜落平安保護。CaseAnalysis典型案例分析CaseAnalysis典型案例分析OnlyOnePersontoGiveCraneSignals單人給指揮

CaseAnalysis典型案例分析NoRidingoncranehooksorloads吊物上不允許站人

WorkingControlProgressof

Crane&Riggingon-site

施工現(xiàn)場平安起重吊裝控制流程Lifting&RiggingTraining

起重吊裝作業(yè)培訓WorkingControlProgressofCrane&Riggingon-site

施工現(xiàn)場平安起重吊裝控制流程Riskassessment風險評估Crane

InspectionCheckList吊車進場檢驗ContractorProposal吊裝方案審批Inspectionofworkingface施工前現(xiàn)場檢驗Supervisiononsite吊裝過程平安監(jiān)督Inspectionafterworkfinishing吊裝結(jié)束檢驗WorkingControlProgressofCrane&Riggingon-site

施工現(xiàn)場平安起重吊裝控制流程RiskAssessment風險評估表RiskAssessment-L&R風險評估表WorkingControlProgressofCrane&Riggingon-site

施工現(xiàn)場平安起重吊裝控制流程Crane

InspectionCheckList吊車進場檢驗CraneInspectionCheckList吊車檢查詳情單需要編制吊裝方案的范圍吊裝重量超過30T需要進行現(xiàn)場組對的設(shè)備吊裝安裝高度超過20M,且重量超過15T的吊裝安裝高度超過30M,且重量超過10T的吊裝安裝高度超過50M的吊裝WorkingControlProgressofCrane&Riggingon-site

施工現(xiàn)場平安起重吊裝控制流程ContractorProposal承包商準備吊裝方案Submission提交AuditofL&RProposal

吊裝方案審核LafargeL&RSupervisorReviewProposal拉法基吊裝平安工程師審核吊裝方案Failed未通過SitePreparation

進行現(xiàn)場吊裝作業(yè)準備Pass通過LiftingProposalReviewcontent吊裝方案審核內(nèi)容:Proposaliseditedwithvalidreference吊裝方案引用的標準標準、規(guī)程等必須是有效版本Theparameter吊裝工藝參數(shù)Calculateofthestrengthandstabilityofthetoolsandparts吊裝用索具、吊耳、平衡梁等的強度及穩(wěn)定性的驗算Calculateofthestrengthandstabilityofpartiallifting吊物(局部)吊裝強度及穩(wěn)定性驗算Selectionofmainequipments主要設(shè)備(機具)的選用Liftingplanelayout吊裝平面布置圖(警戒區(qū)域不得小于吊裝的工作半徑)Labor勞動力組織Organization組織機構(gòu)Safetymethod平安技術(shù)措施Recognizeandevaluatehazardandsafetyplan主要危險源的識別與風險評估、平安預案WorkingControlProgressofCrane&Riggingon-site

施工現(xiàn)場平安起重吊裝控制流程WorkingControlProgressofCrane&Riggingon-site

施工現(xiàn)場平安起重吊裝控制流程Self-checkAndEx-check承包商吊前自檢、互檢合格Submission提交Inspectionofworkingfac