考研《英語一》湖北省2023年高分沖刺試題含解析

考研《英語一》湖北省2023年高分沖刺試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)WhenIwasyoung,Ibelongedtoaclubthatdidcommunityservicework.Therewasonespecific36thatwasunusualforme.Ispentthreeorfourhourshandingoutwarmdinnertothehomeless37inthestreets.AfterthatIwenttoahomelessshelternotfarfromtheBayBridge.Iwasinhighschoolandatthetimemysisterwastooyoungto38.Shewantedtohelp,39shemademanychocolatechipcookiesformeto40andhandouttopeople.Whengettingtotheshelter,Ipassedoutthe41.Ibeganmakingsandwichesand42themwiththecrowd.Ihadthecontainerswithmysister’s43inthemandbeganto44around,offeringthemtoanyonenearme.Iapproachedan45gentlemanandsaid,“Sir,wouldyoulikeacookie?”Hestoppedandturnedaround,lookedatmeandsaid,“Whatdidyousay?Didyoucallmesir?”ItoldhimIhad,andhiseyes46alittlebitandsaid,“Noonehas47calledmesir.’Sohewascompletelymoved.It48me.IexplainedIhadbeenraisedthat49colorandsocialstatus,everyonedeservedrespect.It50metothinkthatjustbecausehewashomeless,noone51himthehonor.Itbrokemyheart.Ijustdidn’tunderstand52nooneevercalledhimsir.IhadneverthoughtthatanyonewasbelowmebecauseIwasn’traisedthatway.Every53persondeservestobetreatedwithrespect.Yearslater,Istillcarrythatmemoryandthe54ittaughtme.Sometimes,whatwetakeforgrantedcan55makeadifferenceinsomeone’slife.1、A．case B．chance C．event D．a(chǎn)ccident2、A．out B．far C．a(chǎn)way D．off3、A．participate B．decide C．choose D．go4、A．however B．but C．yet D．so5、A．enjoy B．eat C．collect D．take6、A．papers B．meals C．books D．gifts7、A．shared B．provided C．helped D．returned8、A．dishes B．fruits C．cookies D．sandwiches9、A．walk B．turn C．run D．show10、A．well-dressed B．innocent C．old D．modest11、A．watered B．cried C．opened D．closed12、A．never B．ever C．still D．yet13、A．encouraged B．a(chǎn)ttracted C．struck D．defeated14、A．inspiteof B．regardlessof C．incaseof D．becauseof15、A．persuaded B．saddened C．frightened D．moved16、A．handed B．offered C．reminded D．promised17、A．what B．how C．whether D．why18、A．single B．usual C．ordinary D．normal19、A．lesson B．class C．truth D．reality20、A．possibly B．nearly C．really D．usuallySectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1YoumayhaveneverheardofLanthanum,CeriumorNeodymium,buttheseelements(元素)andothersknownas“rareearth”playamajorroleinmoderntechnology.Theycanactuallybefoundinmanyplacesontheearth,butnotinquantitiesthatcanbemined.Onlyafewcountries—China,America,India,Australia,BrazilandMalaysiahaveanythatcanbeminedenoughtobetraded.EventhoughsomeoftheseelementssuchasCeriumareasabundantasCopper,theyarenotfoundinconcentratedamountsontheearth’ssurface.Theyareoftenmixedtogetherwithothermetals,whichmakesextraction(提取)oftheseelementsanexpensiveandanenvironmentallymessyprocess.Itwasduetothisreasonthattheterm“rareearth”wasinvented.Rareearthmetalsareusedwidelyinourlife.Rechargeablecarbatteries,computers,iPhones,DVDplayers,computermonitors,televisions,lighting,lasers,glasspolishing,andsuperconductorsallusequantitiesofrareearthmetals.Also,withtheadvancementin“green”technologylikesolarpanels,theseshinymaterialsarebecomingmoreimportantthanever.Anaverageelectriccaruses10poundsofLanthanumforitsrechargeablebattery!Americahaslargedeposits(存儲量)ofrareearthsandhasoneofthefirstmines.ItwasopenedinSouthernCaliforniain1940.Theelement“Europium”wasthefirstmetaltobeseparatedinquantityforuseincolortelevisions.However,inthe1980’sand1990’s,asChinastartedproducingtheseelementsinInnerMongolia,theminesinAmericaandelsewherecouldnotkeeppace.ThemineinMountainPass,Californiaalsofailedenvironmentalregulationsandshutdownin2002.Now,recognizingtheimportanceofhavingmorethanonesupplierofthisimportantresource,otherrareearthowningcountrieslikeIndiaandAustraliaareeitherdustingofftheirrareearthminesorspeedinguptheirproduction.Itisbelievedthatthedebateoverrareearthswillbecomelouderinthecomingmonthsandyears.1、Whatcanwelearnaboutrareearths?A．TheyareactuallyasabundantasCopper.B．Theycanbeminedeasilyasothermetals.C．Theycanonlybefoundinafewcountries.D．Theyarenotreallyasrareastheyarenamed.2、ComparedwithChina,America.A．paidmoreattentiontoEuropiumB．haslargerdepositsofrareearthsC．startedproducingrareearthsearlierD．hasmorerareearthmines3、Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatrareearths.A．a(chǎn)renowingreatdemandB．cannowbeusedinfewfieldsC．a(chǎn)reharmfultotheenvironmentD．willsoonbereplacedbyothermetalsText2HaveyouevernoticedhowAmericansfilluptheirentireglasswithiceandthenpourtheirbeverage(飲品)in,butEuropeanstaketheirdrinksatroomtemperature?IntheU.S.,we’vecreatedfridgesthatgiveyoucoldiceatthepressofabutton,butinBritaintheytypicallyservetheirtapwaterwarm.Thistradition—ifthat’swhatyouwanttocallit-datesbacktothe19thcentury.Duringthattime,itwasalreadycommonplaceformostAmericanhomestohaveanicebox.IcewouldbeharvestedinnorthernAmericaorCanadaandshippedacrosstheAtlanticandsoldatahighpriceinBritishdepartmentstores.CanyouimagineheadingtoMacy’stotreatyourselftoablockofice?Puttingiceinyourdrinkstartedtobecomesomewhatofafashion(時尚)trendforthewealthyinBritain.Somewouldputafewcubesintheirchampagneandsipontheirchilleddrinksathigh-classparties.But,likewithanyfashiontrend,iteventuallyfaded,mainlybecausetheicewasjusttooexpensive.AndevenonceiceboxesbeganappearinginhomesinBritainaswell,Britsnevertookalikingtoiceintheirdrinks.So,nexttimeyoutraveloverseas,don’tfeeloffended(冒犯)whenyourservergivesyouaneyerollwhenyouaskforicewater.1、Whohaswrittenthetext?A．AEuropean.B．AnAmerican.C．ACanadian.D．AnAsian.2、WhydoEuropeanstaketheirdrinksatroomtemperature?A．Becausetheyhavenofridges.B．Becausetheyhavewarmtaps.C．Becausetheyareaccustomedtoit.D．Becausetheycan’taffordice.3、WhatcanweinferaboutBrits?A．Theytreattheirgueststocolddrinks.B．TheyalwaysfollowwhatAmericansdo.C．Theydon’tknowwheretogeticeblocks.D．TheyhaveiceboxeslaterthanAmericans.4、Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．WhyAmericanslikeicydrinkswhileEuropeansdon’t.B．Whenpeopleoverseashaveicydrinkswiththeirmeals.C．Wherepeoplecanentertainthemselveswithicydrinks.D．HowEuropeansandAmericansmakedifferentbeverage.Text3THREEyearsagoJennySalgado,aDominicanshopassistant,movedtoHighlandtown,aneighborhoodofBaltimore.Whenshearrivedtheshopsheworksin,itwasoneofonlyafewSpanishbusinesses.Nowtherearemanymore.“It’sgoodnowifyouspeakSpanish,”shesmiles.Baltimorehasbeenlosingpeoplefor60years.Toaddressthis,itsmayor,StephanieRawlings-Blake,wantstomakeitthemostimmigrant-friendlycityintheworld.ItslibrariesprovideSpanish-languageexerciseclasses.Tohelpthosewithnopapers,thecityisintroducingmicro-loans(小額貸款)whichrequirenocreditchecks;citypolicewouldnolongerroutinelychecktheimmigrationstatusofcitizensorenforceanyfederalimmigrationlawunlessrequiredto.Thethengovernor,MartinO’Malleymadeitpossibleforillegalimmigrantstogetdrivinglicenses.Suchwelcomingpoliciesarespreading.SuchcitiesasCleveland,DaytonandPhiladelphiaalleagerlytrytopleaseimmigrants.RickSnyder,thegovernorofMichigan,hasaskedthefederalgovernmenttooffer50,000visastopeoplewhoagreetoliveinDetroit.Hisadministrationhasmadeiteasierforskilledmigrantstogetprofessionallicenses.Whenacity’spopulationfalls,bothtaxreceiptsandservicesfall.Half-desertedneighborhoodsbreed(滋生)crime,drivingyetmorepeopletoleave.Nocityhasescapedthisdeathcirclewithoutattractingnewresidents,saysSteveTobocmanofGlobalDetroit.Severalstudiessuggestthatwhenimmigrantsarrive,crimegoesdown,schoolsimproveandshopsopenup.InDetroit,immigrantslivingnearthetinyseparatecityofHamtramckhaveformedlocalwatchestoguardagainstthieves.Theirneighborhoodsarenotjustsafer;theyarealsoamongtheonlyplaceswhereitisaseasytobuyfreshvegetablesasdrugsandalcohol.Butattractingnewimmigrantstothecitieswhichmostneedthemishard,arguesAudreySingeroftheBrookingsInstitution.Theycareaboutthesamethingsaseveryoneelse:safestreets,goodschoolsandjobs.Citieswhichhavelostpopulationfordecadesstrugglewithallofthese.1、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“address”inParagraph2mean?A．Accountfor. B．Dealwith. C．Getridof. D．Takeawayfrom.2、Whatmayhappenwhenahalf-desertedcitymakeseffortstoattractnewresidents?A．Creditcardcheckswillbestricter. B．Immigrants’identitywillbeprotected.C．Thepublicserviceswillgetworse. D．Thecrimeratewilldecline.3、WhichofthefollowingstatementsmayAudreySingeragreewith?A．AttractingimmigrantstosuchcitiesasDetroitisdemanding.B．Immigrantshavehigherexpectationsofacitythanitslocals.C．Thereisnoneedtoencouragesuchimmigrant-friendlypolicies.D．Attractingimmigrantshelpspreventacityfromlosingpopulation.Text4The“TakeIn”restaurantinHelsinki,Finland,iscurrentlyinthenewsforitsingenious(有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性)service.Insteadofcookingthemealsinitsownkitchen—whichdoesn’texist—itallowscustomerstoordervariousdishesfromaselectionof20otherrestaurantsinthecity.SponsoredbyAmericanExpressandWolt,apopularfooddeliveryapp,TakeInisapop-up(突然出現(xiàn)的)restaurantthatopenedatthebeginningofNovember2016,andwillrunthroughMay2,thisyear.Asyou’veprobablyalreadyguessed,thename“TakeIn”isacleverplayonwordsliketake-out.Thewholepointoforderingtake-outistoavoidgoingtoarestaurant,andifyou’regoingtodressuptogoout,youmightaswellgostraighttoyourfavoriterestaurantinsteadoforderingfoodfromitsomewhereelse.Buthere’stheideabehindit—whenyougooutwithagroupoffriendsandyoucan’tdecidewheretogofordinner,becauseeveryonewantstoordersomethingelse,TakeInistheperfectsolution.“Wewanttobealivingroominthecity,”aWoltspokespersontoldMonoclemagazine.“Weallknowwhatit’slikeyou’reabouttogooutfordinnerwithabiggroupoffriends.Everyonewantstoorderwhattheylike.Whatareyougoingtodo?Well,theanswerinHelsinkirightnowisyoucometoTakeInbecauseyoucandoallofthosethingsinthesameplace.”Customersaremorethanwelcometosticktotheselectionofdrinksavailableatthebar.Butiftheywanttotrythe“takein”experience,alltheyhavetodoisusetheWoltapp,justastheywouldfromthecomfortoftheirownhomes.Oncetheyorderandpayfortheirmeals,alltheyhavetodoiswaitforsomeonetodeliverittothepop-uprestaurant.1、Whatdoesthetextmainlytellabout?A．AmericanExpressandWolt.B．The“TakeIn”restaurantinHelsinki.C．Thewaytoorder"take-out".D．Aworld-widefoodservice.2、Whyisthe“TakeIn”restaurantpopularwithpeople?A．Itcansatisfythetasteofdifferentpeople.B．Peoplecanpaylessmoney.C．Peoplecangettogetherwithbestfriends.D．Itcancookdifferentmeals.3、Whatdoweknowaboutthe“TakeIn”restaurant?A．Ithasbeenrunformorethantwoyears.B．Itwillreplace“Takeout”restaurantssoon.C．YoushouldusetheWoltapp.D．Youcanenjoytheserviceinyourownliving-room.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)NoonethoughtthatyoungAlbertEinsteinwouldgrowuptochangetheworldHewassoslowinlearningtospeakthathewasconsideredabit1．(fool)AlbertEinsteinwasneverhappyinschoolHeansweredslowlybecausehewasverythoughtful,andheaskeddifficultquestions,whichmade2．(he)teachersthinkthathewastrying3．(make)troubleThestrictdiscipline（紀(jì)律）ofaGermanschoolmadehimveryunhappyHowever,youngEinstein4．(do)learnwhatinterestedhim,andhewasinterestedinwhatlaybelowthesurfaceof5．(thing)Forinstance,hisfatheroncegavehimacompass（指南針）ThismadeAlbertcurious6．theunseenforcesthatcouldkeepacompassneedlealwayspointingnorthInhisteenshereaddeepinscienceHehadalreadystartedtowonderaboutthemysteriesof7．universeAt17,EinsteinenteredthePolytechnicInstituteinZurich,Switzerland,8．hestudiedmathematicsandphysicsHestayedawayfrommanylecturesanddidnotimpresshisprofessors,buthewas9．(actual)studyingveryhardallthetimeWhenhegraduatedin1900,heaskedtobeappointedasanassistantinthephysicsdepartmentbut10．(refuse)語法填空A71-year-oldfemaleonTaobaohasbecomearolemodelformany1．(woman)inthiscountryYangGuangbeganmovingfromShanghaitoHangzhouinAugust20152．shelaunchedhermodelingcareer3．(success)onTaobaoafterher4．(retire)Yang,whostartsherjourneyat6:30am,triesmorethan100clothesandposesforphotos5．(advertise)theseclothesforseniorwomenuntil7pmeachworkingdayShesayssheenjoystheprocessandfeelsdelightedand6．everyday,eventhoughshe7．(bother)bydiseasessuchashighbloodpressureandhearttroublesometimesAsthesayinggoes,“Opportunitiesareforthosewhoareprepared”Yang8．(shoot)tensofmoviesandtelevisiondramaswithmanysingersbeforeshebecameamodelonTaobao9．isnevertoolatetorealizeyourdreamandtimecangiveeverythingyouwant,”saysYang,10．hasaspecialkindofbeautythatcomesfromlifeexperiencesSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)Whatisbitcoin?Bitcoinisakindofdigitalcurrency,whichmeansitdoesn’texistasbanknotes.Atfirst,bitcoinswereonlymadeforcollectors.1、Youcanstoreitinanonline“wallet”.Andwiththatwallet,youcanspendbitcoinonlineandinthephysicalworldforgoodsandservices.Moreandmorebusinesses,restaurantsanduniversitiesincluded,acceptpaymentsinbitcoins.And,ofcourse,bitcoinhasavaluation,whichyoumayhaveheardaboutbecausebitcoin’spricehasfluctuatedupanddown.What’sdifferentaboutbitcoin?2、Thatcardisconnectedtoinformationaboutyou,suchasyournameandbillingaddress.Youcanusebitcointhesameway,butunlikewithacreditcard,thetradesyoumakewiththecurrencyarecompletelyanonymous（匿名的）.Theycan’tbeusedtoidentifyyoupersonally.3、IsthatwhytheWannaCryattackerspickeditasafromofpayment?4、Thebitcoincurrencyisunique—noauthoritycanchangethevalue.It’squickandeasytosetupabitcoinaccount.It’sfast—itonlytakesafewminutestotransferyourpayments.5、Possibly,Bitcoinhascertainlygainedfameinthenewsmediaasatechnologythatcanresultincrime.Buteventhoughtheidentitiesofpeopleinabitcointrademaybehidden,thepublicledgerhasincreasinglyhelpedlawtracethemovementofbitcoinsfromplacetoplace.A．Whatmakesthebitcoincurrencyunique?B．AnotherwayofexchanginggbitcoinsisatATMs.C．Soyoucanusebitcointoprotectyourprivacy.D．It’scheap—tradefeesareusuallyzero,orlessthan1UScent.E.Usually,ifyoupayforsomethingontheInternet,youuseacreditordebitcard.F.However,youcanbuyitwithdollarsoreuros,,justlikeyoucantradeanyothercurrency.G.Thebitcoinwasintroducedontheinternetin2008byasoftwaredevelopercalledSatoshiNakamoto.Naturesoothes(撫慰)ourstressed-outsouls.Weknowthatnatureisthebestprescription,andnewresearchsuggestswecangainbenefitswhilevisitingparks.1、ThestudypublishedintheInternationalJournalofEnvironmentalHealthResearchfoundthatspending20minutesinacityparkcanmakeyouhappier,regardlessofwhetheryouusethattimetoexerciseorn