考研《英語一》敦煌市2023年預(yù)測試卷含解析

考研《英語一》敦煌市2023年預(yù)測試卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Wildlifehasbeengreatlythreatenedinthemodernage.Therearespecies(物種)thatare1everyday.Thewhite-napedcraneisatypicalexample.Soscientistsaretryingtheirbestto2thespeciesfromgoingoutofexistence.ChrisandTimworkatazoo,helpingendangeredcraneswiththeir3.Emma,afemalecrane,hasbeenintheir4sinceshearrivedin2004.Bornataninternationalcranefoundation,Emmawas5byhumancaretakers.Thisledtoanunexpected6,thoughshehadawonderfultimethere.Emmahad7takenherselfasacraneandbecomedeeplyattachedtohumans.She8tolivewithmalecranes,andevenhada9forkillingsomeofthem,whichmadeit10forhertobecomeamother.11,thetwozookeepersdidn’twanttoseetheextinction(滅絕)ofthispreciousspecies.Withtheirpatienceandefforts,theysuccessfullydevelopeda12ofartificialbreeding(人工繁殖)andnaturalreproduction.This13Emmatogivebirthtofivebabycranes.Thetwokeepersareproudoftheirproductivework.Butbeforetheycanbe14,moreeffortsmustbemade,becausethepopulationofthecraneinthewildisonthe15,andmanyotherspeciesappearheadedtowardextinction.16,noteveryonehasrealizedthatwildlifehasthoughts,feelings,andmostimportantly,equalrightstosurvive.Howcanwe17theever-wideninggapthatseparatesusfromotheranimals?ChrisandTimofferedusthe18:humanbeingstookitforgrantedthattheir19heldallthesolutions,butmaybetheirheartscanbeabetter20.1、A．growing B．migrating C．competing D．disappearing2、A．ban B．save C．split D．remove3、A．a(chǎn)bortion B．recreation C．reproduction D．a(chǎn)dministration4、A．care B．eye C．mind D．story5、A．found B．chosen C．raised D．seized6、A．bonus B．consequence C．victory D．sacrifice7、A．never B．a(chǎn)lways C．unluckily D．cheerfully8、A．liked B．refused C．decided D．hesitated9、A．gift B．skill C．concern D．reputation10、A．illegal B．inspiring C．important D．impossible11、A．Therefore B．Moreover C．However D．Instead12、A．combination B．collection C．strategy D．system13、A．forced B．forbade C．taught D．enabled14、A．defeated B．grateful C．a(chǎn)ssured D．tolerant15、A．list B．rise C．a(chǎn)genda D．decline16、A．Incontrast B．Afterall C．Bytheway D．Onthecontrary17、A．leave B．bridge C．open D．identify18、A．course B．excuse C．a(chǎn)nswer D．reward19、A．brains B．behaviors C．services D．projects20、A．guide B．treat C．example D．companionSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Mendon'tgothroughpregnancyorchildbirth.Theirhormone(荷爾蒙)levelsdon'tnosedive.Whatexactlyhavetheygottobedepressedabout?Quitealot,accordingtoresearchfromSwedenshowingthat,overthepast10years,asignificantnumberofmenhavestruggledwiththetransition(過渡)tofatherhood.Thislatestresearchtriestoquantifyjusthowmanymengetpostnatal(產(chǎn)后)depression.Previousstudieshavefoundbetween4%and10%ofmen.while,inthissmallishsampleof447Swedishfatherswhovolunteered(andmaythereforenotrepresentyouraveragedad),asurprising28%ofmenhadsymptomsthatscoredabovemildlevelsofdepression.Overall,4%hadmoderatedepression.Fewerthanoneinfivefatherswhoweredepressedsoughthelp,eventhoughathirdofthosehadthoughtaboutharmingthemselves.WhilewomenintheUKareoftenaskedaseriesofquestionsthatscreenforpostnataldepression(whichaffectsupto13%ofwomen),thementalhealthoffathersisrarelyassessed.TheleadauthoroftheSwedishpaper,ElisaPsouni,fromthedepartmentofpsychologyatLundUniversity,saystheEdinburghPostnatalDepressionScale(EPDS)usedforbothwomenandmenisnotsoaccurateinpickingupdepressioninfathers.Herresearchshowedhigherlevelsofdepressionindadsbecauseitaddedinascoremorereflectiveof"male"symptomsofdepressionsuchasagitation,anger,irritability(易怒),workinglongerhoursanddrinkingtoomuch.Depressioninfathersmayberisingnotjustbecauseresearchersarelookingforit,butbecausemorenewdadsarestruggling.Psounibelievesfathersincreasinglyfacethesamedilemmasthatmothersdo-includingtryingtocombineparenthoodwithworkingFatherswhogotdepressedoftenhadexternalpressures,suchasjobissues,andiftheirpartnerwasdepressed,theirownriskofdepressiondoubled.Lackofsleep,havingtwinsandconflictintherelationshipcanallcontribute.Adepresseddadwillplayandsmilelesswithhischild.Childrenaredeeplyaffectedbypaternalpostnataldepressionwithstudiesshowingpoorermeasuresofwellbeingandmorebehavioralproblemsattheageofseven.Fatherswhosensetheymaybestrugglingandpartners,relativesorfriendswhonoticeanincreaseinimitabilityandanxietyinamaninthefirstyearofparenthood(paternaldepressionismoredispersedthroughoutthefirst12months)shouldconsiderthepossibilityofpaternalpostnataldepression.Cognitivebehavioraltherapy(認(rèn)知行為療法)canhelp,ascanantidepressants.Ifthedepressionisnotrecognised,saysPsouni,"oneofmostterriblethingsisthatyoucatchupwithyourselfayearlaterandrealiseyouhavebeenreallydownandstruggling-andthefirstyearofyourchild'slifehasgone.”1、WhatisrevealedaboutmenaccordingtoaSwedenresearch?A．Theyexperienceasharpdeclineinhormone.B．Manyofthemsufferfrompostnataldepression.C．TheyseldomgothroughpregnancyorchildbirthD．Manyofthemqualifyforthetransitiontofatherhood.2、WhatdothestatisticsinParagraph2indicate?A．TheresearchersshouldinvitemoreSwedishfathers.B．OverhalfofSwedishfatherstendtoharmthemselves.C．Thementalhealthoffathersdeservesmoreattention.D．PostnataldepressionaffectsBritishwomenmoreeasily.3、WhydidPsouni'sresearchshowhigherlevelsofdepressionindads?A．Researchersuseanewmeasureformalesymptomofdepression.B．ResearchersadoptEPDStoaccuratelypickupdepressionindads.C．Fathershavetroubleincopingwithinternalandexternalpressures.D．Fathersareoftenfacedwiththedoubledriskofpartnerdepression.4、Whatmayhappentoafatherwithpaternaldepression?A．Hemaydevelopterriblebehavioralhabits.B．Hemayavoidbeingrecognizedwithdepression.C．Hemaydeclinecognitivebehavioraltherapy.D．Hemaymissthechanceofgivingproperchildcare.Text2Whatwereyoulikeasateenager?Iwasanightmare.Iwasrudetomyparents,alwaysstayedoutlate,neverdidmyhomework,hungoutwiththewrongpeopleandmadelotsofbaddecisions.Apparently,thisistheagewhenteenagersareoutofcontrolandbehavebadly.Maybe，ifyou’reateenagernow,youthinkthisisunfaircriticismorit’snotyourfault.Well,youmightberight!Expertshavefoundthatit’sateenager’sbrainthatistoblame.Betweentheagesofapproximately13to19—aperiodknownasadolescence—thebrainisstilldevelopinginareasthatcontrolbehavior.Thishasaninfluenceonlearningandmultitasking(同時(shí)做多件事情),stressandmemory,sleep,addiction,anddecision-making.Forparents,theseconsequencesoftenmanifestthemselvesinavarietyofbehaviorsthattheymayhavepreviouslyblamedonhormonesorjustmoodiness(喜怒無常).Thisisquiteanewdiscovery,accordingtoProfessorSarah-JayneBlakemore,who,speakingontheBBCradioprogramTheLifeScientific,says,“whenIwasatuniversity,thedogma(教條)inthetextbookswasthatthevastmajorityofbraindevelopmentgoesoninthefirstfewyearsoflifeandnothingmuchchangesaftermid-childhood.Thatdogmaiscompletelyfalse.”AccordingtoProfessorSarah-JayneBlakemore,students’notbeingabletogettheirhomeworkdoneontimehassomethingtodowithourprefrontalcortex—that’sthepartofourbrainrightatthefront,justbehindtheforehead.Shesays,“it’sinvolvedinawholerangeofveryhigh-levelcognitive(認(rèn)知的)taskssuchasdecisionmakingandplanning—weknowthatthisregionisundergoingverylargeamountsofdevelopmentduringtheadolescentyears.”Thisisthepartofthebrain,mainlyinvolvedinplanning,and,forateenager,thishasn’tdevelopedyet.Sogettingorganizedtodotheirhomework,forexample,cancomeasabitofachallenge.IwishI’dknownaboutthisbecauseinsteadoftellingmyteacherI’dleftmyhomeworkonthebusorthatthedoghadeatenit.NowIcouldsay,“Sorrysir,mybrainisn’tdevelopedenoughforthecognitivetaskofplanningmyhomework.”1、Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Thegrowingpainsofteenagers.B．Thedogmainthetexthookswasfalse.C．Anewdiscoveryabouttheteenager’sbrain.D．Thestudents’newchallengeofdoingtheirhomework.2、Accordingtotheauthor,whyisitabitofchallengeforstudentstodotheirhomework?A．Thestudentsaremoody.B．Hormonesaretoblame.C．Thereistoomuchhomework.D．Thebrainsofthestudentshaven’tbeendeveloped.3、Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmanifestmean?A．Develop. B．Show.C．Abandon. D．Experience.4、Whatcanweknowfromthetext?A．Thevastmajorityofbraindoesn’tdevelopaftermid-childhood.B．Allofthestudentsarenightmaresforparentsduringadolescence.C．Prefrontalcortexisundergoinglargeamountsofdevelopmentduringchildhood.D．Theprefrontalcortexhassomethingtodowithmanyhigh-levelcognitivetasks.Text3Overadecadeago,scientistsalreadyrecognizedthepotentialsmartclothswithsensors(傳感器)couldimprovewell-being.Nowadaystheindustryisstartingtotargetspecifichealthconditions.Oneexampleisdiabetes.Now,SirenCarehasdevelopedaninjury-detectingsockthatcouldhelppeoplewithdiabetespreventdisability.Earlydetectionisimportantinthisprocess.Sinceskinulcers(潰瘍)areaccompaniedbyariseintemperature,studiesshowthatdetectingfootskintemperatureathomecouldsignificantlyreduceskinulcers.Basedonthis,Sirenproducedasockthatcanmeasurefoottemperatureinrealtime.What’sspecialaboutSiren’sproductisthatthesensorsexistinthefabricofthesock.Theproductispoweredby“SirenSmart”,akindofelectronicyarn(紗線).TheyweavetheyarnintoasockusingordinaryweavingmachinesandconnectthefinalproducttoaPCBbattery,whoselifetimeistwomonthsifuseddaily.Thesocksareonlyonwhenthey’reworn;theygointosleepmodewhenoff.AlldatafromthesocksissenttotheSirenappusingBluetoothtechnology,sotheusercanknowtheconditionofhis/herfeetinrealtime.Theapplicationgivesfoothealthscoresand,whennecessary,warnstheusertoadjustactivityorseeahealthcareprofessional.RanMa,thecompany’sCEO,explainsthesockcantelltheuserwhentoseeadoctor.Thesocksaremachine-washable,anddon’tneedtobecharged.Everysixmonths,theusergetsanewboxwithsevenpairsofsockstoreplacetheusedones.SirenpresentedtheirproductthisyearinLasVegasandannouncedthatthey’replanningtostartshippingtheirsocksthissummer.Moreexcitingly,Sirenisalreadyplanningfutureapplicationsthatwillgobeyonddiabetescare.Anyway,assmartclothingbecomesaccessible,you’llbegintoseethishealthtechnologybecomemorecommon.1、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph1referto?A．Theresultofthestudy.B．Theproblemwithskins.C．Thecauseofskinulcers.D．Theimportanceofearlydetection.2、WhatcanwelearnaboutSiren’ssmartsockfromthesecondparagraph?A．Itcanbecharged.B．Itissensitivetoskins.C．Itssensorscanbeseen.D．Itiscomfortabletowear.3、Whatshouldbethefunctionofthesmartsock?A．Itcuresitsuserofpossibleillness.B．Itinformsitsuserofhis/herfoothealth.C．Itassistsitsusertomakeaquickerrecovery.D．Ittestsitsuser’sphysicalstrengthinrealtime.4、Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthesmartclothingindustry?A．Ithasabrightfuture.B．Itisaprofitableindustry.C．Itisreadilyavailable.D．Ithaswidelyapplied.Text4BillieHarrieswasanAmericanfighterpilotwhofoughttoliberateFrancefromtheNazis.HewasshotdownandkilledinJulyof1944overNazi-occupiednorthernFrance.Duetoaseriesofmiscommunications,thatinformationnevergotbacktohiswifePeggy.Asfarassheknew,Billwasjustmissing.Shewaited,shesaid,“Allofmylife.”Peggymightneverhaveknownthetruestoryifarelativehadn’tlookedintohismilitaryrecordsafewyearsago.Shefinallygotherlocalcongressman（議員）toreopenhiscasein2011.ShewasshockedtolearnthatinthetownofLesVentes,themainroadisactuallycalledPlaceBillieD．Harris.It’sthesameroadtownspeoplehavebeenmarchingdownthreetimesayearfordecadestohonorhissacrifice.Billiewasabletomaintaincontroloftheplane,despitehiscondition,andavoidthevillage,91-year-oldGuySurleau,theonlywitnessstillliving,said.HegotchokedupjustmentioningBill’sname.AtfirstthetownburiedBillieintheirlocalgraveyard（墓地）andcoveredhisgravewithflowers.AfterhisbodywasmovedtotheAmericangraveyardatNormandy,thetowncontinuedtotakeflowerstohisgrave,assuminghehadnolivingrelativestodoso.Sincelearningallofthis,Peggyhasbeenmakinganannualpilgrimage（朝拜）toFrance.Shevisitsthenearbywoodswheretheplanewentdown,accompaniedbySurleau.“Iliketothinkthathewasstillconsciousenoughtoknowthatafriendstoodbyhim,”Peggysaid,standingbesideSurleauintheforest.“Andthismanisthatfriend.”1、WhatmadePeggyunawareofBillie’sdeathfordecades?A．Noaccuratenewssenttoher. B．Lettersforhersenttowrongaddress.C．Wrongdecisionmadebyherrelative. D．NopostalserviceduringWorldWarII.2、Whyhavethetownspeoplebeenmarchingthemainroadfordecades?A．Toobservethelocalcustom. B．Toshowrespecttothehero.C．Torespondtoabuildingproject. D．Tocelebratethevictoryofthewar.3、HowdidSurleaufeelwhenhetoldBillie’sstory?A．Ratherashamed. B．Quiteencouraged.C．Deeplytouched D．Greatlysurprised4、WhatcanwelearnaboutPeggy?A．Shewasinterestedinsightseeing. B．Sheremaineddevotedtoherhusband.C．ShewishedSurleautoaccompanyBillie. D．Shejudgedherlatehusbandstillconscious.PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theglobaltourismindustryisdeveloping1．(quick)In2017,itcontributedeighttrilliondollarstotheeconomy,andaccountedfor10percentofemploymentworldwideAmericansusedtobe2．biggestmoversintheindustryNowit'stheChineseLastyear,moreChinesepeople3．(travel)andspentmoremoneydoingsothananyothernationality4．middleclassesgetwealthierinemerging-market(新興市場)countries,theirtravelbudgetsgrowThenumberofIndiantravelersisalsorising,withcountrieslikeJordan,AustraliaandIsrael,5．(make)iteasierforIndianstogetvisasAlthoughonlysevenpercentofChinesecitizenshave6．(passport),by2030,ChinesetripswillaccountforaroundaquarterofallinternationaltourismThailandisthetopinternationaldestinationforChinesetravelersMexicoisthenumberone7．(choose)forAmericanpeopleEuropeans,meanwhile,tendtostayinEurope,accountingforaround90percentofnights8．(spend)bytouristsintheEUTourismisincreasinginmostareasoftheworld,9．oneremarkableexceptionTravelbansonpeoplefromMuslimcountries,morevisachecksanda10．(strong)dollarhavemadetheUnitedStateslesspopularwithinternationalvisitorsSpringiscomingEverythingiswakingfromitswintersleepThefields1．(dress)inafreshrobeofgreenThewildflowersbegintopeepforth(隱隱露出)Birdssingamongthetrees,andbegintogettheirnestsready2．summerMenarenowsowingseedsinthefieldsThedaysare3．(warm),forbrightersunshinehascomeagainEverythingisfulloflifeandjoySectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)閱讀下列應(yīng)用文及相關(guān)信息，并按照要求匹配信息。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上將對(duì)應(yīng)題號(hào)的相應(yīng)選項(xiàng)字母涂黑。首先，請(qǐng)閱讀下列六本書籍的圖片及相應(yīng)簡介：A．EverybodyLovesOurTown：AnOralHistoryofGrungeByMarkYarmCrownArchetype592pp;$25.00B．ThePsychopathTest:AJourneyThroughtheMadnessIndustryByJonRonsonRiverhead；288pp;$25.95C．TheRedMarket:OntheTrailoftheWorld’sOrganBrokers，BoneThieves，BloodFarmers,andChildTraffickersByScottCarneyMorrow;272pp;$25.99D．CarGuysvs.BeanCounters：TheBattlefortheSoulofAmericanBusinessByBobLutzPortfolio;256pp;$26.95E.HenryKissingerOnChinaByHenryKissingerPenguinPress;608pp;$36F.Biopunk：DIYScientistsHacktheSoftwareofLifeByMarcusWohlsenCurrent;256pp;$25.95以下是對(duì)這些書的描述。請(qǐng)將這些描述與書籍的圖片及相應(yīng)簡介匹配起來。1、AccordingtoJonRonson,thewriterofthebook,psychopathsareverycharming,