初中英語(yǔ) 句式 課件

1.定語(yǔ)從句：修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后。（一）定義2.先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞稱為先行詞。3.關(guān)系詞：

引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞稱為關(guān)系詞,可分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞.關(guān)系詞主要有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞主要有:that,which,who,whom,whose,as等關(guān)系副詞有:when,where,why關(guān)系詞通常有下列三個(gè)作用：A.引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；B.代替先行詞；C.在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。

例如:Thepersonwhoisshaking

handswithmyteacherisapoliceman.（二）關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.who

用以指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中用作主語(yǔ)。①Thestudentswhoareplaying

basketballarefromClassTwo.②Thosewho

wanttogotothe

museummustsignyournamehere.2.whom用以指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中做極物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ),?？墒÷?。例如:MrsLiuisthewoman(whom)

youtalkedabouton

thebus.

Maryisjustthegirl(whom)

Iwanttosee.Theperson(whom)

youare

waitingforhascome.Thestudent(whom)

theteacher

oftenpraisesisourmonitor.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中?？捎脀ho

來(lái)代替，也可省略。Thewoman(whom/who)

youmetjustnowismyEnglishteacher.3.which指代事物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常可省略。例如:Basketballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.Thefactorywhichmakesbikesisfarawayfromhere.

4．that指代人時(shí)，相當(dāng)于who或whom；指代事物時(shí)，相當(dāng)于which,在定語(yǔ)從句中用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷?。Thenumberofpeoplethat/who

cometothiscityeachyearreachesonemillion.再如:Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?Thepersonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisverykind.Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)。①I(mǎi)visitedascientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.

②Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.注意：指物時(shí)，常用下列結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)代替.Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.（三）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazine(which/that)youaskedfor.TomorrowI’llbringherethemagazineforwhichyouasked.

注意：1.含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開(kāi)，介詞仍放在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面。如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.２.若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)只可用whom，不可用who,that；關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)只可用which，不可用that。關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbour.３.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前還可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.（四）關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1.when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothisschool.Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallyarrived.2.where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。①ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.③Ivisitedthefarmwherealotofcowswereraised.②ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.3.why

指原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.Thereasonwhyhewaspunishedisunknowntous.Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常可以用“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示。

Fromtheyearswhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoprimaryschoolinthecountryhehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup.（五）限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句A.限制性定語(yǔ)從句形式上不用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開(kāi)。用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開(kāi)。意義上是先行詞不可缺少的定語(yǔ)，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達(dá)不完整。B.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，如刪除，主句仍能表達(dá)完整的意思。譯法上譯成先行詞的定語(yǔ)“…的”通常譯成主句的并列句。

關(guān)系詞的使用上A．作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略B．不可省略C．可用that

D．不用thatE．可用who

代替whomF．不可用who

代替whom注意區(qū)分下列幾組句子的不同含義：1.Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她那當(dāng)兵的哥哥總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué).（意含：她還有其他哥哥。）Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她哥哥是當(dāng)兵的，他總是鼓勵(lì)她上大學(xué)。（意含：她只有一個(gè)哥哥。）（一）限制性定語(yǔ)從句中只能用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況1.當(dāng)先行詞是everything,anything,nothing(something除外),all,none,few,little,some等代詞時(shí)，或當(dāng)先行詞受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代詞修飾時(shí)。注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who，Allthegueststhat/whowereinvitedtoherweddingwereimportantpeople.Anymanthat/whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.2.當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.4．當(dāng)先行詞被thevery,theonly修飾時(shí)。ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowns.注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，通常用關(guān)系代詞who。WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.5.當(dāng)先行詞前面有who,which等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí)。Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?6.當(dāng)先行詞為人與動(dòng)物或人與物時(shí)。TheytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschoolLookatthemanandhisdonkeythatarewalkingupthestreet.

（二）關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其用法有相同之處，也有不同之處。具體情況是

1.as和which都可以在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，代表前面整個(gè)句子。2.as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至還可以分割主句。which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只可放在主句之后。另外，as常常有“正如、正像”的含義。Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.注意：當(dāng)主句和從句之間存在著邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，關(guān)系詞往往只用which。如：Tomwaslateforschoolagainandagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.Thesetablesaremadeofmetal,whichmadethemveryheavy.3.當(dāng)先行詞受such,thesame修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞常用as。I’veneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.

ThisisthesamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.注意：當(dāng)先行詞受thes