高中英語句子成分分析1方

句子的構(gòu)成

英語詞性的分類

詞類又叫詞性，英語單詞根據(jù)其在句子中的功用，可以分成十個(gè)大類。1.名詞nounn.student學(xué)生2.代詞pronounpron.you你3.形容詞adjectiveadj.happy高興的4.副詞adverbadv.quickly迅速地5.動(dòng)詞verbv.cut砍、割

6.數(shù)詞numeralnum.three三7.冠詞articleart.a一個(gè)8.介詞prepositionprep.at在...9.連詞conjunctionconj.and10.感嘆詞interjectioninterj.oh哦

前六類叫實(shí)詞，后四類叫虛詞。1名詞的格所有格表示所有關(guān)系，修飾另一名詞，作定語。

①在名詞詞尾加’s；(有生命)

②“名詞+of+名詞”(無生命)Exercise:1.Mr.Black的辦公室2.兩個(gè)星期的暑假3.母親節(jié)4.這座城市的環(huán)境5.那個(gè)房間的窗戶6.一個(gè)關(guān)于友誼的故事Mr.Black’sofficetwoweeks’summervacationMother’sDaytheenvironmentofthecitythewindowoftheroomastoryoffriendshipExercise:2請(qǐng)分析下列名詞的修飾語

1.awonderfultrip2.sportsclothes3.abookonthedesk

Weliveinthewonderfullyenvironment.(改錯(cuò)）

形容詞修飾名詞名詞修飾名詞介詞短語修飾名詞第二類：冠詞1.不定冠詞a/an泛指2.定冠詞the特指a/an的用法____eraser/egg/interstingbook/Englishclub/avtivity____university/usefulbook

___umbrella____hour____honestboy____uglyman單句改錯(cuò)1（2016全國卷二）Butinthatcase，wewilllearnlittleaboutworld.2(2017全國卷二）Theylivefarfromtheschool,andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.第三類：代詞1.人稱代詞2.物主代詞3.反身代詞4不定代詞

1.人稱代詞主格作主語賓格作(動(dòng)詞或介詞的）賓語1Heoftenhelps_____(我們）withEnglish.2Doingexerciseisgoodfor_____(他們）3我們是中國人。他們是德國人形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞myouryouryourhishertheir根據(jù)句意，用括號(hào)中所給代詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1--Isthis____watch?--No,itisnot____.(she)2--Therearetworulersonthedesk.Whichoneis____?(you)--____rulerisred.Theredoneis____.(I)3--Whosepenisit?IsitMike’s?--Yes,itis____.(he)herhersyoursMyminehis名詞性質(zhì)的物主代詞,等于形容詞性的物主代詞加上它所要修飾的名詞。

1Therearetworulersonthedesk.Whichoneis____?(you)--____rulerisred.Theredoneis____.(I)2Tomisafriendofme.(改錯(cuò)）3--Whosepenisit?IsitMike’s?--Yes,itis____.(he)

3.反身代詞

第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimself;herself;itself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesg.Thelittleboycandresshimselfnow.(作賓語)eg.Thegirlinthepictureismyself.(作表語)eg.Maryherselfworkedouttheproblem.(作同位語)【技法點(diǎn)金】(1)人稱代詞的分類二、語法填空:1.Heisagoodfriendof_______(I).2.Mydaughterisastallas_____(she)father.

3.Let____(we)help_____(you)with_______(you)English.

4.Theirclassroomisbiggerthan_______(we).

5.Themanfelloffhisbikeandhurt________(he).6.Theysayto_____________(they),“wecan’tdoitby_______________(we)”.

當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練mineherusyouyourourshimselfthemselvesourselves1(2016·全國卷Ⅱ)Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenyourviewandgainknowledgewecannotgetfrombooks. ()2(2016·全國卷Ⅲ)Atfirst,IthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbyyourself.()your→ouryourself→myself3(2016·四川高考)Whenhecameback,Ifoundabunchofflowersinherhand. ()4(2015·浙江高考)Closetotheschooltherewasabeautifulparkwithmanytreesaroundthem.()her→histhem→it①theother指兩者中的另一個(gè),表示特指。②other作前置定語,修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),不可單獨(dú)使用,表示泛指,意為“另外的,其他的”。③others泛指“其他人”或“其他物”,常用結(jié)構(gòu):some...others...;而theothers表示特定范圍中的“另外的全部”。④another泛指同類的人或物,指三者或三者以上的另一個(gè),可單獨(dú)使用或在其后加可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)代詞other、theother、another，others的區(qū)別other表示“別的”，“另外的”，只能與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用=others①SomestudentslikeEnglishand_________/_________likeGerman.有些學(xué)生喜歡英語，有些學(xué)生喜歡德語2Ihavetwopens.Oneisblue，and_______isblack.我有兩枝鋼筆。一支是藍(lán)色的，另一支是黑色的3.Thisshirtistoolargeforme.Pleaseshowme_________(另一個(gè)）4theothers意思是“其他東西，其余的人”。特指某一范圍內(nèi)的“其他的（人或物）”。是theother的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Twoboyswillgotothezoo,andtheotherswillstayathome.單句改錯(cuò)(1)Some?children?like?apples,?andothers?children?like?bananas.(2)We?have?two?hands.?One?is?on?the?left,?and?other?is?on?the?right.（3）IwaslearningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.(改錯(cuò)）

第四類：形容詞

1形容詞的功能(1)作定語eg.ProfessorLigaveusaninterestinglecture.(2)作表語eg.WhileIwasinschool,Ifeltveryhomesick.(3)作補(bǔ)足語eg.Ifindthebookveryinteresting.(4)作狀語eg.Hungryandtired,Ihadtostoptohavearest.2形容詞的位置(1)前置定語：置于名詞前

形容詞作定語一般位于名詞前interestingbooks,wonderfulweather(2)后置定語：置于名詞后Ihavesomethinginterestingtotellyou.excited和exciting的區(qū)別單句改錯(cuò)1Themusicsoundnicely.2Ifoundthestoryboringly.3Hiswordsmademeangrily.4Wehadagreatlytimeonweekends.(1)比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成than

一般加-er和-esthighlargethinhappy

goodbad其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，詞前加more/most高考直通車②Ofthetwodigitalcameras,Iwouldpreferthe__________(small)one,whichisveryeasyformetocarry.③Theolderyougrow,the_______(wise)you’llbecome.4Theybecomeweakerandweakerinsteadofgettingstrong.(改錯(cuò)）

smallerwiser第五類：副詞副詞的功能副詞通常用來修飾形容詞，動(dòng)詞，副詞和整個(gè)句子1_____(luck),hesurvivedfromtheearthquake.2Weshouldlistentotheteachercarefulinclass.3Iamrealtired.(單句改錯(cuò)）4Wewereterribleworried.

第六類：介詞和介詞短語①介詞與名詞的常用搭配（at/on/by/in/outof/under/with/beyond+n.）atwork,onfire,byaccident介賓結(jié)構(gòu)aboutfor1去游泳怎么樣2謝謝你幫助我學(xué)英語3習(xí)慣于1Toour_____(amaze),hewasadmittedintoakeyuniversity.2Mostofthestudentsare_____(disappoint)attheresultoftheEnglishexam.第七類：數(shù)詞1.基數(shù)詞2.序數(shù)詞3.數(shù)詞的句法功能

基數(shù)詞一到十二

one,two.three,four,five.six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve十三到十九thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen二十到九十twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninet序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞一般由與之相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞加-th構(gòu)成。（前三個(gè)序數(shù)詞除外）序數(shù)詞第一列第二列第三列第四列1stfirst2ndsecond3rdthird4thfourth5thfifth11theleventh12thtwelfth13ththirteenth14thfourteenth15thfifteenth20thtwentieth30ththirtieth40thfortieth50thfiftieth60thsixtieth基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)，-th要在結(jié)尾處；一二三真特殊，八去t，九去e；f要把ve替，y換成ie，結(jié)尾別忘-th假如碰到幾十幾，個(gè)位變序就可以。巧記基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞（2）序數(shù)詞的用法①序數(shù)詞前一般要加定冠詞the或代詞。Thefirstchair②序數(shù)詞前加the表示“第幾”，若在前加不定冠詞a/a則表示“又一,再一”asecondtime3序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞,指示代詞或名詞所有格時(shí),不再用定冠詞。I’llneverforgetmyfirstlesson.Exercise:完成下列語法填空1.TherearetwelvemonthinayearandDecemberisthe______(twelve)month.2.Ifyoufail,don’tbediscouraged;tryit_____secondtime.3.Amongthethreecountries,Chinaranks_____secondinthematch.4Tomorrowismyeighteenbirthday.復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間表示方法一、時(shí)間的表達(dá)方式1．直接表達(dá)法。即先讀小時(shí)，再讀分鐘如：4：10讀成

8：36讀成2．逆讀法。即先讀分鐘，再讀小時(shí)①分鐘小于30的用“past”，中文譯為“過”。即分鐘+past+時(shí)鐘，中文譯為“幾點(diǎn)過幾分”如：5:10（5點(diǎn)過10分）讀成

2:02（2點(diǎn)過2分）讀成fourteneightthirty-sixtenpastfivetwopasttwo②分鐘超過30（不包括30分鐘）用“to”（中文譯為“差”）即“60-分鐘數(shù)+to+鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)+1”（中文譯為：幾點(diǎn)差幾分）如：7：45（八點(diǎn)差15分）讀成

1：58（兩點(diǎn)差2分）讀成3．半小時(shí)用“half”,一刻鐘用“quarter”。注意：一刻鐘aquarter三刻鐘threequarters

如：4:30讀成

9:45讀成

aquartertotentwototwohalfpastfourfifteentoeight特別注意：一個(gè)半小時(shí)的表達(dá)方式：one/anhourandahalfoneandahalfhoursCanyoureadthem?1:302:15:3:456:387:259:50onethirtyhalfpastonetwofifteenaquarter/fifteenpasttwothreeforty-fiveaquarter/fifteentofoursixthirty-eighttwenty-twotoseventwentyfivepastsevenseventwenty-fivetentotenninefifty三年半的兩種表達(dá)方式:threeyearsandahalfthreeandahalfyears第八類：連詞和感嘆詞1.并列連詞

1.并列連詞①表遞進(jìn)或順承and,notonly…butalso…,both…and…②表轉(zhuǎn)折but,yet③表選擇or,either…or…,not…but…④表因果so,for⑤表對(duì)比whilewhen也作并列連詞,常用下列句式：bedoing…when…,beabouttodo…when…,hadjustdone…when…Exercise:完成下列練習(xí)1.BothTomandMike____(be)interestedinreadingbooks.2.NotonlyIbutalsoshe_____(like)playingjokesonothers.3.Iwasabouttosetoff_____itsuddenlybegantorain.4.JanesaidthatshewasillandIsawherinthestreetjustnow.(改錯(cuò))第九類：動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語1.動(dòng)詞的分類2.動(dòng)詞分類詳解3.動(dòng)詞的基本形式4.動(dòng)詞短語

1.動(dòng)詞的分類①實(shí)義動(dòng)詞（不及物動(dòng)詞,及物動(dòng)詞,可作及物和不及物的）②連系動(dòng)詞（后加表語）③助動(dòng)詞④情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（與動(dòng)詞原形連用）2.動(dòng)詞分類詳解（1）實(shí)義動(dòng)詞①不及物動(dòng)詞：不能跟賓語dancecomediedisappeararrivegohappen②及物動(dòng)詞：能跟賓語borrowadmitforgetinventgivebuyread(2)連系動(dòng)詞感官類狀態(tài)類似乎類變化類feel/lookbe/keepseem/lookget/grow（3）助動(dòng)詞do/does/didhavewill/would/shall(4)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Exercises:請(qǐng)把下列名詞分類。agree,apologize,feel,will,seem,promise,educate,did,would,remain,keep,hear,forget實(shí)義動(dòng)詞連系動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞3.動(dòng)詞的基本形式（1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)①一般動(dòng)詞加-s;graduate-graduates②以-s,-ch,-sh,-o結(jié)尾的加-es;finish-finishescatch-catchesdo-does③以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,變y為ies.study-studiesapply-applies1Iwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.2Someclassmatessuggestwecangotoplacesofinterestnearby.3Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtakingatrip.4Whensummercame,theywillbehappy.5Tomyamaze,theygavemeaumbrella.6Theyareonthethreefloor.句子成分主語subject謂語predicate賓語object表語predicative賓補(bǔ)complement定語attribute狀語adverbial同位語appositive1.

I

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主語↓謂語↓定語↓賓語↓同位語↓狀語六種基本句型Heismyfriend.S+V+P主+系+表Hearrived(attheschol).S+V主+謂Helikesfootball.S+V+O主+謂+賓Hegavemeafootball.S+V+IO+O主+謂+間賓+直賓Theenewsmademeupset.S+V+O+C主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)SVPSVSVOSVOIOSVOC㈠主語Janeisgoodat______(彈鋼琴）.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.主語:可以作主語的成分有名詞,主格代詞,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)名詞等等。主語一般在句首。名詞主格代詞數(shù)詞動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)名詞the+形容詞主語句子主語(Subject)表示句子說的是“什么人”或“什么事”通常由名詞、代詞、主語從句或動(dòng)名詞短語等充當(dāng)那個(gè)德國人喜歡彈鋼琴過去的30年里，中國發(fā)生了巨大的變化

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainthepastthirtyyears.Takeexerciseisgoodforourhealthy.（單句改錯(cuò)）Walkthedogintheeveningishishabit.(單句改錯(cuò)）2.謂語(Predicate)

說明主語“做什么”

“是什么”或“怎么樣”通常由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語結(jié)合時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣等充當(dāng)弄清兩個(gè)概念：

vt:及物動(dòng)詞

后面直接接賓語的動(dòng)詞

vi:不及物動(dòng)詞后面不能直接接賓語的動(dòng)詞

1Youwillignorethebell.

2Hewentthroughtoomuchdifficultyinthepast.

很多中國人每天練習(xí)講英語我同意你的觀點(diǎn)

那個(gè)美國人按時(shí)到中國了太陽東升西落謂語:簡(jiǎn)單謂語由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組構(gòu)成,一般在主語之后。Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.復(fù)合謂語由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shehasfinishedthehomework.（三）賓語賓語是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語來擔(dān)任，它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說明主語做什么。一般放在謂語之后。●Ilikemyjob.●Iloveyou.●Hewantedtoleavehere.●Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.●Heaskedwherehewas.（三）賓語賓語：動(dòng)作的接受者，一般在謂語后面名詞賓格代詞不定式動(dòng)名詞句子Addupallyourscore.Youwanttoseeaveryinterestingfilm.1

Sheisusedto_____(get)upearlyeveryday2他喜歡聽音樂3Thankyoufor_____(help)mewithmyGermany.說明1：賓語是及物動(dòng)詞涉及到的人或物，賓語一般放在及物動(dòng)詞之后。介詞后面的名詞或代詞或動(dòng)名詞，稱為介詞賓語。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞常在句中做動(dòng)詞賓語或介詞賓語。另外，動(dòng)詞不定式可作動(dòng)詞賓語；動(dòng)名詞和賓語從句也可用作動(dòng)詞賓語。說明2：及物動(dòng)詞作謂語時(shí)，后面要跟賓語。賓語分直接賓語和間接賓語。直接賓語是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象，直接賓語指物，間接賓語通常是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所及的人，間接賓語指人。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語之前。不是所有的及物動(dòng)詞都可以用雙賓語。有的動(dòng)詞可以跟。如：give,show（給……看），bring,buy,offer等。e.g.（1）Ourteachertellsusastory.（2）Thesungivesuslight.

(1)Igivehimabook.改成：

(2)Hepassesmethebook.改成：

(3)Hewillbuymesomebooks.改成：

(4)Sheofferedmeabrochure.改成：Igiveabooktohim.Hepassesthebooktome.Hewillbuysomebooksforme.(四)賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語:

位于賓語之后對(duì)賓語作出說明的成分。Ifoundthebookinteresting.DoyouhearTomsinging?Hemadehimselfunderstood.Sheaskedmetolendherahand.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.Pleasekeepthedogout.WecallhimTom..形容詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞動(dòng)詞不定式介詞短語副詞名詞課本句子在再現(xiàn)(P1）Hebrokeitandyouhadtogetitrepaired.Youdon'tlethimlookatyourpaper.Yourfriendaskyourparenttohelphimcheatintheexam.

但常用的英語句子并不都象基本句型這樣簡(jiǎn)短，除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語可以是單詞（adj./adv./num.數(shù)詞）、短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語）。我們稱之為：定語、狀語補(bǔ)語Thelittleboyneedsabluepen.四表語：

表語是用來說明主語的身份、特征或狀態(tài)的,由名詞，形容詞，副詞，介詞短語，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，短語，或者從句充當(dāng)．一般用在be動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞之后。常見的連系動(dòng)詞1be動(dòng)詞2表示感覺的動(dòng)詞5個(gè)---必須翻譯為…起來feel

smell

taste

sound

look

3表示變化的動(dòng)詞6個(gè)：get

grow

become

turn

go

come4表示狀態(tài)保持：stay

keep

remainIamateacher.Theleavesturnyellow

inautumn.Everybodyishere.

Theyareathome

now.MyjobistoteachEnglish.Seeingisbelieving.Thequestioniswhyweshouldputoffthemeeting.單句改錯(cuò)Thecaketastesnicely.Thestorysoundinterestingly.Theteacheraskedthestudentstokeepcalmly.但常用的英語句子并不都象基本句型這樣簡(jiǎn)短，除了基本句型的成分不變外，通常是在這些成分的前面或后面增加一些修飾語而加以擴(kuò)大。這些修飾語可以是單詞（adj./adv./num.數(shù)詞）、短語（主要是介詞短語、不定式短語和分詞短語）。我們稱之為：定語、狀語補(bǔ)語Thelittleboyneedsabluepen.(五)定語定語用來修飾名詞或代詞．由形容詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，名詞，介詞短語，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，分詞，從句充當(dāng)Heisacleverboy.Theyarebuildingastonebridge.Thereare54studentsinourclass.DoyouknownBetty’ssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.Thegirlinredishissister.(形容詞)(名詞)(數(shù)詞)(名詞的所有格)(動(dòng)名詞)(現(xiàn)在分詞)(過去分詞)過去的30年里，中國發(fā)生了巨大的變化GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainthepastthirtyyears.我最喜歡的科目是英語我想看一部有趣的電影（六）狀語用于修飾形容詞,副詞,動(dòng)詞,介詞短語或句子.可表示時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),原因,結(jié)果,目的,方式,伴隨,條件,程度,讓步,頻率等.Iwillbebacksoon.ThisbookisveryinterestingHealwayscomeslatetoschool.Theyareplayingontheplayground.HeoftenwenttoschoolbybusHewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillnessHegotupsolate，anxious..

副詞介詞短語形容詞

1Iamrealtired.2Lucky,hepassedtheexam.3Hefinisheddoinghishomeworkquick.記住副詞的作用八、同位語同位語當(dāng)兩個(gè)指同一事物的句子成分放同等位置時(shí),一個(gè)句子成分用來說明和解另一個(gè)句子成分,這個(gè)句子成分就叫做它的同位語。Westudentsshouldstudyhard.

(students是we的同位語,都是指同一批“學(xué)生”)Weallarestudents.

(all是we的同位語,都指同樣的“我們”)

Thefactthatwewonthegameisexciting.同位語從句同位語:名/代詞后；修飾，限定，說明；名詞/代詞做同位語我們學(xué)生應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。

Tom,我的朋友之一，上周出國了。

Westudentsshouldfocusonstudy.Tom,oneofmybestfriends,wentabroadlastweek.Itisimportantfor_____(we)studentstostudyhard.ThefactthathefailedsurprisedusWordcamethathewasbeaten.句子成分練習(xí)：一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedme

thenewspaper.3.Ishallanswer

yourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5Hisjobistotrainswimmers.6.Hetookmanyphotosofthepalaces

inBeijing.7ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilm

tonight.8Thereasonisthatpricesofhousesgoup.9.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.10.Hemanaged

tofinishtheworkintime.11.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.12.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.13.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?14.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.主語謂語表語狀語真正的賓語形式賓語插入語表語賓語定語16.Wouldyoupleasetellme

youraddress?17.Hesatthere,

readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.賓語狀語狀語形式主語表語賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語表語賓語補(bǔ)足語1所有的新同學(xué)到了新的學(xué)校2我們的父母總是關(guān)心我們的健康和學(xué)習(xí)3那個(gè)德國人故意打翻了一個(gè)杯子4他給我看他的新照片（show）5這個(gè)消息使這個(gè)美國人很開心翻譯下列句子并指出句子成分1我盼望收到你的回信。（賓語）2定期鍛煉有益于健康。（主語）3天氣變得越來越熱。（表語）

4我有很多工作要處理。（定語）5他總是第一個(gè)回答問題的學(xué)生。（定語）6他發(fā)現(xiàn)適應(yīng)(adaptto)新的環(huán)境很難。（賓補(bǔ)）7有個(gè)和尚（monk）住在廟里(therelive）（狀語）8他努力學(xué)習(xí)為了趕上其他同學(xué)（todo)（狀語）9聽到可怕的消息，我們擔(dān)心乘客的安全。（2種）狀語10Tom一個(gè)勤奮的（diligent）孩子被任命為班長(zhǎng)。同位語1我盼望收到你的回信。（賓語）I’mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.

2定期鍛煉有益于健康。（主語）Doingexerciseisbeneficialtoourhealth.3天氣變得越來越熱。（表語）Itbecomeshotterandhotter.

4我有很多工作要處理。（定語）Ihavelotsofworktohandle.5他總是第一個(gè)回答問題的學(xué)生。（定語)Heisalwaysthefirststudenttoanswerthequestions.6他發(fā)現(xiàn)適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境很難。（賓補(bǔ)）Ifinditdifficulttoadaptto(livingin)thenewsurroundings.7有個(gè)和尚（monk）住在廟里(therelive）（狀語）Therelivesamonkinthetemple.8他努力學(xué)習(xí)為了趕上其他同學(xué)（todo)（狀語）Heisabsorbedinhisstudiestocatchupwithhisclassmates.9聽到可怕的消息，我們擔(dān)心乘客的安全。（2種）狀語Whenheheardtheterriblenews,wewereanxiousaboutthepassengers’safety.Hearingtheterriblenews10Tom一個(gè)勤奮的（diligent）孩子被任命為班長(zhǎng)。同位語Tom,adiligentboywasappointedasmonitor.

Tom,whoisadiligentboywasappointedasmonitorPractice1Iknowheconcentratesonhisstudyand______hehas

madegreatprogressinEnglish.2Iamanxiousabout_____weshoulddonext.

英語句子的類型簡(jiǎn)單句并列句復(fù)合句只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)一個(gè)主句加一個(gè)或幾個(gè)從句二.五種簡(jiǎn)單基本句型主語+謂語+賓語主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞主語+系+表語主語+謂語Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecarcaughtfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.1）Ourcity

is

atthecrossingofsomeimportantrailways.

主語系動(dòng)詞表語

2）Thecity

willbecome

rich.

主語系動(dòng)詞表語在這類結(jié)構(gòu)中最常用的系動(dòng)詞是：“變化”類：______________________________________________.“感官”類:______________________________________________.“持續(xù)”類：___________________________________________.

其他：（似乎）_______________(證明是)_________get/become/turn/grow/gotaste/smell/feel/look/soundstay/keep/remain/beseemappearturnout/prove(tobe)1．主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語單句改錯(cuò)1Yourstorysoundedveryinterestingly.2Putthefishintofridge,ortheywillgobadly.3Studyhard,youwillsucceed.2．主語+謂語1）Building

hasstarted.

主語謂語2）Thetrain

leavesat7:40.

主語謂語

搭配：Theteacherteacheswell.Thechildwalksveryslowly.

搭配：Thegirllookedatthepicture.Thechildrenrantotheforest.動(dòng)詞副詞動(dòng)詞介詞1EverydayIgetupearly,walktotheparkand____(sit)onthebench.Exercise我每天起的很早，走到小花園，坐在凳子上。小鳥在樹上歡快的歌唱，魚兒在池塘里自由的嬉戲，我玩得也高興.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.EverydayIgetupearly,walktotheparkandsitonthebench.Thebirdssingshappilyinthetree,thefishplaysfreelyinthepoolandIalsoenjoysmyself.3．主語+謂語+賓語1）Theboss

employed

fivemoreworkers.2）Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.3）Fewstudentsliketakingexams.4）Heforgottoclosethedoor.5）IhopeIcanspeakEnglishfluently.謂語主語賓語Exercise他因?yàn)檐囎娱_得太快而違反了交通規(guī)則。___________________________________.他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快將其喝光。___________________________________.他許諾給我一個(gè)禮物。___________________________________.Hedrovesofastthathebrokethetrafficrules.Hetookoutabeeranddrankitupquickly.Hepromisedtogivemeagift.4．主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語1）He

hasfetched

us

somenewtextbooks.

主語謂語間接賓語直接賓語2）Grandma

cooked

us

anicemeal.

主語謂語間接賓語直接賓語

3）Themantoldthegirlthathewantstotestherthesubject.4）TheboyaskedmeifIcouldspeakChinese.可接雙賓語的常見動(dòng)詞有：ask,answer,give,offer,send,bring,pass,tell,show,teach,buy,promise

順便問一下，她把錢付給你了嗎？_____________________________.下學(xué)期誰教你們生物？_____________________________.Mr.White告訴我為什么他要出國。_____________________________.Bytheway,hasshepaidyoumoney?Whowillteachyoubiology?Mr.Whitetoldmewhyhewentabroad.Exercise他因?yàn)檐囎娱_得太快而違反了交通規(guī)則。___________________________________.他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快將其喝光。___________________________________.他許諾給我一個(gè)禮物。___________________________________.Hedrovesofastthathebrokethetrafficrules.Hetookoutabeeranddrankitupquickly.Hepromisedtogivemeagift.5主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語1）Thevillagers

didn’tallow

them

todothis.

主語謂語賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語

2）Iwillkeeptheboxintheshade.3）Wefoundhimaverygoodpupil.4）Sheletmestayinthecompany.Exercise他總是把他的臥室收拾得干干凈凈。______________________________________.我建議他多讀點(diǎn)書。__________________________________________.

他修了機(jī)器。__________________________________________.我們選他當(dāng)班長(zhǎng)。__________________________________________.HealwayskeepshisroomcleanIsuggesthimreadingmorebooks.Hehadhismachinerepaired.Wemadehimmonitor.分析下列句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.7.Iloveyoumorethanher,child.8.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grammertoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching.13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.15.Atlasthegothome,tiredandhungry.基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖi（主＋謂）

此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，即句子的謂語動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。Heliveshere.Thesunrisesintheeast.Wetalkedandlaughedhappily.Ｓ│

Ｖ（不及物動(dòng)詞）1.Thesun│wasshining.太陽在照耀著。2.Themoon│rose.月亮升起了。3.Theuniverse│remains.宇宙長(zhǎng)存。4.Weall│breathe,eat,anddrink.我們大家都呼吸、吃和喝。5.Who│cares?管它呢？6.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.他所講的沒有什么關(guān)系。7.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.

他們談了半個(gè)小時(shí)。8.Thepenwritessmoothly這支筆書寫流利。│││語法填空1Ihavealotwork______(do).2.Theman_____(talk)withmeismymathteacher.3Thebuilding______(build)lastyearwasverysplendid.基本句型二：ＳＶＯ（主＋謂＋賓）此句型句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：謂語動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟有一個(gè)賓語，即動(dòng)作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動(dòng)詞叫做及物動(dòng)詞。賓語位于及物動(dòng)詞之后，一般同主語構(gòu)成一樣，不同的是構(gòu)成賓語的代詞必須是‘代詞賓格’，如：me，him，them等基本句型二：Ｓ+Ｖt

+O（主＋謂+賓語）

1.Who│knows│theanswer?誰知道答案？2.She│smiled│herthanks.她微笑表示感謝。3.He│enjoys│reading.他喜歡看書。4.Theyatewhatwasleftover.

他們吃了剩飯。5.Hesaid"Goodmorning."

他說："早上好！"││││1.Thesun

rose.2.Whocares?3.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.4.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.5.Whoknowstheanswer?6.Hehasrefusedtohelpthem.7.Heenjoysreading.8.Hesaid"Goodmorning."9.Headmittedthathewaswrong.基本句型三：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)：句子謂語動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做連系動(dòng)詞。系動(dòng)詞分兩類：be,look,keep,seem等屬一類，表示情況；get,grow,become,turn等屬另一類，表示變化。be本身沒有什么意義,只起連系主語和表語的作用。其它系動(dòng)詞仍保持其部分詞義。感官動(dòng)詞多可用作聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞：lookwell/面色好,soundnice/聽起來不錯(cuò),feelgood/感覺好，smellbad/難聞基本句型二：Ｓ│Ｖ(是系動(dòng)詞)│Ｐ(表語)1.This

is

anEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinner

smells

good.3.He

fell

inlove.4.Everything

looks

different.5.He

isgrowing

tallandstrong.6.Ourwell

hasgone

dry.7.Hisface

turned

red.

基本句型四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語，如：give給，pass遞，bring帶，show顯示。這兩個(gè)賓語通常一個(gè)指人，為間接賓語；一個(gè)指物，為直接賓語。間接賓語一般位于直接賓語之前。一般的順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語。如：Givemeacupoftea,please.強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語順序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞+直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語。如：ShowthishousetoMr.Smith.賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語指物,間接賓語指人.Hegaveme

somebooks.↓間接賓語↓直接賓語●Pleasepassme

thebook.●Hebought

me

someflowers.Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│ｏ（多指人）│Ｏ（多指物）1.She│ordered│herself│anewdress.

她給自己定了一套新衣裳。2.She│cooked│herhusband│adeliciousmeal.她給丈夫煮了一頓美餐。3.He│brought│you│adictionary.

他給你帶來了一本字典。4.He│denies│her│nothing.

他對(duì)她什么都不拒絕。5.Ishowedhimmypictures.

我給他看我的照片6.Igavemycarawash.

我洗了我的汽車。││││││基本句型五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）此句型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞，但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語，才能使意思完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語：位于賓語之后對(duì)賓語作出說明的成分。名詞/代詞賓格+名詞Thewarmadehimasoldier.

戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)使他成為一名戰(zhàn)士.名詞/代詞賓格+形容詞Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.

新方法使這項(xiàng)工作變得輕松.名詞/代詞賓格+介詞短語Ioftenfindhimatwork.

我經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)他在工作.名詞/代詞賓格+動(dòng)詞不定式Theteacheraskthestudentstoclosethewindows.

老師讓學(xué)生們關(guān)上窗戶.名詞/代詞賓格+分詞Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad.

我看見一只貓跑過了馬路.Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│Ｏ（賓語）│Ｃ（賓補(bǔ)）1.They│appointed│him│manager.

他們?nèi)蚊?dāng)經(jīng)理。2.They│painted│thedoor│green.

他們把門漆成綠色3.This│set│them│thinking.

這使得他們要細(xì)想一想。4.They│found│thehouse│deserted.

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那房子無人居住。Thegirlinredishissister.Wehaveenoughmoneytobuysomething.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?Thereisnothinginterestinginthisbook.Shewasthefirstwoman_______(win)thegoldmedalintheOlympicgames.介詞短語動(dòng)詞不定式分詞短語定語從句句子分類簡(jiǎn)單句復(fù)合句并列復(fù)合句主從復(fù)合句有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句用連詞連接而成。如：and,but,or,so等定語從句狀語從句名詞性從句由一個(gè)主語（或并列主語）和一個(gè)謂語（或并列謂語）組成的句子.eg:TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthenewspaper.由主句和從句構(gòu)成，且主從句分別有不同的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。a.ＳＶ

b.ＳＶＰ

c.ＳＶＯd.ＳＶｏＯ

e.ＳＶＯＣ

1.Pleastellusastory._______2.Shesmiled.______3.Hisjobistotrainswimmers._____4.Henoticedamanentertheroom._____5.Pleaselookatthepicture._____dabeca.ＳＶ

b.ＳＶＰ

c.ＳＶＯd.ＳＶｏＯ

e.ＳＶＯＣ

1.Pleastellusastory._______2.Shesmiled.______3.Hisjobistotrainswimmers._____4.Henoticedamanentertheroom._____5.Pleaselookatthepicture._____dabecExercises:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)Youareastudent.Hefelthappytoday.Whatyousaidmademehappy.CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEngl