第二篇第6章狀語(yǔ)從句課件

SINGLES’

DAY1Singles’

Day

falls

on

every

November

11th,and

as

the

name

indicates,

this

relatively

new

holiday

is

one

exclusively

for

peoplewho

are

still

living

the

single

life.

China

is

theonly

country

in

the

world

that

has

set

aside

aspecial

day

for

singles

to

celebrate

their

lives.23pass4Join

a

partyShopping5Surf the

internet:We

get

online

to

find

the

one

on

this

special

day

,then

go

for

blind

dates…….67Leftover

ladies

ormenspinster老姑娘89四級(jí)翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)10譯文應(yīng)該完整地再現(xiàn)原文內(nèi)容譯文應(yīng)像原文一樣流暢自然。譯文的風(fēng)格、筆調(diào)應(yīng)與原文性質(zhì)相同。翻譯三部曲111.通讀并透徹理解原文漢語(yǔ)句子，確定語(yǔ)法

成分和句型。漢語(yǔ)段落可以包含一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的主題；而英語(yǔ)段落一般只有一個(gè)主題，如往往有

一個(gè)明顯的主題句（主題句多置于句首），其他句子則層層展開，以支持主題句。122.付諸筆墨，保證拼寫無(wú)誤。人們常用剪紙美化居家環(huán)境。譯文1：People

often

make

their

homebeautifl

with

paper

cuttings.譯文2：People

often

beautify

theirhome

with

paper

cuttings.133.重新審視，確認(rèn)句法合理。重點(diǎn)檢查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)、拼寫、大小寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)、冠詞和代詞的使用以及

主謂一致等問題。14翻譯技巧15恰當(dāng)選詞

（避免過于籠統(tǒng)，選表達(dá)更確切

的詞）中英文句式之間的對(duì)應(yīng)和轉(zhuǎn)換。語(yǔ)態(tài)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換e.g.

通常中文中的主語(yǔ)過于寬泛的時(shí)候，如“

人們”、“別人”、“這”等，可以轉(zhuǎn)化成英文的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，省略原來(lái)的主語(yǔ)原文：現(xiàn)在人們必須采取措施來(lái)保護(hù)環(huán)境。

譯文：Measures

should

be

adopted/taken

toprotect

the

environment.16詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換1）名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動(dòng)詞例如：改革開放政策受到了全國(guó)人民的

擁護(hù)。譯文：The

reform

and

opening-uppolicy

is

supported

by

the

wholeChinese

people.2)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞例如：他善于觀察譯文：

He

is

a

goodobserver.173)名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成形容詞例如：

在這緊張的時(shí)刻，他感到非常害怕。

譯文：The

intensity

of

the

moment

filled

hismind

with

fear.18浙江菜Zhejiang

cuisine口味清淡，精致玲

瓏，是長(zhǎng)江下游the

lower

Yangtze

River區(qū)域菜肴的代表。西湖醋魚WestLakeVinegar

Fish是其中的一道名菜。這道菜非常酥嫩，帶著自然的清香delicaterefreshing

flavors

of

nature。中國(guó)乃至世界各地的中餐館大都能找得到這道菜，但口味往往不及在浙江杭州吃得那般正宗

authentic。因?yàn)橹挥泻贾輷碛衼?lái)自西湖的魚和水。19浙江菜Zhejiang

cuisine口味清淡，精致玲

瓏，是長(zhǎng)江下游the

lower

Yangtze

River區(qū)域菜肴的代表。Be

typical

of

sth. 是…的典型代表Zhejiang

cuisine

is

light

and

exquisite,

andis

typical

of

food

from

the

lower

reachesof/along

the

lower

Yangtze

River.20西湖醋魚West

Lake

Vinegar

Fish是其中的

一道名菜。這道菜非常酥嫩，帶著自然的清香delicate

refreshing

flavors

of

nature。哪種譯法好？West

Lake

Vinegar

Fish

is

one

of

the

mostfamous

dishes,

which

has

the

delicaterefreshing

flavors

of

nature.One

famous

dish

is

West

Lake

VinegarFish,

which

has

the

delicate

refreshingflavors

of

nature.21中國(guó)乃至世界各地的中餐館大都能找得到這道菜，但口味往往不及在浙江杭州吃得那般正宗

authentic。因?yàn)橹挥泻贾輷碛衼?lái)自西湖的魚和水。Many

Chinese

restaurants

in

China,

as

well

as

otherparts

of

the

world,

serve

this

dish,

but

often

theflavor

is

less

authentic

compared

to

that

foundinHangzhou, capital

of

Zhejiang

Province,

whichhas

unique

access

to

the

fish

and

water

of

WestLake.have

access

to

sth./sb.

接近/接觸…特別注意兩個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)，這兩個(gè)語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)不僅翻譯，

而且選詞填空中也會(huì)非?？粗亍粋€(gè)是從句，一個(gè)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。大家如果弄透了以后，在翻譯句子的時(shí)候絕對(duì)可以做得特別漂亮，這就是說，要把它當(dāng)成是語(yǔ)法題。22This

carpetkilled

the

sound

of

footsteps.地毯消除了腳步聲。人走在地毯上，一點(diǎn)兒腳步聲也沒有?！璳ills…能消除毛毯？He

led

a

rough

life

away

fromcivilization.他過著遠(yuǎn)離文明的艱苦生活。堅(jiān)苦？

We

must

learn

with

an

analytical

and

criticaleye,not

blindly.我們必須有分析、有批判地學(xué)，不能盲目地學(xué)。23教師應(yīng)當(dāng)獻(xiàn)身于教育事業(yè)。A

teacher/Teachers

should

devote

himself/themselvesto

(thecause

/careerof)education.The

teacher?省略反身代詞行不行？be

devoted

to必須勤學(xué)苦練才能掌握一種外語(yǔ)。One

must

have

studied

hard

before

one

could

succeedin

mastering

a

foreign

language.Only

by

studying

hard

could

one

succeed

in

masteringa

foreign

language.用這種方法辦，聽起來(lái)有道理。It

sounds

reasonable

to

do

it

this

way.24第二篇第6章25狀語(yǔ)從句的翻譯

P.91狀語(yǔ)從句的分類26Please

turn

off

the

light

when

you

leave

theroom.Make

a

mark

where

you

have

any

doubts

orquestions.Her

hands

were

rough

because

she

did

washingall

day

long.(She

did

washing

all

day

longso…)We

will

go

out

if

the

rainstops.I

still

think

that

you

made

a

mistake

while

Iadmit

what

yousay.You

should

start

off

early

so

that

you

may

seethe

sunrise

in

time.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句原因狀語(yǔ)從句條件狀語(yǔ)從句讓步狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句的譯法27英語(yǔ)的狀語(yǔ)從句譯成漢語(yǔ)一般還是狀語(yǔ)從

句，但有些狀語(yǔ)從句的真正含義與其表面形式并不一致，不能單從連接副詞的詞義來(lái)套譯，要根據(jù)原句的邏輯關(guān)系、實(shí)際含義和具體情況來(lái)判斷翻譯。一、表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句281.英語(yǔ)中含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，如果

從句在主句前，英譯漢時(shí)往往采取“句序照譯”的方法，即將譯文中表示時(shí)間的的狀語(yǔ)置于句首，與原文一致。一、表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句例1.

As

I

was

looking

for

my

bag,

the

inn-keeper

camein.我正在找皮包時(shí)，店主走了進(jìn)來(lái)。例2.

When

the

wall

fell

down,

all

thepeopleran

away

in

apanic.墻倒下來(lái)的時(shí)候，所有的人都驚恐地跑開了。29一、表 示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句Hardly

had

we

arrived

when

it

began

to

rain.我們一到就下雨了。

Scarcely…when…Nosooner…than…Not

until

he

got

home

did

he

realize

that

hehad

lost

his

keys.直到到了家他才發(fā)現(xiàn)鑰匙丟了。30一、表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句312.

有些含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的句子，要根據(jù)句子的意思和邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)原來(lái)的結(jié)構(gòu)要做調(diào)整，有時(shí)翻譯成并列分句或原因、條件、讓步等的分句。She

was

just

falling

asleep

when

thetelephone

bell

rang.當(dāng)電話鈴響的時(shí)候，她就要睡著了。她就要睡著時(shí)，電話鈴響了。她就要睡著時(shí)，突然電話鈴響了。在翻譯“when”引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，切忌不假思索以“當(dāng)…..時(shí)候”的句式套用。When

---通常主句是進(jìn)行時(shí)或be

about

to時(shí)，

在翻譯的時(shí)候，when

可以譯成“沒想到或突然”。例1.

The

monkey

was

feeling

a

bit

scaredwhen

suddenly

the

crocodile

dived

underthe

water.猴子正感到有點(diǎn)害怕，鱷魚向水下潛

。去時(shí)突然32P.

9233例1.

When

you

have

finished

yourhomework,

you

can

go

and

play

ball-games.(條件)

做完了家庭作業(yè)，你就可以出去打球了。

例3.

He

usually

walks

when

he

mightride.(讓步)雖然有車可坐，但他通?？偸遣叫小efore可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，中國(guó)人習(xí)慣按照事物發(fā)展的先后順序進(jìn)行表達(dá)，所以需對(duì)原文語(yǔ)序作一調(diào)整。34※before①在……前35It

will

be

half

a

year

before

I

come

back.②itwill

be+一段時(shí)間before......多久之后才...It

won

’

t

be

half

a

year

before

we

meetagain.③itwon’t

be+一段時(shí)間before......不久就....We

sailed

four

days

and

nights

beforewesaw

the

land.We

hadn’t

run

a

mile

before

he

felt

tired.④肯定句

“

才”

否定句

“就”二、表示條件的狀語(yǔ)從句36ifunlessproviding

thatso

long

ason

condition

thatsuppose

thatin

caseonly

ifif

only如果除非，如果不假如只要條件是假如如果只要但愿，要是...就好了二、表示條件的狀語(yǔ)從句37英語(yǔ)中含有條件從句的主從復(fù)合句，可采用“

句序照譯”法。例1.

As

long

as

we

don't

lose

heart,we'llfind

a

way

to

overcome

the

difficulty.

只要我們不灰心，就能找到克服困難的辦法。(條件)例6.

If

you

want

somethingdone

in

ahurry,

don't

go

to

the

man

who

has

clearlynotmuch

to

do.

要是你有急事要辦，不要去找那種顯然沒有多少事可做的人。(假設(shè))二、表示條件的狀語(yǔ)從句382.

條件從句也可翻譯成漢語(yǔ)的讓步狀語(yǔ)If

he

actually

did

commit

the

crime,he

wouldn’t

be

punished.(讓步)他即便真的犯了罪，也不會(huì)受到懲罰的。三、表示讓步的狀語(yǔ)從句39though/althougheven

ifasnomatterfor

all

thatgranted

thatin

spite

of

the

fact

thatdespite

the

factthat雖然即使盡管Whatever/wherever/who

無(wú)論什么/無(wú)論哪里/無(wú)論誰(shuí)ever/however

/無(wú)論怎樣不論，不管盡管即使盡管不管三、表示讓步的狀語(yǔ)從句401.譯成表示“讓步”的分句例1.

Though

he

was

defeated

in

theelection,

he

became

famous

for

his

fieryspeeches

against

slavery.雖然他競(jìng)選失敗了，卻以其反對(duì)奴隸制度的激烈演說而出了名。三、表示讓步的狀語(yǔ)從句412.

as倒裝句作為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句as引出的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句多用于書面語(yǔ)，比用though

語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，更有表現(xiàn)力，as讓步狀語(yǔ)從句常放在句首，語(yǔ)序部分倒裝。Cold

as

it

is,

(=

Though

it

is

cold,)

the

children

playoutdoors.

(adj.)盡管天氣冷，但孩子們?nèi)栽趹敉馔妗?/p>

Try

as

he

may,

he

never

succeeds.

(v.)盡管他很努力，他也絕對(duì)不會(huì)成功的。Child

as

he

is

,

he

knows

a

lot.(n.不加冠詞)盡管他是一個(gè)孩子，但他懂得很多。三、表示讓步的狀語(yǔ)從句423.

由whatever,

however,

no

matter

how等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，在翻譯成中文時(shí)，一

般保留原來(lái)的句序。However

cold

it

is,

she

alwaysgoesswimming.不管天氣多冷，她總?cè)ビ斡?。三、表示讓步的狀語(yǔ)從句434.

特殊讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

It

is

a

+adj.

+

n

+that…英語(yǔ)中有些含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句實(shí)際意

思相當(dāng)于一個(gè)含有讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句。在將這種句子翻譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果從句是肯定的，翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)譯成否定句。如果從句是否定句，翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)譯成肯定句。三、表示讓步的狀語(yǔ)從句44It

is

a

wise

father

that

knows

his

own

son.再聰明的父親也不見得會(huì)了解自己的兒子。It

is

a

wise

man

that

never

makes

mistakes.再聰明的人也會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。四、表示地點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)從句地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句由

where,

wherever

等引導(dǎo)1.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)可譯成定語(yǔ)Make

a

mark

where

you

have

any

doubts

orquestions.在有疑問的地方做個(gè)記號(hào)。Where

there

is

smoke

there

must

be

fire.有煙的地方一定有火。45四、表示地點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)從句462.

譯成

“哪里…,哪里就…”Where

there

is

will,

there

is

a

way.哪里有意志，哪里就有路。有志者，事竟成。五、表示原因的狀語(yǔ)從句47英語(yǔ)中的原因狀語(yǔ)從句位置比較靈活，可在結(jié)果之前，也可在結(jié)果之后。而漢語(yǔ)一般是原因在前，結(jié)果在后。由于受西方語(yǔ)言的影響，漢語(yǔ)中也有將原因狀語(yǔ)后置的現(xiàn)象，翻譯時(shí)候應(yīng)遵循漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣。五、表示原因的狀語(yǔ)從句481.

英語(yǔ)中含有原因狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句，如果表示原因的從句位于主語(yǔ)之后，漢譯時(shí)通常采用“句序照譯”。原因狀語(yǔ)從句：becausesinceAsnow

thatseeing

thatconsidering

thatin

that因?yàn)榧热?，由于因?yàn)榧热患热豢紤]到，因?yàn)樵谀撤矫?0.

in

view

of

the

fact

tha鑒t于The

evidence

is

invalid

in

that

it

was

obtained49through

illegal

means.注意invalid這個(gè)詞不同的發(fā)音有不同的意思[in'v?lid]

無(wú)效的['inv?lid]

病弱的人in

that

=because這個(gè)證據(jù)無(wú)效，因?yàn)樗峭ㄟ^不合法的手段取得的。五、表示原因的狀語(yǔ)從句502.翻譯成因果偏正復(fù)句中的主句Because

he

was

convinced

of

the

accuracyof

this

fact,

he

stuck

to

his

opinion.他深信這件事正確可靠，因此堅(jiān)持己見。五、表示原因的狀語(yǔ)從句513.

翻譯成不用關(guān)聯(lián)詞而因果關(guān)系內(nèi)含的并列分句。例1.

As

he

had

lots

of

time,h