英語常用單詞詞義辨析

PAGEPAGE5英語常用單詞詞義辨析1.

abolish,eliminate,extinguish,cancel

extinct/disappear

（toabolishslavery廢除奴隸制//Shehasbeeneliminatedfromtheswimmingracebecauseshedidnotwinanyofthepracticeraces.她已被取消了游泳比賽，因?yàn)樗谟?xùn)練中沒有得到名次。//toextinguishafire滅火//Shecancelledtheorder.）

2.

abridge,shorten,abbreviate

(刪節(jié)；縮短Itwasabridgedfromoriginalwork.這是由原本刪節(jié)的。/削減Therightsofcitizensmustnotbeabridged.公民權(quán)利不能擅予削減。/剝奪abridgeoneofhisrights剝奪某人的權(quán)利//toshortenadress把衣服改短//使簡(jiǎn)短；縮寫，節(jié)略toabbreviatetheDecembertoDec把December簡(jiǎn)寫為Dec)

3.

absurd,foolish,silly,ridiculous(荒謬的Theirrequestisabsurd.他們的要求是荒謬的。//愚蠢的It'sfoolishtoidleawayone'sprecioustime.把大好時(shí)光浪費(fèi)掉是愚蠢的。Itwasveryfoolishofyoutoparkthecarnearthebusstop."你真愚蠢,竟然把汽車停在公共汽車站附近。"http://愚蠢的；糊涂的；傻的；可笑的Don'tbesilly,thatinsectcan'thurtyou.別傻了，那蟲子不會(huì)傷你的。"Don'tstandthere,yousillyass!""別站在那兒,你這笨蛋!"/昏暈的；懵頭轉(zhuǎn)向的Iwasknockedsillybytheblow.我被那一擊打昏了頭。)

4.

abundant,plentiful,ample(豐富的；充足的abundantinpetroleumdeposits石油儲(chǔ)量豐富//充足的；充分的Wehaveamplemoneyforthejourney.我們有足夠的錢去旅游。Amplefoodandclothingbyworkingwithourownhands.自己動(dòng)手,豐衣足食。/寬敞的；廣大的anamplelobby寬敞的休息室)

5.

accelerate,quicken

6.

accent,dialect

7.

accumulate,amass,gather

(積累，積存Heaccumulatedagoodlibrary.積累了豐富的藏書。accumulate,amass這兩個(gè)詞都可解釋為“積累”accumulate強(qiáng)調(diào)“經(jīng)過一段比較長的時(shí)間由少積多的積累”，使用范圍較廣，似乎凡是數(shù)量方面的增長都可以表示。However,astheevidencebegantoaccumulate,expertsfromtheZoofeltobligedtoinvestigate.然而，隨著跡象開始積聚，倫敦動(dòng)物園的專家們感到有必要進(jìn)行調(diào)查了。amass強(qiáng)調(diào)“大量的聚集”，常用于財(cái)富、信息、所有物等的聚集，這種積累可能一下子完成，也可能在短期內(nèi)完成，也可能在比較長的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成，但是數(shù)量總是很大的。Peopletendtoamasspossessions,sometimeswithoutbeingawareofdoingso.人們傾向于積攢東西，有的并未意識(shí)到這樣做。//vt,vi（使）聚集，集合Theteachergatheredthepupilsroundher.老師把小學(xué)生們聚集在她周圍。"Children,gatherround,andMissAlicewilltellyouafable.""孩子們,大家聚攏點(diǎn),愛麗絲小姐給你們講個(gè)寓言故事。"/收集，搜集togatherinformation搜集資料/采集；收拾；收獲Gatheryourtoysup.把你的玩具收拾起來。/推斷；得結(jié)論；了解Ididn'tgathermuchfromtheconfusedstoryhetoldme.他告訴我的故事挺亂的，我不怎么明白。"Igathershewonthefirstprize,sinceshecameoutofthehallwithacrowdofreportersfollowingher.""我猜想她是得頭獎(jiǎng)了,因?yàn)樗龔拇髲d里出來時(shí)后面跟著一群記者。")

8.

accuse,charge(vt控告；指控Thepoliceaccusedhimofmurder.警方指控他謀殺。Thepoliceaccusedhimofstealing.警方控告他犯有盜竊罪。Marywasaccusedasanaccomplice.瑪麗被指控為同謀犯。//vt,vi

charged,charging要價(jià)；索價(jià)；要人支付；收費(fèi)Thefruitsellerchargedmetoomuchmoney.這個(gè)水果商要了我很多的錢。Howmuchdidhechargeyouforrepairingthebicycle?他修理自行車收了你多少錢?Howmuchdoyouchargeforyourmushrooms?你的蘑菇要什么價(jià)錢?Doyouchargefortheuseoftheofficetelephoneatoff-dutytime?下班時(shí)間打辦公電話你們收不收費(fèi)?Thatseasidehotelchargesexorbitantpricesduringthesummerholidays.那家海濱旅館在夏天休假期間漫天要價(jià)。/（與to,upto連用）記賬；在帳冊(cè)等上記入…Don'tforgettochargethemoneyoftheshoestomyaccount.別忘了把鞋錢記在我?guī)ど稀?猛沖；攻擊；向前沖Charge!沖鋒!Theboychargedintotheroom.男孩沖進(jìn)屋里。Suddenlythewildanimalchargedatus.突然那頭野獸朝我們沖過來。（常與with連用）責(zé)令；公開指責(zé)；控訴Hewaschargedwithstealingacar.他被指控偷了一輛汽車。Thoseyoungmenwerechargedbythepolicewithcausingadisturbanceintheneighborhood.警察指控那些青年人在這一帶犯了擾亂治安罪。Thetaxcollectorhasbeenchargedwithextortingmoneyfromseveralshopkeepers.收稅員受到指控,罪名是向幾個(gè)店主勒索錢財(cái)。/命令；使負(fù)責(zé)Shechargedmetolookafterherdaughter.她要我負(fù)責(zé)看管她的女兒。/（常與up連用）使充電Doesyourcarbatterychargedeasily?你那輛汽車的蓄電池容易充電嗎?/inchargeof負(fù)責(zé)Thechiefengineerwasinchargeofdirectingthebuildingofthesubway.主任工程師負(fù)責(zé)指揮地鐵的建造工程。Iwasinchargeofmysister.我在照看我妹妹。//charge,accuse這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞都有“指控”，“控告”的意思。charge在表示“指控”時(shí)，仍然包含著這個(gè)動(dòng)詞的基本含義-“使承擔(dān)責(zé)任或任務(wù)”，同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)被指控者的過錯(cuò)相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重，而且，要將這種過錯(cuò)鄭重宣布。Iwon'tchargeyouthistime.Butyou'dnotdoitagain!這一次我就不告發(fā)你了，不過你最好別再這么干了！Thepolicechargedthedriverwithcarelessdriving.警察指控那個(gè)司機(jī)開車粗心。注：charge可用于對(duì)罪行很重的人指控，也可用于對(duì)于一般過錯(cuò)的人的指控。accuse通常表示直接而嚴(yán)厲地指出某人的過錯(cuò)。這兩個(gè)詞的常用搭配是toaccusesomebodyofdoingsomething,和tocharge…with…DimitriapologizedtoAlekoforhavingaccusedhim.迪米特利指責(zé)了阿列科，因此他向阿列科道了歉。Hisneighboraccusedhimofplayingthemusicalinstrumenttooloudly.他的鄰居指責(zé)他的樂器彈奏得太響了。)

9.

acknowledge,admit,confess(vt承認(rèn)Iacknowledgethetruthofhisstatement.我承認(rèn)他說的是事實(shí)。/公認(rèn)為；認(rèn)為Hewasacknowledgedtobethebestplayer.他被公認(rèn)為是最佳選手。Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthatdogshaveanacutesenseofsmell.大家都認(rèn)為狗的嗅覺敏銳。Joeisacknowledgedasthebestbasketballplayeroftheyear.喬被公認(rèn)為是今年最佳籃球選手。/對(duì)…表示感謝，答謝，致謝toacknowledgeafavor答謝所受到的關(guān)照/表明已收到toacknowledgehisletter表明已收到他的來信//許可進(jìn)入，準(zhǔn)許進(jìn)入Thisticketadmitstwopeopletothefootballmatch.這張票可供兩人入場(chǎng)看足球賽。/容納,容許Thecinemaadmitsabout2000people.這座電影院大約可坐2000人。Therulesandregulationsadmitofnootherexplanation.這些規(guī)章制度不容許有其他解釋。Hisillnessadmitsofnodelay.他的病不容拖延。/承認(rèn)；供認(rèn)Headmittedhiscrime.他招認(rèn)了罪行。Heneveradmitsthatheiswrong.他從不承認(rèn)自己錯(cuò)了。Johnhasadmittedbreakingthewindow.約翰已承認(rèn)打碎了窗子。//vt,vi供認(rèn)（罪行）；坦白；招認(rèn)Whenthepolicequestionedtheman,heconfessed.

警察審問這個(gè)人時(shí)，他坦白了。/（與to連用）承認(rèn)MrFosterconfessedthathe'dbrokenthespeedlimit.福斯特先生承認(rèn)自己超速了。Sheconfessedstealingthemoney.;Sheconfessedtostealingthemoney.她承認(rèn)偷了錢。/懺悔；聽取…懺悔)

10.

advantage,benefit,profit

(n優(yōu)勢(shì)；長處MaryspeaksgoodEnglish,butshehasanadvantagebecausehermotherisEnglish.瑪麗英語說得好，因?yàn)樗幸粋€(gè)有利條件，她媽媽是英國人。Attheendofanhour'splaytheadvantagelaydefinitelywithhim.經(jīng)過一個(gè)小時(shí)的比賽,他已肯定取得優(yōu)勢(shì)。Manywomenthinkthisisanadvantageformen.許多婦女認(rèn)為這是男人的優(yōu)越之處。/利益；便利Isthereanyadvantageingettingthereearly?早到那里是否值得?Thishallcombinestheadvantagesoftheballroomandofameetingplace.這個(gè)大廳既可作舞廳,又可作會(huì)場(chǎng)。takeadvantageof利用，欺騙//n利益；好處ItissaidYogoisofgreatbenefittohumanhealth.據(jù)說瑜咖功對(duì)人體健康有極大好處。Ididitforhisbenefit.我做這個(gè)是為了幫助他。Afive-dayweekbenefitsmorethanindividuallyandeconomically.五天工作制不僅僅對(duì)國家經(jīng)濟(jì)和個(gè)人有好處。/(pl)救濟(jì)金//n利潤makeapennyprofitoneachorange要每只橘子盈利一便士Thisnewinventionwillbringyougreatprofitslikeagoldmine.這項(xiàng)新發(fā)明會(huì)像一座金礦一樣給你們帶來利潤。/利益；得益Ihavereadittomyprofit.我讀了它大有收益。)profit-seekermoney-seekerjob-seekerjob-hunter

profit-makerprofitable

enable

11.

affect,effect,influence,impact

(vt影響Smokingaffectshealth.吸煙影響健康。/（使）感動(dòng)deeplyaffectedbythenews深深被這消息所感動(dòng)//affect,influence,touch,impress,sway,move這組動(dòng)詞的一般含義為使人或能作出反應(yīng)的物產(chǎn)生或受到影響。affect的賓語是物時(shí)，它包含著足以引起反應(yīng)的刺激，有時(shí)包含一定的改變。Theslightchangeofweathercanaffectherdelicatehealth天氣稍有變化就會(huì)影響她那脆弱而嬌嫩的身體。當(dāng)affect的賓語是人時(shí)，它表示引起心智上或感情上的影響，即感動(dòng)Hewasinnowayaffectedbytheirmisery.他們的慘狀一點(diǎn)也沒打動(dòng)他的心。Weareluckyinthatonlythelowerfields,whichmakeupaverysmallproportionofourfarm,areaffectedbyflooding，…我們的運(yùn)氣好，因?yàn)橹挥姓嘉覀冝r(nóng)場(chǎng)極少部分的較低的田地受到洪水的影響。influence所表示的影響包含著“力量”，比如“他是個(gè)有影響的人物”。有時(shí)它包含著“誘使”的意思。They,havingfirstpersuadedthemselves,contrivetoinfluencetheirneighbours.他們首先自己信服了之后，便設(shè)法誘使鄰居Noonecanavoidbeinginfluencedbyadvertisements.誰也不能避免受到廣告的影響。Intheorganizationofindustriallifetheinfluenceofthefactoryuponthephysiologicalandmentalstateoftheworkershasbeenneglected.在工業(yè)生活的組織中，工廠對(duì)工人的生理和心理狀態(tài)上的影響完全被忽視了。touch所表示的“感動(dòng)”有些象漢語的“感觸”，它總含有密切接觸的意思。此外，touch在表示使人或物受到影響或感動(dòng)時(shí)，總有如下的內(nèi)涵：激發(fā)、攪起、傷害等等。Idonotwishtodoanythingwhichmaytouchyourcredit我不想做任何會(huì)影響你的榮譽(yù)的事情。Parentswouldbegreatlysurprisedanddeeplytouchediftheyrealizedhowbelieftheirchildrenusuallyhaveintheircharacterandinfallibility.…如果父母意識(shí)到孩子通常多么相信父母的品格和父母的絕對(duì)正確，他們會(huì)大大震驚和深深被感動(dòng)的……impress通常用于表示深受“感動(dòng)”，而且把所看到的東西，銘記在心。butIcouldnotconcealthefactthatIwasimpressedbythesizeofthediamonds。……但是我掩蓋不了這一事實(shí)，那些鉆石之大給我留下了深刻的印象。sway的原義同上)

12.

affection,love

13.

allege,claim

(vt斷言；宣稱/〈法〉指控Thepoliceallegethatthemanwasmurderedbuttheyhavegivennoproof.警方聲稱這男子是被人謀殺的,但未提出任何證據(jù)。//vt（根據(jù)權(quán)利）要求，認(rèn)領(lǐng)，索賠Didyouclaimontheinsuranceafteryourcaraccident?你的車子出事之后，要求領(lǐng)保險(xiǎn)金了嗎？Iclaimedthecoatthattheteacherfound.我認(rèn)領(lǐng)了老師找到的外套。Didyouclaimontheinsuranceafteryourhousefire?你家失火后你要求保險(xiǎn)公司賠償了嗎?/聲言；自稱；主張Heclaimedthathehadn'tdoneit,butIdidn'tbelievehim.他聲稱沒有做這件事，可是我不相信他。Fishermenandsailorssometimesclaimtohaveseenmonstersinthesea.漁夫和水手有時(shí)聲稱看到過海里的妖怪。Hisclaimaboutthenumberofpeoplekilledinthespringforestfirewasevidentlyoverstated.他所說的春天森林大火中的死亡人數(shù)顯然是夸張了的。HeclaimsthathehasgotoneofthetwoearliestBritishstampsbutnobodybelieveshim."他自稱得到了英國兩張最早的郵票中的其中一張,但是無人相信。"http://claimn（依據(jù)權(quán)利的）要求Theymadeaclaimforhigherpay.他提出更高報(bào)酬的要求。/權(quán)利Thepoorhaveaclaimtooursympathy.窮人值得我們同情。/聲明；聲稱Thegovernment'sclaimthatwarwasnecessarywasclearlymistaken.政府聲稱戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是必然的，這說法顯然是錯(cuò)誤的。/索賠/jumpaclaim強(qiáng)占他人的土地)

14.

alter,change,vary

(n改變，變化Youwillseemanychangesinthevillagesincelastyear.你會(huì)看見自去年以來村里發(fā)生的變化。/找頭；（找回的）零錢Hereisyourchange.這是你的找頭。Igavehimapound,andhegaveme20pencechange.我給了他一英鎊，他找了我20便士的零錢。Ifitcosts25centsandyougiveheranAmericandollaryoushouldget75centschange.如果這件東西值二十五分,而你給他一美元,應(yīng)找回七十五分的零錢。//changevt,vi成為；改變changethemind改變主意I'mjustgoingtochange.我正打算換換衣服。Sheusedtochangeherdresseveryday.過去她常常每天換一次衣服。Nothingwillchangehim,andhewillalwaysbethesame.什么也改變不了他,他始終是那個(gè)樣子。ThistownhaschangedsinceIwasachild.從我童年的時(shí)候起，這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)就一直在變化。Inautumntheleaveschangefromgreentobrown.秋天樹葉由綠變黃。/（常與for連用）換；交換；換去Shetookthedressbacktotheshopandchangedit(foranother).她把衣服拿回到商店又換了一件。/換衣服Hechangedwhenhearrivedhomefromschool.他從學(xué)校到家后，換了衣服。/

兌換錢幣WherecanIchangemyEnglishmoneyfordollars?我在哪兒可以把英鎊兌換成美鈔?Canyougivemechangefora$10note?你能替我把十美元鈔票換成輔幣嗎?HechangedhisEuropeandollarsforthe/anequivalentamountAmericandollars.他把歐元換成等值的美元。/換車Wheredowechange?我們?cè)谀膬簱Q車？HechangedtrainsatChicargo.他在芝加哥換了火車。/換（擋）Changeintosecondgearwhenyougoupthehill.上山時(shí)要換第二擋。/changehands易手，（買賣）轉(zhuǎn)手/changeinto變?yōu)椋皇垢淖僒henextmorning,thewaterhadchangedintoice.第二天早晨水變成了冰。Thewitchtriedtochangeironintogold.那位巫婆試圖把鐵變成金。/changeover（大幅度）改變；完全改變In1971Britainchangedoverfrompounds,shillings,andpencetothenewdecimalmoneysystem.一九七一年英國把英鎊、先令、便士改為新的十進(jìn)位幣制。//change,alter,vary,modify這組動(dòng)詞的一般含義是“改變”或“變化”。change是通用詞，它有兩層基本含義：“變”和“換”?！白儭笨梢灾负驮瓉淼臉幼踊蛐再|(zhì)稍有不同，也可以指有本質(zhì)的差異。Atfirst,shedecidedtogotothepolice,butfearingthatshewouldneverseeRastusagain-theletterhadmadethatquiteclear-shechangedhermind.起初，她決定去警察局，但是她由于擔(dān)心再也見不到拉斯特斯了-那封信說得相當(dāng)清楚-她改變了主意。Hethenchangedintooverallsandspentthenexteighthoursasadustman.然后他換上工裝褲，作為清潔工人度過接下去的八小時(shí)。alter所表示的“改變”只是細(xì)節(jié)的，或外表的變化，并不表示本質(zhì)的改變。如：把一件衣服改小一些或只把衣袖稍放肥一些，但衣服的式樣仍然不變，這時(shí)用alter便很確當(dāng)Hemaygentlyreprimandanofficialorevensuggesttoparliamentthatalawbealtered.他可以溫和地指責(zé)一個(gè)官員，或者甚至建議議會(huì)修改法律條款。vary一般表示轉(zhuǎn)換、變易、增生所致的“變化”或“不同”Theactionhetakesvariesaccordingtothenatureofthecomplaint.他所采取的行動(dòng)，根據(jù)怨言的性質(zhì)，而有所不同。modify主要用來表示有局限性的“改變”，當(dāng)用于事物時(shí)，它所表示的“改變”，在程度上要大于alter,在用于人的態(tài)度時(shí)，它僅僅表示略加修飾，并不含有很大的變化TheindustrialrevolutionmodifiedthewholestructureofEnglishsociety.工業(yè)革命變革了英國的整個(gè)社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)。)

15.

alternative,choice,preference

(adj隨便一個(gè)的；二者擇一的Thewaywasblocked,sowewentbyanalternativeroad.這條路被擋住了，因此我們走了另一條路。//n抉擇；選擇余地Iwantedtogoout,butIhadnomoney.Ihadnoalternativetostayingathome.我想出去，可是沒錢；只能待在家里。Wehavenoalternativebuttogoon.除了繼續(xù)下去,我們沒有選擇的余地。Therewasnootheralternativebuttofighttillthevictory.除了戰(zhàn)斗直到勝利,別無選擇。

16.

amiable,amicable(adj和藹的；親切的Theforeignguestsarealwaysamiabletothehostwhentheyvisithishouse。外賓來到主人家拜訪時(shí)總是友好的。//adj友好的；和睦的tosettleaquestioninanamicableway用友好的方式解決問題)

17.

apparatus,equipment,facility

18.

approve,sanction,ratify(vt,vi批準(zhǔn)；認(rèn)可；通過Myparentsdon'tapproveofmesmokingcigarettes.我的父母不準(zhǔn)許我吸煙。Theresolutionwasapproved82to16with18abstentions.決議以八十二票對(duì)十六票通過,十八票棄權(quán)。Themayoressapprovedthenewbuildingplans.女市長批準(zhǔn)了新建筑計(jì)劃。/（常與of連用）贊成，贊同Idon'tapproveofwastingtime.我不贊成浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。Idon'tapproveofsmoking.我不贊成抽煙。//vt批準(zhǔn)；認(rèn)可toratifythetreaty批準(zhǔn)條約)

19.

article,essay,composition,paper,thesis

dissertation

20.

artificial,man-made

Herperformanceis~.

21.

assume,presume,suppose

(vt假定；假設(shè)Iassumeyoualwaysgetupatthesametime.我想你總是在同一個(gè)時(shí)間起床。/采用；承擔(dān)toassumenewduties承擔(dān)新的職務(wù)//vt,vi（常與that連用）假定；假設(shè)；認(rèn)為Ipresumefromyourspeechthatyouareaforeigner.根據(jù)你的談話，我還以為你是個(gè)外國人呢。"Mr.Nelson,Ipresume?"你就是尼爾遜先生嗎?/當(dāng)作；姑且認(rèn)為Ifapersonismissingfor7years,heispresumeddead.假如一個(gè)人失蹤七年，即作已經(jīng)死亡論。/（與on,upon連用）指望；寄希望于…Wemustnotpresumetoomushonthereliabilityofsuchsources.我們不應(yīng)過分指望/相信這類消息來源的可靠性。//vt（常與that連用）認(rèn)定；猜想Whatdoyousupposeyouwilldoafterschool?你放學(xué)后想干什么？/應(yīng)該；準(zhǔn)；允許WearenotsupposedtoplayfootballonSundays.不準(zhǔn)我們?cè)谛瞧谌仗咦闱颉?

22.

avenue,street,road,terrace,highway,lane,way,path，freeway,expressway,track,highstreet

EMS(ExpressMailService/courierfieldandtract

23.

carpet,rug

24.

cease,stop,freeze,halt(Atlasttheyceasedworkingforlackofcapital.他們終于由于缺乏資金而停工了。Hermotherneverceasestellingyouabouthertrouble.她媽媽從來沒有停止過向你訴說她的困難。)

freeze,

ceasefire

25.

childish,childlike

26.

circumstances,environment,surroundings,undernocircumstances

27.

commence,begin,initiate,(initiative)start(ThemassmeetingcommencedinTiananmen'sSquareat8o'clock.群眾大會(huì)八時(shí)在天安門開始。)

28.

compile,edit(WearecompilinganEnglishdictionaryforstudents.我們正在編一本供大學(xué)生用的英語詞典。)chiefeditor

editor-in-chief

29.

concrete(abstract),specific(general)(Beautyisnotconcretebutadooris.美麗不是具體物，但門是。Haveyouanyconcretesuggestionsonhowtodealwiththesedifficulties?(喻)"對(duì)怎樣解決這些困難,你有沒有什么具體建議?"http://Iwantaspecificanswer.我想要一個(gè)明確的回答。)

30.

confront,face(toconfrontdanger（勇敢地）面對(duì)危險(xiǎn)/Iamconfrontedwithmanydifficulties.我面臨很多困難。Onlywhenthepoliceconfrontedherwithevidencedidsheadmitthatshehadstolenthemoney.在警察讓她面對(duì)證據(jù)時(shí)她才承認(rèn)偷了錢。)breadwinner

31.

conquer,win,beat,defeat,overcome("Accordingtothetextbookofhistory,theNormansconqueredEnglandin1066."據(jù)歷史書記載諾曼底人于一零六六年占領(lǐng)了英格蘭。Manhasyettoconquerthestars.人類尚需征服星球。Modernmedicalsciencehasconqueredmanydiseases.現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)征服了許多疾病。//Theyweredefeatedinthefootballmatch.他們?cè)谧闱蛸愔休斄?。Ourhopesweredefeated.我們的希望破滅了。)

32.

contest,competition,match,game

33.

contrast,compare(Thewritercontrastsgoodwithevil.作家使美好與邪惡形成對(duì)照。Youractioncontrastwithyourprinciples.你的行為和道義對(duì)比時(shí)就顯示出差別。//compareonethingwithanother將一物與另一物比較Man'slifeisoftencomparedtoacandle.人生常被喻為蠟燭。Thepoetcompareshislovertoaroseinhispoems.詩人在他詩歌中把他的情人比作玫瑰花。Walkingcan'tcomparewithflying.走路比不上飛行。Livinginatowncan'tcomparewithlivinginthecountryinmanyrespects.在許多方面城市生活比不上在鄉(xiāng)村生活。

34.

correspondent,reporter,journalist

35.

costly,expensive,valuable

(Theringwasverycostly.這枚戒指價(jià)錢很貴。thecostliestwarinhistory歷史上代價(jià)最高的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)//Itisexpensivetotravelbyplane.坐飛機(jī)旅行很費(fèi)錢。Thediamondringismoreexpensivethanthesilverringandthegoldring.鉆石戒指比銀戒指和金戒指都要貴。Buyingthatairbuswasanexpensivemistake.買那種客機(jī)是個(gè)代價(jià)高昂的錯(cuò)誤。)

36.

costume,dress,clothes

(Hernationalcostumeshowedwhichcountryshecamefrom.她的民族服裝表明了她是從哪個(gè)國家來的。)

37.

pressconference,meeting,congress,assembly,gathering,council,convention,rally

38.

crush壓碎,crack敲碎,smash打碎,shatter粉碎

39.

dash,dart,hasten（突進(jìn)；飛跑Thewolfdashedthroughthewoods.狼突然跑進(jìn)樹林中。//n

Thechildmadeasuddendartacrosstheroad.那小孩突然橫穿過馬路。vi,vtSwallowsweredartingthroughtheclouds.燕子穿云急飛。//Shehastenedhome她急忙回家。Thedeathbedstrugglesoftheenemiescanonlyhastentheirowndoom.敵人的垂死掙扎只能加速他們的滅亡。Ihastentosaythatheisnothurt.我趕緊說明他沒有受傷。）

40.

decline,refuse,reject

41.

dedicate,devote（Hededicatedhislifetotheserviceofhiscountry.他獻(xiàn)身于為國服務(wù)Hededicatedhisfirstbooktohismother.他把第一本書獻(xiàn)給他母親//Hedevotedallhistimetohisjob.他把他的全部時(shí)間都用在工作上了。Thismagazineisdevotedtoscience.這個(gè)雜志專門刊載科技文章。Everybodyknowsthatourdirectorisverydevotedtohiswife.從都知道我們的廠長對(duì)妻子十分忠誠。）

42.

departure,parting

43.

destined,doomed(Theydestinedhimforthenavy.他們指定他去海軍。)

44.

disgrace,shame(Hewasindisgracebecausehehadlied.他很丟臉,因?yàn)樗f了謊。Beingpoorisnodisgrace.貧窮并非恥辱。Thedirtywallsareadisgracetotheschool.這些骯臟的墻壁是學(xué)校的恥辱。//Whenhisteachertoldhisparentsabouthisbehavior,hefeltgreatshame.當(dāng)老師告訴他父母他的行為時(shí)，他感到非常羞愧。It'sashame.Ishouldbeatworkinsteadoflyinghereinbed."真丟人,我應(yīng)當(dāng)在工作崗位上,而不是在這兒躺在床上。"Heputhertoshame.他使她感到羞恥。Whatashamethatitrainedtoday.今天下雨了，真可惜。)

45.

doom,fate,destiny(togotoone'sdoom走向毀滅//Whentheymetagainaftertenyears,theyleftthatfatebroughtthemtogether.當(dāng)他們10年后又見面時(shí)，他們讓命運(yùn)使他們到了一塊兒。)

46.

despair,hopelessness（Heisthedespairofallotherpianists.他使其他所有的鋼琴家都感到失望。vi（常與of連用）絕望；失望Idespairofeverseeingmydaughteragain.再也見不到我女兒了，我很失望。//ahopelesscase絕癥；患絕癥的病人Thedoctorsaidtheoldman'sconditionwashopeless.醫(yī)生說這位老人的病是沒有希望的了。Youarehopeless.你是沒有希望的。;你真沒治。Yourworkishopeless.你的工作一無是處。）

47.

dirty,filthy,foul,soiled,unclean（dirtyhands臟手Myshoesweredirty.我的鞋子臟了。Hisfeetleftdirtymarksalloverthefloor.他的腳在地板上到處留下了臟印子。Repairingroadsisadirtyjob.修理馬路是件骯臟的活計(jì)。dirtystories下流故事Thoseyoungpeopleoftensatinthecafearoundthecornerdrinkingandtellingdirtystories."那些年青人常常在拐角的咖啡館里,邊喝酒邊講下流故事。"dothedirtyonsb.用卑劣的手段對(duì)待某人givesb.adirtylook瞪某人一眼adv非常；挺adirtybighouse一間非常大的房間//afoulsmell惡臭的氣味afoul-tastingmedicine難吃的藥foulweather壞天氣It'safoulnighttonight;it'spouringwithrainwiththunderingandlightning."今夜大雨傾盆,電閃雷鳴,天氣壞極了。"Murderisafouldeed.殺人是邪惡的行為。I'vehadafoulmorning.我今天早上很不愉快。Herhusbandhasafoultemper.她丈夫脾氣壞透了。afoulblow犯規(guī)的一擊）

48.

economical,frugal,thrifty(Goingbytrainismoreeconomicalthangoingbyplane.坐火車比坐飛機(jī)更節(jié)約。Bicyclesareregardedasaneconomicalalternativetobuseswhosefareshaveincreased5timesinthepast3years."自行車被看成是比公共汽車更實(shí)惠的交通工具,因?yàn)楣财嚻眱r(jià)在最近三年內(nèi)漲了五倍。""Asmallcarismoreeconomicalthanalargeone,becauseituseslesspetrol.""小的汽車比大的節(jié)約,因?yàn)樗挠洼^少。"(extravagant

luxurious

uneconomical

)//afrugalhousekeeper節(jié)儉的管家afrugalsupperofbreadandcheese只有面包和奶酪的晚餐

49.

empty,free,vacant(avacantchair空椅子Arethereanyroomsvacantinthishotel?這家旅館有空房嗎？toapplyforavacantpositioninanoffice申請(qǐng)一個(gè)空缺的職務(wù)avacantexpressiononhisface他臉上一副茫然的表情)

50.

forget,neglect,omit,overlook，ignore,disregard(Ifyouneglectthisproperty,itwilldepreciate.如果你忽視這份資產(chǎn),它無形中就貶值了。Theanimalswerethinandillbecausethefarmerhadneglectedthem.這些牲口瘦弱有病，因?yàn)檗r(nóng)場(chǎng)主沒給予足夠的關(guān)心。Don'tneglecttolockthedoor.別忘了鎖門。//Youhaveoverlookedseveralofthemistakes

inthiswork.你忽略了這個(gè)工作中的幾個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。Thesecretaryisverycarefulandneveroverlooksanylittlepoints.秘書是個(gè)很細(xì)心的人她從不忽視細(xì)節(jié)。)

51.

freedom,liberty

52.

glimpse,glance(Icaughtaglimpseofournewneighbor.我們的新鄰居我只看過一眼。Herworriedfacegavemeaglimpseofhertruefeelings.她的憂傷表情使我感受到她內(nèi)心的真實(shí)感情。)

53.

grieve,mourn,sorrow(Sheisstillgrievingforherdeadhusband.她仍在為死去的丈夫傷心。//Shemournedforherdeadchild.她哀悼她那死去的孩子。//n悲哀；憂傷；悔恨Hetoldmewithsorrowthathismotherwasveryill.他悲傷地告訴我，他的母親病得很厲害。vi感到悲傷，感到憂傷；表示悔恨agony

anguish

grief

misery

misfortune

regret

remorse

sadness

suffering

trouble

woe

)

54.

halt,cease,stop(Thecarhaltedbythehouse.汽車停在房屋旁邊。Thesoldiershaltedforashortrest.士兵們停下來休息一會(huì)兒。Halt!Whogoesthere?站住!誰?Noonecanhalttheadvanceofhistory.誰也阻擋不了歷史的前進(jìn)。//Atlasttheyceasedworkingforlackofcapital.他們終于由于缺乏資金而停工了。Hermotherneverceasestellingyouabouthertrouble.她媽媽從來沒有停止過向你訴說她的困難。Ceasefire!?；?//Westoppedeating.我們停止吃東西。Thepolicewerecalledtostopafightoutsidethetheatre.警察被召去制止劇場(chǎng)外的一場(chǎng)毆斗。Theystoppedmegoingoutofthedoor.他們阻止我出門。Themothertriedtostopheryoungdaughtergoingoutondates.母親試圖阻止小女兒外出與男孩子約會(huì)。Therainstopped.雨停了。tostopathome待在家里)

55.

heal,treat,cure(治愈（傷口）；使復(fù)原Thewoundonmyarmhashealed.我胳膊上的傷已治好了。Thedisagreementamongthefamilymembershealedoverwithtime.(喻)家庭成員之間的不和隨著時(shí)間的過去而消失。Thewoundsoonhealedup/over.傷口不久就愈合了。Timeisagreathealer.(諺)時(shí)間能夠治好感情上的創(chuàng)傷。//totreatanillness//tocureapatient治愈病人Ihopethedoctorcancurethepaininmyshoulder.我希望醫(yī)生能治好我肩上的疼痛。)

56.

heap,pile(nAheapofoldclotheswaslyinginthecorner.一堆舊衣服堆在角落里。Wehaveheapsofworktodo.我們有許多工作要做。vt（與up,together連用）堆起，堆積，積累Heheapedupgreatwealth.他積累起大量財(cái)富。Thebarnoftheused-to-be-poorfarmerisnowheapedwithgrain.過去很貧窮的農(nóng)民的谷倉里現(xiàn)在堆滿了糧食。)

57.

high,lofty(崇高的高傲的),tall

58.

hire,employ,engage,recruit

(Hehiredacarfortwodays.他租了一輛小汽車使用兩天。雇用，雇Thefruitispickedbyhiredlabourers.這些水果是由雇傭工采摘的。Wehiredanadvertisingcompanytohelpussellournewsoftware.我們委托一家廣告公司替我們推銷新軟件。hireout出租"Whydon'tyouhireoutyourspareroomtootherpeople,andearnsomemoney?"你為什么不把空閑的房間租給別人來賺些錢?//雇用Thefirmemploysabout100men.這家公司大約雇了100人。Thefirmemploystheretiredprofessorasanadviser.這家公司聘這們退休的教授擔(dān)任顧問。employforce使用武力Sheemploysherfreetimeinsewing.她把閑暇時(shí)間花在縫紉上。雇；聘engageanewsecretary聘請(qǐng)新秘書)

59.

hole,cave,cavity,den,excavation,hollow,pit坑

60.

home,family,house,household

61.

ignorant,illiterate,uneducated,unlearned

62.

individual,personal,private(adj單獨(dú)的；特殊的；個(gè)別的Eachindividualboyintheclasshashisownpersonalities.這個(gè)班上的每一個(gè)男孩都有自己的個(gè)性。/僅適合一人或一事的individualdesk單人課桌/獨(dú)特的；有特性的anindividualstyleofspeaking獨(dú)特的談話風(fēng)格Shewearsveryindividualdresses.她的衣著非常獨(dú)特。//私人的；個(gè)人的apersonalletter私人信件apersonalfriend私人朋友/親自的；本人的personalcall親身拜訪/身體的；外貌的personalbeauty儀表之美/攻擊人的；無禮的personalabuse人身攻擊/人稱代詞(=personalpronoun)//

adj私人的；屬于個(gè)人的privateproperty私人財(cái)產(chǎn)privateschool私立學(xué)校Aprivatecargivesamuchgreaterdegreeofcomfortandmobility.私人小汽車能給人很大的舒服和機(jī)動(dòng)性。Thisisprivateland,youcan'twalkacrossit.這是私人土地，你不能通過。Don'tsayanythingaboutwhatwe'rediscussingtoanyone;it'sprivate."不要把我們正在討論的事情告訴任何人,這是保密的。")

63.

induce,lure,tempt(引誘；誘導(dǎo)Whatinducedyoutodosuchafoolishthing?是什么引誘你做這樣的傻事？Nothingshallinducemetojointheirclub.我怎么都不會(huì)去加入他們的俱樂部。/招致；引起illnessinducedbyoverwork工作過度而引起的Toomuchfoodinducessleepiness.吃得過飽會(huì)產(chǎn)生睡意。//（常與away,into連用）誘惑；引誘ManyyoungJapaneseengineershavebeenluredtotheMiddleEastbythepromiseofhighwages."在給予高薪的允諾的引誘下,許多年輕的日本工程師去了中東。"lure,tempt這兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞都有“引誘”的意思。lure包含著“強(qiáng)烈的、不可抗拒的而且通常是有害的誘惑力”Perhapsitisthedesireforsolitudeorthechanceofmakinganunexpecteddiscoverythatluresmendowntothedepthsoftheearth.可能正是想尋覓一個(gè)幽靜的去處或者找個(gè)獵奇的機(jī)會(huì)的欲望引誘著人們進(jìn)入地球的深處。Thehopeofhighprofitsluredhimintoquestionabledealings.意欲獲取巨額利潤誘惑他做了那些不誠實(shí)的交易。Itwasnotmoneythatluredtheadolescenthusbandmantothecities,butthegaylife.把那個(gè)青年農(nóng)民引誘到城市的東西不是金錢，而是那里的歡樂生活。tempt也表示強(qiáng)烈的誘惑力，但更含有“被誘惑者雖然知道不該被誘惑，但無法或難以克制受到誘惑?！薄璗hedecksweresooncoveredwithcolourfulrugsfromPersa,silkfromIndia,coppercoffeepots,andbeautifulhand-madesilverware.Itwasdifficultnottobetempted.……很快甲板上便布滿了波斯的彩色毛毯、印度的絲綢、銅咖啡壺以及美麗的手工制作的銀器。對(duì)此不動(dòng)心是很困難的。Thewomanusedallherwilestotempthimintofollowingher.那女人用盡了自己的誘騙本領(lǐng)勾引著他尾隨而去。Thesteamingapplepietemptedhimtodisregardhisdiet.那熱氣騰騰的蘋果餡餅把他誘惑得不去顧及自己需要節(jié)食。)

64.

inevitable,unavoidable(adj不可避免的；必定的"Suchadifficultoperationmaynotsucceed,it'saninevitablegamble.""這樣難度很大的手術(shù)可能不成功,但這是一次非做不可的冒險(xiǎn)。)

65.

innocent,blameless,guiltless,sinless(adj（常與of連用）無罪的，無辜的；清白的Canyouprovideanyevidencethathewasinnocentofthecrime?你能提供證據(jù)證明他沒有犯這罪嗎?無害的Doyoucalltheseinnocentamusements?你把這些叫做無害的娛樂嗎?/單純的，天真無邪的)

66.

inspect,examine,investigate(vt檢查；審查Heinspectedthecarbeforeheboughtit.他買這輛車之前仔細(xì)檢查了一下。視察；調(diào)查Thegovernmentsentsb.toinspectourschool.政府派人來視察我們學(xué)校。//vt檢查；細(xì)查Thedoctorexaminedhercarefully.醫(yī)生給她作了仔細(xì)的檢查。"Yesterdaythefiremenexaminedthegroundcarefully,butwerenotabletofindanybrokenglass.""昨天,消防隊(duì)員們仔細(xì)地檢查了地面,但未能找到任何碎玻璃。"MysuitcaseswereexaminedattheCustomswhenIenteredthecountry."入境時(shí),我的提包在海關(guān)受到了檢//vt調(diào)查；研究Thepoliceareinvestigatingtherobbery.警察正在調(diào)查這起搶劫案。"Toinvestigateaproblemis,indeed,tosolveit."調(diào)查就是解決問題。)

67.

intimate,familiar,confidential(adj親近的；親密的；熟悉的intimatefriends知心朋友Doyoubelievethesetwointimatefriendsusedtobemutualswornenemies?"這兩位親密朋友彼此間過去曾經(jīng)是不共戴天的死敵,你相信嗎?"個(gè)人的；私人的anintimatediary私人日記//adj（常與to連用）熟悉的；常見的；普通的afamiliarsight常見的情況Thissongsoundsfamiliar.這首歌聽起來很熟悉。（常與with連用）熟悉…的；通曉…的Areyoufamiliarwiththistypeofcar?你熟悉這種型號(hào)的汽車嗎？Areyoufamiliarwiththerulesofbaseball?你熟悉棒球規(guī)則嗎?Heisfamiliarwiththatbook.他熟悉該