英語六級新題型練習(xí)之長篇閱讀

PAGEPAGE13英語六級新題型練習(xí)之長篇閱讀：段落匹配題。Paper--MorethanMeetstheEyeA)Wearesurroundedbysomuchpaperandcardthatitiseasytoforgetjusthowcomplexitis.Therearemanyvarietiesandgradesofpapermaterials,andwhilstitisfairlyeasytospotthevarieties,itisfarmoredifficulttospotthegrades.

B)Itneedstobeunderstoodthatmostpaperandcardismanufacturedforaspecificpurpose,sothatwhilstthecorn-flakepacketmaylooksmart,itisclearlynotsomethingdestinedforthearchives.Itismadetolookgood,butonlyneedsalimitedlifespan.Itisalsomuchcheapertomanufacturethanhighgradecard.

C)Papercanbemadefromanalmostendlessvarietyofcellulose-basedmaterialwhichwillincludemanywoods,cottonsandgrassesorwhichpapyrusisanexampleandfromwherewegettheword"paper".Manyoftheseareveryspecialized,butthepreponderanceofpapermakinghasbeenfromsoftwoodandcottonorrags,withthebulkbeingwood-based.

PaperfromWood

D)Inordertomakewoodintopaperitneedstobebrokendownintofinestrands.Firstlybypowerfulmachineryandthenboiledwithstrongalkaliessuchascausticsoda,untilafinepulpofcellulosefibersisproduced.Itisfromthispulpthatthefinalproductismade,relyingonthebondingtogetherofthecelluloseintolayers.That,inaverysmallnutshell,istheessenceofpapermakingfromwood.However,therealityisrathermorecomplicated.Inordertogiveusourwhitepaperandcard,themakerswilladdbleachandothermaterialssuchaschinaclayandadditionalchemicals.

E)Afurtherproblemwithwoodisthatitcontainsamaterialthatisnotcellulose.Somethingcalledlignin.Thisisessentialforthetreesinceitholdsthecellulosefibrestogether,butifitisincorporatedintothemanufacturedpaperitpresentsarchivistswithaproblem.Lignineventuallybreaksdownandreleasesacidproductsintothepaper.Thiswillweakenthebondbetweenthecellulosefibersandthepaperwillbecomebrittleandlookratherbrownandcareworn.Wehaveallseenthisinoldnewspapersandcheappaperbackbooks.Ithasbeenestimatedthatmostpaperbackbookswillhavealifeofnotgreaterthanfiftyyears.Notwhatweneedforourarchives.

F)Sincethelignincanberemovedfromthepaperpulpduringmanufacture,theobviousquestionis"whyisitleftinthepaper?"Theanswerliesinthefactthatligninmakesupaconsiderablepartofthetree.Byleavingthelignininthepulpapapermakercanincreasehispaperyieldfromatreetosome95%.Removingitmeansayieldofonly35%.Itisclearlyuneconomictoremovetheligninformanypaperandcardapplications.

G)Italsomeans,ofcourse,thatlignin-freepaperisgoingtobemoreexpensive,butthatisneverthelesswhatthearchivistmustlookforinhissupplies.Thereisnopointwhatsoeverincarefullyplacingourvaluableartifactsinpaperorcardthatisgoingtohastentheirdemise.Acidisparticularlyharmfultophotographicmaterials,causingthemtofadeandissomecasessimplyvanish!

H)So,howdowetellapieceofsuitablepaperorcardfromonethatisunsuitable?Youcannotdoitbysimplylooking,andratherdisappointingly,youcannotalwaysrelyonthelabel."Acid-free"mightbetrueinasmuchasatestonthepapermayindicatethatitisaneutralmaterialatthistime.Butlignincantakeyearsbeforeitstartstheinevitableprocessofbreakingdown,andintherightconditionsitwillspeedupenormously.

I)Addedtothis,asIhaveindicatedearlier,papermayalsocontainothermaterialsaddedduringmanufacturesuchasbleach,chinaclay,chemicalwhitenersandsize.Thislookslikeableakpicture,anditwouldbebutforthefactthattherearesupplierswhowillguaranteethematerialthattheysell.Ifyouwanttobeabsolutelysurethatyouarestoringin,orprintingon,thecorrectmaterialthenthisisprobablytheonlyway.

J)Incidentally,acidscanmigratefrommaterialtomaterial.Liningoldshoeboxeswithgoodqualityacid-freepaperwilldolittletoguardthecontents.Theacidwillgetthereintheend.

PaperfromRag

K)Paperisalsocommonlymadefromcottonandragwaste.Thishastheadvantageofbeinglignin-free,butbecausethereismuchlesscottonandragthantrees,italsotendstobemuchmoreexpensivethanwoodpulppaper.Youwillstillneedtopurchasefromareliablesourcethough,sinceevenragpaperandcardcancontainundesirableadditives.

L)Areliablesourceforqualityragpapersisarecognizedartstockiest.Manywatercolorartistsinsistonusingonlyfinequalityragpaperandboard.

M)Themainlessontolearnfromthisinformationisthatyoucannotrelyonpurchasingarchivalmaterialsfromthehighstreet.Theonlysafesolutionistopurchasefromspecialistsuppliers.Itmaycostrathermore,butintheendyouwillknowthatyourimportantandvaluabledataandimageshavethebesthomepossible.1.Thecorn-flakepacketischeaperthanhighgradecard.

2.Therearealotofmaterialswhichcanbeusedformakingpaper,butthesuperiorityonesaresoftwood,cottonandrags.

3.Duringthewholemanufacturingprocess,thefinalproductismadefromapulpofcellulosefibres.

4.Inordertomakewhitepaperandcard,themakerswilladdbleach.

5.Liguinisessentialforthetreebutitwillmakepapereasytobreak.

6.Manypaperproducerswillpreserveligninduringmanufacture,becauseleavingtheligninwillmakemorepaperfromatree.

7.Acidisparticularlyharmfultophotographicmaterials.

8.Iftheligninisremovedfromthepaper,thepaperwillbemoreexpensive.9.Althoughfreeoflignin,papermadefromcottonandragwastecanalsocostmoremoneythanwoodpulppaperbecausethereismuchlesscottonandragthantrees.10.Whatwecanlearnfrom"PaperfromRag"isthatyouhadbetterbuyarchivalmaterialsfromspecialistsuppliers.2013年12月英語六級改革模擬練習(xí)：長篇閱讀（2）HowtoMakeAttractiveandEffectivePowerPointPresentations

A)MicrosoftPowerPointhasdramaticallychangedthewayinwhichacademicandbusinesspresentationsaremade.ThisarticleoutlinesfewtipsonmakingmoreeffectiveandattractivePowerPointpresentations.

TheText

B)Keepthewordingclearandsimple.Useactive,visuallanguage.Cutunnecessarywords—agoodruleofthumbistocutparagraphsdowntosentences,sentencesintophrases,andphrasesintokeywords.Limitthenumberofwordsandlinesperslide.TrytheRuleofFive-fivewordsperline,fivelinesperslide.Iftoomuchtextappearsononeslide,usetheAutoFitfeaturetosplititbetweentwoslides.ClickwithintheplaceholdertodisplaytheAutoFitOptionsbutton(itssymbolistwohorizontallineswitharrowsaboveandbelow),thenclickonthebuttonandchooseSplitTextbetweenTwoSlidesfromthesubmenu.

C)Fontsizefortitlesshouldbeatleast36to40,whilethetextbodyshouldnotbesmallerthan24.Useonlytwofontstylesperslide—oneforthetitleandtheotherforthetext.Choosetwofontsthatvisuallycontrastwitheachother.GaramondMediumCondensedandImpactaregoodfortitles,whileGaramondorTempusSanscanbeusedforthetextbody.

D)Embedthefontsinyourpresentation,ifyouarenotsurewhetherthefontsusedinthepresentationarepresentinthecomputerthatwillbeusedforthepresentation.Toembedthefonts:(1)OntheFilemenu,clickSaveAs.(2)Onthetoolbar,clickTools,clickSaveOptions,selecttheEmbedTrueTypeFontscheckbox,andthenselectEmbedcharactersinuseonly.

E)Usecolorssparingly;twotothreeatmost.Youmayuseonecolorforallthetitlesandanotherforthetextbody.Beconsistentfromslidetoslide.Chooseafontcolorthatcontrastswellwiththebackground.

F)Capitalizingthefirstletterofeachwordisgoodforthetitleofslidesandsuggestsamoreformalsituationthanhavingjustthefirstletterofthefirstwordcapitalized.Inbulletpointlines,capitalizethefirstwordandnootherwordsunlesstheynormallyappearcapped.Upperandlowercaseletteringismorereadablethanallcapitalletters.Moreover,currentstylesindicatethatusingallcapitallettersmeansyouareshouting.Ifyouhavetextthatisinthewrongcase,selectthetext,andthenclickShift+F3untilitchangestothecasestylethatyoulike.ClickingShift+F3togglesthetextcasebetweenALLCAPS,lowercase,andInitialCapitalstyles.

G)Useboldoritalictypefaceforemphasis.Avoidunderlining,itcluttersupthepresentation.Don’tcenterbulletedlistsortext.Itisconfusingtoread.Leftalignunlessyouhaveagoodreasonnotto.Run“spellcheck”onyourshowwhenfinished.

TheBackground

H)Keepthebackgroundconsistent.Simple,lighttexturedbackgroundsworkwell.Complicatedtexturesmakethecontenthardtoread.Ifyouareplanningtousemanyclipsinyourslides,selectawhitebackground.Ifthevenueofyourpresentationisnotadequatelylight-proof,selectadark-coloredbackgroundanduseanylightcolorfortext.Minimizetheuseof“bellsandwhistles”suchassoundeffects,“flyingwords”andmultipletransitions.Don’tuseredinanyfontsorbackgrounds.Itisanemotionallyoverwhelmingcolorthatisdifficulttoseeandread.

TheClips

I)Animationsarebestusedsubtly;toomuchflashandmotioncandistractandannoyviewers.DonotrelytooheavilyonthoseimagesthatwereoriginallyloadedonyourcomputerwiththerestofOffice.YoucaneasilyfindappropriateclipsonanytopicthroughGoogleImages.Whilesearchingforimages,donotuselongsearchphrasesasisusuallydonewhilesearchingtheweb-usespecificwords.

J)Whenimportingpictures,makesurethattheyaresmallerthantwomegabytesandareina.jpgformat.Largerfilescanslowdownyourshow.Keepgraphs,chartsanddiagramssimple,ifpossible.Usebargraphsandpiechartsinsteadoftablesofdata.Theaudiencecanthenimmediatelypickuptherelationships.

ThePresentation

K)Ifyouwantyourpresentationtodirectlyopenintheslideshowview,saveitasaslideshowfileusingthefollowingsteps.Openthepresentationyouwanttosaveasaslideshow.OntheFilemenu,clickSaveAs.IntheSaveastypelist,clickPowerPointShow.Yourslideshowfilewillbesavedwithapptfileextension.Whenyoudouble-clickonthisfile,itwillautomaticallystartyourpresentationinslideshowview.Whenyou’redone,PowerPointautomaticallyclosesandyoureturntothedesktop.Ifyouwanttoedittheslideshowfile,youcanalwaysopenitfromPowerPointbyclickingOpenontheFilemenu.

L)Lookattheaudience,notattheslides,wheneverpossible.Ifusingalaserpointer,don’tmoveittoofast.Forexample,ifcirclinganumberontheslide,doitslowly.Neverpointthelaserattheaudience.Blackoutthescreen(use“B”onthekeyboard)afterthepointhasbeenmade,toputthefocusonyou.Pressthekeyagaintocontinueyourpresentation.

M)Youcanusetheshortcutcommand[Ctrl]PtoaccessthePentoolduringaslideshow.ClickwithyourmouseanddragtousethePentooltodrawduringyourslideshow.Toeraseeverythingyou’vedrawn,presstheEkey.ToturnoffthePentool,press[Esc]once.

Miscellaneous

N)MasterSlideSet-Up:The“masterslide”willallowyoutomakechangesthatarereflectedoneveryslideinyourpresentation.Youcanchangefonts,colors,backgrounds,headers,andfootersatthe“masterslide”level.First,gotothe“View”menu.Pulldownthe“Master”menu.Selectthe“slidemaster”menu.Youmaynowmakechangesatthislevelthatmeetyourpresentationneeds.1.ThewaysinwhichacademicandbusinesspresentationsaremadehavebeenchangedbyMicrosoftPowerPoint.

2.WhenmakingthePowerPoint,thewordingofthetextshouldnotbecomplicated.

3.Ineachslide,thefontstylesforthetitleandthetextshouldcontrastwitheachother.

4.Amoreformalsituationiscapitalizingthefirstletterofthefirstword.

5.Centeringbulletedlistsortextcannothelptoread.

6.Soundeffectsshouldbeusedaslessfrequentlyaspossible.

7.Whenimportingpictures,makesurethattheyaresmallerthantwomegabytes.

8.Whenmakingthepresentation,youshouldlookattheaudienceaspossibleasyoucan.

9.PressingtheEkeycanhelpyoutoeraseeverythingyou'vedrawn.

10.Inordertomeetyourpresentationneeds,youcanmakechangesatthe“slidemaster”level.2013年12月英語六級改革模擬練習(xí)：長篇閱讀（3）PreparingforComputerDisastersA:Summary:Whenhomeofficecomputersgodown,manysmallbusinessesgrindtoahalt.Fortunately,takingstepstorecoverfromdisastersandminimizetheireffectsisquitestraightforward.B:Fires,powersurges,andfloods,they'reallfactsoflife.Wereadabouttheminthemorningpaperandseethemontheeveningnews.Wesympathizewiththevictimsandcommiserateovertheirbadluck.Wealsoshakeourheadsatthedigitalconsequences—meltedcomputers,systemfailures,destroyeddata.Yet,somehow,manyofuscontinuetolivebythatoldmantraofdenial:"Itwon'thappentome."Well,thetruthis,atsomepointyou'llprobablyhavetodealwithatleastonedisaster.That'sjusthowitgoes,andinmostaspectsofourliveswedosomethingaboutit.Webuyinsurance.Westowawayprovisions.Weevenmakedisasterplansandrundrills.Butforsomereason,computerdisasterrecoveryisablindspotformanyofus.Itshouldn'tbe.Homecomputerscontainsomeofourmostimportantinformation,bothbusinessandpersonal,andmakingcertainourdatasurvivesadisastershouldbeapriority.Moreover,eventhesmallestdisastercanbeaseriousdisruption.Personalcomputershavebecomeanintegralpartofthesmooth-runninghousehold.Weusethemtocommunicate,shop,anddohomework,andthey'reevenmorevitaltohomeofficeusers.Whenhomeofficecomputersgodown,manysmallbusinessesgrindtoahalt.Fortunately,takingstepstorecoverfromdisastersandminimizetheireffectsisquitestraightforward.Withagoodoffsitestorageplanandtherighttools,youcanbouncebackquicklyandeasilyfromminorcomputerdisasters.And,shouldamajorcalamitystrike,youcanrestassuredyourdataissafe.OffsiteStorage:MajorDisastersC:Housefiresandfloodsareamongthemostdevastatingcausesofpersonalcomputerdestruction.That'swhyasolidoffsitebackupandrecoveryplanisessential.Althoughmanyhomeusersfaithfullybackuptheirharddrives,manywouldstilllosealltheirdatashouldtheirhousefloodourburn.That'sbecausetheykeeptheirbackupsinrelativelyclosetotheircomputers.Theirbackupdisksmightnotbeinthesameroomastheircomputers—tuckedawayinaclosetoreventhegarage—butthey'renotnearlyfarenoughawayshouldaseriousdisasterstrike.So,it'simportanttobackupyoursystemtoaremovablemediumandtostoreitelsewhere.D:Therearemanywaystoapproachoffsitestorage.Itstartswithchoiceofbackuptoolsandstoragemedium.Disastersituationsarestressful,andyourrecoverytoolsshouldn'taddtothatstress.Theymustbedependableandintuitive,makingiteasytoscheduleregularbackupsandtoretrievefilesinapinch.Theymustalsobecompatiblewithyourchoiceofbackupmedium.Dependingonyourtools,youcanbackuptoavarietyofdurabledisktypes—fromCDstoJazdrivestoremotenetworkservers.Althoughmanyofthesestoragemediahavehighcapacity,abackuptoolwithcompressioncapabilitiesisabigplus,eliminatingtheinconvenienceofmultipledisksorlargeuploads.E:Onceyouselectyourtoolsandasuitablemedium,youneedtofindaremoteplacetostoreyourbackups.Theoptionsareendless.However,nomatterwhereyouchoose,besurethesiteissecure,easilyaccessible,andagooddistanceawayfromyourhome.YoumayalsowanttoconsiderusinganInternet-basedbackupservice.Moreandmoreserviceprovidersareofferingstoragespaceontheirservers,anduploadingfilestoaremotelocationhasbecomeanattractivealternativetoconventionaloffsitestorage.Ofcourse,beforeusingoneoftheseservices,makecertainyoucompletelytrusttheserviceprovideranditssecuritymethods.Whateveryoudo,schedulebackupsregularlyandstorethemfarawayfromyourhome.ComeWhatMay:HandlingtheGardenVarietyComputerCrisisF:Notallhomecomputerdamageresultsfromphysicaldisaster.ManylessmenacingproblemscanalsohobbleyourPCordestroyyourinformation.Systemscrash,kids"rearrange"data,adultsinadvertentlydeletefiles.Althoughtheseeventsmightnotseemcalamitous,theycanhaveseriousimplications.So,onceagain,it'simportanttobeprepared.Aswithphysicaldisasters,regularbackupsareessential.However,someofthesesmallerissuesrequirearesponsethat'smorenuancedthanwholesalebackupandrestoration.Todealwithless-than-totaldisaster,yourtoolsetmustbebothpowerfulandagile.Forexample,whenasmallnumberoffilesarecompromised,youmaywanttoretrievethosefilesalone.Meanwhile,ifjustyoursettingsareaffected,you'llwantasimplewaytorollbacktoyourpreferredsetup.Yet,shouldyouroperatingsystemfail,you'llneedawaytobootyourcomputerandperformlarge-scalerecovery.Computercrisescomeinallshapesandsizes,andyourbackupandrecoverytoolsmustbeflexibleenoughtomeeteachchallenge.TheRightToolsfortheRightJob:GearingupforDisasterG:Whendisasterstrikes,thequalityofyourbackuptoolscanmakethedifferencebetweenutterfrustrationandpeaceofmind.Symantecunderstandsthisandoffersarangeoftopqualitybackupandrecoverysolutions.NortonGoBackistheperfecttoolforrandomsystemcrashes,failedinstallations,andinadvertentdeletions.Withthispowerfulandconvenientsolution,it'ssimpletoretrieveoverwrittenfilesortobringyoursystembacktoitspre-crashstate.NortonGhostisatime-testedhomeofficesolution.Equippedtohandlefull-scalebackups,it'salsohandyforcloningharddrivesandfacilitatingsystemupgrades.AfavoritechoiceforITprofessionals,it'stheidealtoolfortheburgeoninghomeoffice.YoucanbuyNortonGhostandNortonGoBackseparately,orgetthembothwhenyoupurchaseNortonSystemWorks.H:Life'sdisasters,largeandsmall,oftencatchusbysurprise.However,withalittleplanningandtherighttools,youcanreducethosedisasterstobumpsintheroad.So,don'twaitanotherday.Buyagoodsetofdisasterrecoverytools,setupanautomaticbackupschedule,andperformadryruneverynowandagain.Then,resteasy.1.Youshouldtakestepstorecoverfromcomputerdisasterssoastominimizetheireffects.2.Forsomereason,computerdisasterrecoveryisalwaysignoredbymanyofus.3.Youcanbouncebackquicklyandeasilyminorcomputerdisasterswiththehelpofagoodoffsitestorageplanandtherighttools.4.Themostdevastatingcausesofpersonalcomputerdestructionincludeshousefiresandfloods.5.It'snecessaryforustobackupoursystemstosometransferablemediumandtoputitsomewhereelse.6.Youshouldfindadistantplacetostoreyourbackupsafterselectingyourtoolsandasuitablemedium.7.Notonlyphysicaldisastercandamageyourcomputer.8.Thebackupandrecoverytoolsmustbeflexibleenoughtodealwithvariouscomputercrises.9.Thequalityofyourbackuptoolsdetermineswhetheryouarefrustratedorhaveapeacefulmindwhendisasterstrikes.10.Youshouldprepareforyourcomputerdisastersnowandagain.2013年12月英語六級改革模擬練習(xí)：長篇閱讀（4）DefinitionsofObesityA:Howdoesonedefinewhenapersonisconsideredtobeobeseandnotjustsomewhatoverweight?Height-weighttablesgiveanapproximateguidelineastowhetheroneissimplyoverweightorhaspassedintotheobesestage.B:TheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendsusingaformulathattakesintoaccountaperson'sheightandweight.The"BodyMassIndex"(BMI)iscalculatedbydividingtheperson'sweightinkilogramsbythesquareoftheirheightinmeters,andisthusgiveninunitsofkg/m2.ABMIof18.5-24.9isconsideredtobethehealthiest.ABMIofbetween25and29.9isconsideredtobeoverweight,whileaBMIofover30isconsideredtobeobese.C:However,itisrecognizedthatthisdefinitionislimitedasitdoesnottakeintoaccountsuchvariablesasage,genderandethnicorigin,thelatterbeingimportantasdifferentethnicgroupshaveverydifferentfatdistributions.Anothershortcomingisthatitisnotapplicabletocertainverymuscularpeoplesuchasathletesandbodybuilders,whocanalsohaveartificiallyhighBMIs.AgenciessuchastheNationalCholesterolEducationProgram(NCEP)intheUSAandtheInternationalDiabetesFoundation(IDF)arestartingtodefineobesityinadultssimplyintermsofwaistcircumference.HealthEffectsofObesityD:Over2000yearsago,theGreekphysicianHippocrateswrotethat"personswhoarenaturallyveryfatareapttodieearlierthanthosewhoareslender".Thisobservationremainsverytruetoday.Obesityhasamajorimpactonaperson'sphysical,socialandemotionalwell-being.Itincreasestheriskofdevelopingdiabetesmellitustype2("matureonsetdiabetes")andalsomakesType2diabetesmoredifficulttocontrol.Thusweightlossimprovesthelevelsofbloodglucoseandbloodfats,andreducesbloodpressure.Theassociationbetweenobesityandcoronaryheartdiseaseisalsowell-known.CancerE:Furthermore,in2001medicalresearchersestablishedalinkbetweenbeingoverweightandcertainformsofcancer,andestimatedthatnearly10,000Britonsperyeardevelopcancerasaresultofbeingoverweight.Thisfigurewasmadeupof5,893womenand3,220men,withthestrongestassociationsbeingwithbreastandcoloncancers.However,itisthoughtthatbeingoverweightmayalsoincreasetheriskofcancerinthereproductiveorgansforwomenandintheprostateglandformen.F:Thelinkbetweenbreastcancerandnutritionalstatusisthoughttobeduetothesteroidhormonesoestrogenandprogesterone,whichareproducedbytheovaries,andgovernawoman'smenstrualcycle.Researchershavefoundthatthemoreawomaneats,orthemoresedentaryherlifestyle,thehigheraretheconcentrationsofprogesterone.Thislinkcouldexplainwhywomenfromlessaffluentcountrieshavelowerratesofbreastcancer.Womenfromlessaffluentnationstendtoeatlessfoodandtoleadlifestyleswhichinvolvemoredailymovement.Thislowerstheirprogesteronelevel,resultinginlowerpredispositiontobreastcancer.G:TheTimesnewspaper,in2002reportedthatobesitywasthemainavoidablecauseofcanceramongnon-smokersintheWesternworld!AgingH:ResearchpublishedbyStThomas'Hospital,London,UKin2005showedacorrelationbetweenbodyfatandaging,totheextentthatbeingobeseadded8.8yearstoawoman'sbiologicalage.Theeffectwasexacerbatedbysmoking,andanon-overweightwomanwhosmokes20cigarettesadayfor20yearsadded7.4yearstotheirbiologicalage.Thecombinationofbeingobeseandasmokeraddedatleasttenyearstoawoman’sbiologicalage,andalthoughthestudyonlyinvolvedwomen,theleadresearcherProfessorTimSpectorbelievesthefindingwouldalsoapplytomen.I:Theagingeffectwasdeterminedbymeasuringthelengthoftelomeres,tiny"caps"ontheendsofchromosomes,whichhelpprotecttheDNAfromtheageingprocess.Indeed,telomereshavebeendubbedthe"chromosomalclock"because,asanorganismages,theybecomeprogressivelyshorter,andcanbeusedtodeterminetheageoftheorganism.Beyondacertainpoint,thetelomerebecomessoshortthatitisnolongerabletopreventtheDNAofthechromosomefromfallingapart.Itisbelievedthatexcessbodyfat,andthechemicalspresentintobaccosmokereleasefreeradicalswhichtriggerinflammation.Inflammationcausestheproductionofwhitebloodcellswhichincreasestherateoferosionoftelomeres.DementiaJ:Recentresearch(2005)conductedintheUSAshowsthatobesityinmiddleageislinkedtoanincreasedriskofdementia,withobesepeopleintheir40sbeing74%morelikelytodevelopdementiacomparedtothoseofnormalweight.Forthosewhoaremerelyoverweight,thelifetimeriskofdementiariskwas35%higher.K:ScientistsfromtheAgingResearchCentreattheKarolinskaInstituteinSwedenhavebeenabletotakeinformationsuchasage,numberofyearsineducation,gender,bodymassindex,bloodpressurelevel,physicalactivityandgeneticfactors,assigningeachariskscore.Theythenusedthisinformationtodeviseapredictivetestfordementia.Thistestwillenablepeopleatrisk,forthefirsttime,tobeabletoaffectlifestylechangeswhichwillreducetheirriskofcontractingdementia.OtherProblemsL:Theworld-wideupsurgeinobesity,particularlyinchildren,isofmajoreconomicconcern,liabletodraineconomies.OffurtherconcernisthatresearchconductedinAustraliaandpublishedin2006,showsthatuptoonethirdofbreechpregnancieswereundetectedbythetraditional"palpation"examination,thedangerbeinggreatestforthosewomenwhoareoverweightorobese—agrowingproportionofmothers.Thismeansthatsuchwomenarenotgettingthetreatmentrequiredtoturnthebabyaroundintimeforthebirth,andinmanycasesrequireanemergencyCaesareansection.M:Thisisatruehealth-carecrisis,farbiggerthanSevereAcuteRespiratorySyndrome(SARS)andultimately,evenbiggerthanAIDS.1.Youcanjudgewhetheroneissimplyoverweightorhaspassedintotheobesestageaccordingtotheheight-weighttable.2.Usingthe"BodyMassIndex"todefineaperson'sweightidealislimited,becauseitdoesnottakesintoaccountmanyvariablessuchasage,genderandethnicorigin.3.Aperson'semotionalwell-beingwouldbeaffectedbyobesity.4.Obesityhassomethingtodowithcancerintheprostateglandforman.5.Womenfromlessaffluentnationstendtohavemuchlessbreastcancer.6.Anon-overweightwomanwhosmokes20cigarettesadayfor20yearsadded7.4yearstoherbiologicalage.7.Theexcessbodyfat,likethechemicalspresentintobaccosmoke,canleadtoinflammation.8.Obesepeopleinmiddleagerunanincreasedriskofdementia.9.Thepredictivetestfordementiawillhelppeopletoaffectlifestylechangesthatwillreducetheirriskofcontractin