高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)議論文閱讀方法+課件

高中議論文閱讀方法議論文類型題簡介※議論文的文章類型：觀點、辯論觀點類：作者個人的觀點立場情感體現(xiàn)辯論類：多方觀點沖突，作者觀點收尾※正確選項與文章主題密切相關(guān)議論文體現(xiàn)作者態(tài)度，說明文體現(xiàn)客觀事實Ⅰ.閱讀方法1.文章結(jié)構(gòu)（1）論點（2）論據(jù)（3）

論證（4）

觀點態(tài)度Ⅱ.例題講解真題再現(xiàn)-結(jié)構(gòu)再現(xiàn)

天津.2021高考【1】Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.Knowingalittleaboutalotofthingsthatinterestyoucanaddtotherichnessofawhole,well-livedlife.【2】Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.Thereisagreatdealofpressuretomasterone’sfield.Youmaypursuetraining,degrees,orincreasinglevelsofresponsibilityatwork.Thenyoudiscoverthepressureofhavingtokeepup.提出論點運用論據(jù)論證(分析利弊)真題再現(xiàn)-結(jié)構(gòu)再現(xiàn)

天津.2021高考13.Tobecomeaspecialist,onemayhaveto________.A.narrowhisrangeofknowledgeB.broadenhisperspectiveonlifeC.knowmoreaboutthesocietyD.avoidresponsibilitiesatwork14.ThespecialistsmentionedinParagraph3tendto________.A.enjoymeetingfunnypeopleB.travelaroundtheworldC.spendmosttimeworkingD.treasuretheirfreedom15.Accordingtotheauthor,asuperiordoctorisonewho________.A.shouldlovepoetryandphilosophyB.isapurespecialistinmedicineC.isfullyawareofhistalentandabilityD.bringsknowledgeofotherfieldstowork考察論點考察論據(jù)考察論據(jù)16.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththeexampleofToni?A.Everyonehasachancetosucceedintheirpursuit.B.In-depthexplorationmakesdiscoveriespossible.C.Passionalonedoesnotensureaperson’ssuccess.D.Seeminglyunrelatedinterestsareinawayconnected.17.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.BeMoreaGeneralistThanaSpecialistB.SpecialistorGeneralist:HardtoDecideC.TurnaGeneralistintoaSpecialistD.WaystoBecomeaGeneralist真題再現(xiàn)-結(jié)構(gòu)再現(xiàn)

天津.2021高考考查論證考查主旨大意2.考查重點(1)論點Increasingly,Americansarebecomingtheirowndoctors,bygoingonlinetodiagnosetheirsymptoms,orderhomehealthtestsormedicaldevices,orevenself-treattheirillnesseswithdrugsfromInternetpharmacies(藥店).Someavoiddoctorsbecauseofthehighcostofmedicalcare,especiallyiftheylackhealthinsurance.Ortheymaystayawaybecausetheyfinditembarrassingtodiscusstheirweightorcouchpotatohabits.Patientsmayalsofearwhattheymightlearnabouttheirhealth,ortheydistrustphysiciansbecauseofnegativeexperiencesinthepast.Butplayingdoctorcanalsobeadeadlygame.Whichofthefollowingistheauthor'smainargument?A.It'scheaptoself-treatyourownillness.B.It'sembarrassingtodiscussyourbadhabits.C.It'sreasonabletolookupamedicalwebsite.D.It'sdangeroustobeyourowndoctor.議論文閱讀方法(2)論據(jù)常見關(guān)鍵詞：insb'sopinion...;mostlikelyagree...Whatisbeingcalledartificialgeneralintelligence,machinesthatwouldimitatethewayhumansthink,continuestoevade(難倒)scientists.Yethumansremainfascinatedbytheideaofrobotsthatwouldlook,move,andrespondlikehumans,similartothoserecentlydepictedonpopularsci-fiTVseriessuchas"WestWorld"and"Humans".Howpeoplethinkisstillfartoocomplextobeunderstood,letalonereproduced,saysDavidEagleman,aStanfordUniversityneuroscientist."Wearejustinasituationwheretherearenogoodtheoriesexplainingwhatconsciousnessactuallyisandhowyoucouldeverbuildamachinetogetthere."InDavidEagleman'sopinion,ourcurrentknowledgeofconsciousness

.

A.helpsexplainartificialintelligence

B.canbemisleadingtorobotmakingC.inspirespopularsci-fiTVseriesD.istoolimitedforustoreproduceit議論文閱讀方法（3）論證Shethinksthatniksenisessential(重要的)tostayinghealthy,sinceit'saformofmentalrelaxationandhealing(治愈).Justasawildanimalliesinwaitfortheirprey(獵物),niksenseemstobeanaturalstateofbeing.Forsomepeople,niksencanmeanmorethanjuststressreduction.It'salsoawaytoimaginenewideasorplans.Asanearlyadopterofniksen,JennyHolden,acommunicationsexpertintheUK,addsittoherdailylunchbreaks."Within10minutesofdoingnothing—juststaringandlisteningtomyself—myheadbegantoclearandsortoutmyworkandhometo-dolists,"shetoldtheMetroUK.Holden'sexampleistoshow

.A.niksencanshortenthedistancebetweenpeopleB.howniksenimprovesone'smentalhealthC.nikseniscloselyrelatedtostressreductionD.niksenhelpspeoplecomeupwithnewthoughts議論文閱讀方法（3）論證Tolearntothinkistolearntoquestion.Thosewhodon'tquestionnevertrulythinkforthemselves.Thesearesimplerulesthathavegovernedtheadvancementofscienceandhumanthoughtsincethebeginningoftime.Advancementsaremadewhenthinkersquestiontheoriesandintroducenewones.Unfortunately,itisoftenthegreatandrespectedthinkerswhoendupslowingtheprogressofhumanthought.Aristotlewasabrilliantphilosopherwhosetheoriesexplainedmuchofthenaturalworld,oftenincorrectly.Hewassoesteemedbythescientificcommunitythateven1,200yearsafterhisdeath,scientistswerestilltryingtobuilduponhismistakesratherthancorrectthem!Inthefirstparagraph,Aristotleistakenasanexampletoshowthat

A.heisthegreatestandrespectedphilosopherofalltimeB.hugeinfluenceofgreatthinkersmayblockhumanthoughtC.advancementsaremadewhenthinkersquestiontheoriesD.greatthinkersoftenmakemistakesandthencorrectthem議論文閱讀方法（3）論證：補充練習(xí)Iwouldhavealsotoldthestudenthewasmisinformedaboutthejobmarket.Manyemployerslookforgraduateswithspecializedtechnicalskillsaswellasotherabilities.Astheworldischangingbyartificialintelligence,machinelearning,andautomation,theuniquehumanqualitiesofcreativity,imagination,andmoralreasoningwillbehighlyvalued.Alltheseskillsaredevelopedinhumanitiescourses.Further,whileadegreeforthesciencemajorisanimportantpreconditionformanyjobs,itisnottheonlyroute.LookatthefoundersofcompaniessuchasLinked,Slack,andFlicker,whoareamongthemanytechbusinesspersonswithdegreesinthehumanities,andwhocontributetheirsuccesstothattraining.Whydoestheauthormentionsuccessfulfoundersofcompanies?A.Topraisetheirhardworkingandcreativethinking.B.Tocallonstudentstostudyhumanitiesratherthanscience.C.Tocriticizethosestudentswholookdownuponhumanities.D.Toconveythemessagethathumanitiescontributealottoasuccessfulcareer.議論文閱讀方法（4）觀點態(tài)度"Gardeningisnotforeveryone,"saysMariaDevereaux,aprojectofficeratSustain."But,increasinglynow,we'vegotevidencethatevenpeoplewhoaren'tgardenersareabletoharvestthebenefitsofbeingoutsideworkingwithnatureandallthethingsthatcomewithit."EvidencecollectedbyGrowingHealthfoundsimplyviewingagreenspacethroughawindowcouldhelppeoplerelaxandreducestresslevels.Otherevidenceconfirmedthatthephysicalactivityofgardeningcouldimprovementalwell-being.What'sMariaDevereaux'sattitudetowardsGardening?A.Optimistic.B.Critical.C.Indifferent.D.Disapproving議論文閱讀方法常見表觀點態(tài)度的詞：正向:positive，optimistic，supporting，approval，favorable，approving負(fù)向:negative,pessimistic,passive，disapproval，disapproving,critical中立:

objective，neutral拓展知識[1]Let'stakeamomenttoconsiderthewordsofoneofAmerica'smostremarkablephilosophers,HenryDavidThoreau.[2]Thoreauspenttheyears1845-1847livingontheoutskirtsofsocietyinasmallcabininthewoodsbythesideofWaldonPond.Hecalledthisperiodofhislifeanexperimentofintentionallivingandwrotethisfamousparagraph:[3]IwenttothewoodsbecauseIwishedtolivedeliberately,tofrontonlytheessentialfactsoflife,andseeifIcouldnotlearnwhatithadtoteach,andnotwhenIcametodie,discoverthatIhadnotlived.Iwantedtolivedeepandsuckoutallthemarrowoflife.[4]ThereisgreatwisdominThoreau'spurposehere,andIthinkit'sveryusefultoaskourselvesthisquestion:Whatwouldourlivesbelikeifwesuckedallthemarrowoutoflife?[5]IfThoreau'squotesoundsfamiliar,itmaybefromwatchingthefilmDeadPoetsSociety,amoviewithdeepwisdom.Thefilmisaboutyoungmenataboardingschoolastheypreparetodogoodintheworldbecausetheyhavetheprivilegetobringaboutchange.TheirEnglishteacherplayedbyRobinWilliams,triestoconvincethemthattheyshouldlivelifewellnowinsteadofbelievingthattheywillfindhappinessaftertheyreachcertaingoals.PartofhisargumentisconveyedbyquotingthisfamouspassagefromThoreau.例題講解Suckingthemarrowoutoflifesoundssimpleenough,butasamatteroffact,itmaybethemostdifficultthingthatwecaneverdo.Butitactuallyisassimpleasitsounds—though"simple"isnotquitethesamethingas"easy".Icanthinkofonebarrierthatoftenkeepsusfromlivingourbestlives.Whatkeepsusfromgettingthemostoutoflifeisourdesireforapprovalandfame.Intheprocessofalwayslookingforfameandglory,thereisthedangerthatwewillstopliving.Inordertoseekapprovalfromothers,wefailtofindasenseofapprovalwithinourownspirit.Whenwebecomeawarethatwearemissingsomuchoutoflife,wecandecidethatwewanttomakechanges.Ourbestmoveistostartsmall.Ifwearehavingameal,whetheragreatfestivalfeastoramodestsupper,itisalwayswithinourpowertotakeitslowlyandreallyfeel,taste,andenjoythefoodbeforeus.FewofuscaneasilydolikeHenryDavidThoreauandgetawayfromitallinthewilderness.Butwecanmakesmallchangeseverysingleday.例題講解1.WhatwisdomisconveyedinThoreau'swords?A.Stayawayfromcitylife.

B.Liveone'slifetothefullest.C.Onlynaturecanbringhappiness.

D.Onecanneverbetoooldtolearn.2.WhydidtheauthormentionthefilmDeadPoetsSociety?A.Torecommendagoodfilm.

B.Topraisetheteacher'swisdom.C.TofurtherillustrateThoreau'swisdom.

D.TostatethefilmwasadaptedfromThoreau'sworks.3.What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardspeople'sseekingforapproval?A.Critical.

B.Supportive.

C.Sympathetic.

D.Unconcerned.4.Howcanpeoplechangelifeforthebetteraccordingtotheauthor?A.Liveinthewildness.B.Sethighergoals.C.Makesmallchangesdaily.D.Readmoreclassics.5.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.AskforMore:ThoreauExposestheMeaningofLifeB.SunkinThought:ThoreauOutshinesAncientPhilosophersC.AimHigh:Thoreau'sPracticalAdviceEnsuresSuccessfulLifeD.ToLiveIntentionally:Thoreau'sPhilosophyRemainsValuableCommunitiesacrosstheworldarestartingtobanfacialrecognitiontechnologies．Theeffortsarewellintentioned，butbanningfacialrecognitionisthewrongwaytofightagainstmodemsurveillance（監(jiān)視）．Generally，modernmasssurveillancehasthreebroadcomponents：identification，correlationanddiscrimination．Facialrecognitionisatechnologythatcanbeusedtoidentifypeoplewithouttheirconsent．Onceweareidentified，thedataaboutwhoweareandwhatwearedoingcanbecorrelatedwithotherdata．Thismightbemovementdata，whichcanbeusedto"follow"usaswemovethroughoutourday．Itcanbepurchasingdata，Internetbrowsingdata，ordataaboutwhowetalktoviaemailortext．Itmightbedataaboutourincome，ethnicity，lifestyle，professionandinterests．Thereisanentireindustryofdatabrokerswhomakealivingbysellingourdatawithoutourconsent．It'snotjustthattheyknowwhoweare；it'sthattheycorrelatewhattheyknowaboutustocreateprofilesaboutwhoweareandwhatourinterestsare．Thewholepurposeofthisprocessisforcompaniestotreatindividualsdifferently．WeareshowndifferentadsontheInternetandreceivedifferentoffersforcreditcards．Inthefuture，wemightbetreateddifferentlywhenwewalkintoastore，justaswecurrentlyarewhenwevisitwebsites．Itdoesn'tmatterwhichtechnologyisusedtoidentifypeople．What'simportantisthatwecanbeconsistentlyidentifiedovertime．Wemightbecompletelyanonymous（匿名的）inasystemthatusesuniquecookiestotrackusaswebrowsetheInternet，butthesameprocessofcorrelationanddiscriminationstilloccurs．

例題講解

Regulatingthissystemmeansaddressingallthreestepsoftheprocess．Abanonfacialrecognitionwon'tmakeanydifference．Theproblemisthatwearebeingidentifiedwithoutourknowledgeorconsent，andsocietyneedsrulesaboutwhenthatispermissible.．Similarly，weneedrulesabouthowourdatacanbecombinedwithotherdata，andthenboughtandsoldwithoutourknowledgeorconsent．Thedatabrokerindustryisalmostentirelyunregulatednow.Reasonablelawswouldpreventtheworstoftheirabuses．Finally，weneedbetterrulesaboutwhenandhowitispermissibleforcompaniestodiscriminate．Discriminationbasedonprotectedcharacteristicslikeraceandgenderisalreadyillegal，butthoserulesareineffectualagainstthecurrenttechnologie