2023-2024學(xué)年高一英語續(xù)寫之動(dòng)作描寫課件

動(dòng)作描寫動(dòng)作描寫動(dòng)作描寫是刻畫人物的重要方法之一。通過具體細(xì)致地描寫某一人物在某一情況下的動(dòng)作反應(yīng)、我們能夠更好地表現(xiàn)故事中人物的身份、地位、性格、品質(zhì)、情感、處世態(tài)度、心理活動(dòng)等，使人物形象立體化，同時(shí)推動(dòng)故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展。我們?cè)谶M(jìn)行動(dòng)作描寫時(shí)應(yīng)遵循以下原則：(1)精選動(dòng)詞，準(zhǔn)確描述動(dòng)作。英語中，表現(xiàn)一個(gè)動(dòng)作時(shí)往往有許多動(dòng)詞可以選擇，但這些詞的意思往往有些許差別。我們?cè)谥攸c(diǎn)刻畫某個(gè)特定的動(dòng)作時(shí)，一定要選取含義明確且具象的動(dòng)詞，而不用抽象或者虛化的動(dòng)詞。這就要求我們?cè)诜e累動(dòng)作詞匯時(shí)，要準(zhǔn)確地理解詞匯的含義，掌握近義詞的區(qū)別，從而選取最合適、最精準(zhǔn)的詞，來達(dá)到細(xì)膩、生動(dòng)的描寫效果。我們來對(duì)比下面三組句子：Group1:Hesaidsomethingtoherinalowvoice.他低聲對(duì)她說了些什么。Heleanedoverandwhisperedsomethinginherear.他俯下身，在她耳邊輕聲說了些什么。第一句中的“saidsomethingtoher”沒有任何感情色彩，只是陳述事實(shí)，而第二句中使用了具體化的表示“說”的動(dòng)詞“whispered”，同時(shí)還配有小動(dòng)作“l(fā)eanedover”，使語句很有畫面感。Group2:Anenormouswhalejumpedoutofthewaterandthendroppedagain.一頭巨大的鯨魚跳出水面，然后又掉了下去。Anenormouswhalethrewitselfoutofthewaterandthencrasheddownagain.一次巨大的鯨魚從水中躍出，然后再次墜落。第一句中的“jumped”和“dropped”沒有把這頭鯨的特點(diǎn)“enormous”體現(xiàn)出來，而第二句中的“threw”和“crashed”相較于“jumped”和“dropped”更為精確，讓讀者充分感受到了鯨的重量和其動(dòng)作的力量。Group3:"I'llneverforgiveyou,Petersaid,andthenhewalkedoutoftheroomwithoutabackward

glance(n.一瞥；v.瞥；瀏覽).“我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)原諒你，”彼得說，然后他頭也不回地走出了房間。"I'llneverforgiveyou,"Petersaid,andthenhestormedoutoftheroomwithoutabackward

glance.“我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)原諒你，”彼得說，然后他頭也不回地沖出了房間。通過“I'llneverforgiveyou"，我們可以判斷出Peter非常生氣。而第一句中用“walked完全體現(xiàn)不出他的生氣，換成“stormed”后，表示Peter頭也不回地“沖”出房間，更能體出人物的情感。即學(xué)即練選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列的句子。screamed,sighed,chatted,scolded,stammered1.“W-w-what?”he______________________.2.Withinminutesofbeingintroducedthey__________________awaylikeoldfriends.3.He________________themforarrivinglate.4.“Ohwell,betterlucknexttime,”she_________________.5.“Liar!”Sarah_______________asshethrashed(揍)thechild.“Youstoleit.”v.結(jié)巴地說出stammeredchattedscoldedsighedscreamed細(xì)化動(dòng)作，體現(xiàn)動(dòng)作過程。成功的動(dòng)作描寫可以反映人物的心理活動(dòng)，可以表現(xiàn)人物的性格特征。相反，空洞、籠統(tǒng)的動(dòng)作描寫會(huì)使內(nèi)容缺乏生動(dòng)性，使人物形象不豐滿。人物的動(dòng)作或簡單，或復(fù)雜，都不是一下子就能完成的，只有細(xì)心觀察才能捕捉到最能體現(xiàn)人物特征的慢鏡頭。因此，在描寫動(dòng)作時(shí)，要學(xué)會(huì)細(xì)化動(dòng)作，把動(dòng)作過程分解成一連串細(xì)微的動(dòng)作，形成動(dòng)作鏈，寫出動(dòng)作的連貫性，這樣才能使動(dòng)作描寫具有畫面感，使人物形象更立體、豐滿。下面介紹幾種構(gòu)建動(dòng)作過程化最常用的方法：①動(dòng)作三連法(A,BandC)例1：他上了出租車。動(dòng)作拆解：上車→攔車+上車+告知目的地Hestoppedataxi,jumpedinwiththesuitcaseandtoldthedriver,"Gototheairport,please."例2：這個(gè)歌手開始唱歌。動(dòng)作拆解：歌手唱歌→掃視觀眾+深呼吸+開始唱歌Thesingerglancedattheaudience,tookadeepbreathandbegantosing.②非謂語動(dòng)詞第一種：用現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)同一對(duì)象同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)做出不同的動(dòng)作例1：學(xué)生們進(jìn)教室了。動(dòng)作拆解：學(xué)生進(jìn)教室→進(jìn)教室+有說有笑Thestudentscameintotheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.例2：我們談笑著。動(dòng)作拆解：我們談笑→坐在篝火旁+談笑Sittingaroundthecampfire,weweretalkingandlaughing.例3：父親撫摸著我的頭發(fā)。動(dòng)作拆解：撫摸頭發(fā)→看著我+撫摸頭發(fā)+和我說話Lookingstraightintomyeyes,Dadstrokes(輕撫)myhair,whispering,“Youarethemost

beautifulgirlI'veeverseen.第二種：用havingdone凸顯同一對(duì)象做出的動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系例1：他決定什么都不做。動(dòng)作拆解：決定一先思考+后決定Havingthoughtitovercarefully,hedecidednottodoanything.例2：她終于買到了最喜歡的熱狗。動(dòng)作拆解：買到了熱狗→排隊(duì)+終于買到Havingwaitedinlineforonehour,shefinallygotherfavoritehotdog.③when、while、as、before、after引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句例1：她加入了志愿者隊(duì)伍。動(dòng)作拆解：加入志愿者隊(duì)伍→聽到招募的消息+申請(qǐng)加入Whensheheardthatalocalhospitalwaslookingforpeopletosewprotectivegear(防護(hù)服),sheimmediatelyvolunteered.例2：我聽到一聲巨響。動(dòng)作拆解：聽到巨響→在車站等車+聽到聲音When/WhileIwaswaitingatthestop.Iheardabignoise.例3：他換上了干凈的衣服。動(dòng)作拆解：換上干凈的衣服→洗澡+擦干+換衣服Hetookacoldshowerandthentoweledhimself(用毛巾擦干身體)beforeheputonthefreshclothes.小貼士：①在進(jìn)行續(xù)寫時(shí)，我們并不是要把所有的動(dòng)作都進(jìn)行拆解，而是要選取最能反映人物身份、地位、性格、品質(zhì)、情感、處世態(tài)度、心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行拆解,形成動(dòng)作鏈,從而使人物形象更立體、飽滿。②動(dòng)作鏈有時(shí)會(huì)結(jié)合情感描寫、環(huán)境描寫、語言描寫等。Boilingwithrage,Samstormedoutoftheroom.screaming,"I'mnevercomingback!Sam怒不可遏，氣沖沖地沖出房間，尖叫著：“我再也不回來了！”本句中的“'Boilingwithrage”是情感描寫,“"stormed'”和“"screaming”是動(dòng)作鏈,同時(shí)將動(dòng)作描寫和語言描寫結(jié)合在了一起，形成了飽滿的動(dòng)作面，屬于高分表達(dá)。.Asnightfalls,wesitaroundthecampfire,sharingghoststories,curiousandfrightened.夜幕降臨，我們圍坐在篝火旁，分享鬼故事，既好奇又害怕。本句將環(huán)境描寫“Asnightfalls”、動(dòng)作描寫“sit”“sharing”和情感描寫“curiousand

frightened”結(jié)合在了一起，形成了飽滿的動(dòng)作面，也是值得我們學(xué)習(xí)的高分表達(dá)。即學(xué)即練根據(jù)提示改寫下列句子。a.Thebirdstruggledforawhile.Thenitlaytheremotionless(adj.不動(dòng)的，靜止的).(用非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)改寫句子)Havingstruggledforawhile,thebirdlaytheremotionless.b.Iburiedthebirdsecretly.Iwenthomehurriedly.(用時(shí)間狀語從句改寫句子)AfterIburiedthebirdsecretly,Iwenthomehurriedly./IburiedthebirdsecretlybeforeIwenthomehurriedly.c.Themantookthesack(n.麻袋；洗劫).Hereachedintohispocket.Heplacedfourcoinsinmyhand.(用動(dòng)作三連法改寫句子）Themantookthesack,reachedintohispocketandplacedfourcoinsinmyhand.（3）添加修飾成分，輔助動(dòng)作表達(dá)。適當(dāng)?shù)男揎椪Z能細(xì)致地表達(dá)出動(dòng)作的時(shí)間、幅度、速度和力度等，使得動(dòng)作更加生動(dòng)、形象、鮮明，人物更具活力，同時(shí)還能增強(qiáng)文章的表現(xiàn)力和吸引力。動(dòng)作描寫中最常見的修飾成分是狀語，如副詞、介詞短語等。我們來對(duì)比下面兩組句子：Group1Anelephantsurgedoutofthewoodsabout20maway,staringatus.Anelephantsuddenlysurgedoutofthewoodsabout20maway,staringdirectlyatus.很明顯，相較于第一句，第二句中的”suddenly“體現(xiàn)了大象從樹林中沖出來的瞬間性，而“directly”凸顯了大象“盯”的力度。n.洶涌；激增；大量；奔涌向前Group2Theboywassofrightenedthatherusheddownthestairsandranhome.Theboywassofrightenedthatherusheddownthestairsandranhomelikelightning.很明顯，相較于第一句，第二句添加了“l(fā)ikelighting”后更體現(xiàn)出小男孩的惶恐程度和反應(yīng)速度，增加了句子的表現(xiàn)力。即學(xué)即練選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子。wildly,angrily,completely,loudly,unsteadily1.Amaninthewaterwasshouting___________________andwavinghisarmsaround_____________________.2.Officialsreacted_____________________tothosecharges.3.Thewaiterwatchedhimgodownthestreet,averyoldmanwalking_____________________butwithdignity.4.Heawokefeeling___________________refreshed(清爽的；恢復(fù)精神的）.loudlywildlyangrilyunsteadilycompletelyadv.不穩(wěn)定地，搖擺地續(xù)寫練習(xí)

WhenIwaselevenyearsold,Ihadabigaccident.IgetscaredevennowwhenIthinkaboutthattime.I

wentskatingnearmyhouse.Thereweremanypeople,andIsawsomeofthemfallingontheice.

Itwasmyfirsttimetogoiceskating,soIwas

nervous.Iwaswonderinghowtoskate.Iwentwitha

friendwhowasveryskillful.Hespentsometime

teachingmehowtoskate,butIdidn'tlearnmuch.

Heleftmeandskatedallaround.Assoonashe

left,Ifelldown.Ienviedtheotherpeoplebecausethey

couldskatewell.

IwasboredbecauseIkeptfallingsoItookoffmy

skatesandjustwalkedaroundontheiceinmyshoes.It

wascoldandmyhandswerefrozen..

Suddenly,Isteppedonsomethingthatwasnot

hard.Whatwasit?Itwasaweakplaceintheice.WhenIsteppedthere,Isankundertheice.Ithought

thatIwasgoingtodie,butIdidmybesttograb

somethingtogetoutfromundertheice.Itridtograb

theedgeoftheice,butitwasverydifficultforan

eleven-year-old.

Itseemedlikeaverylongtime,likeayear.Then,fortunately,someonehelpedme.Hegrabbedmyarms

andpulledmeup.So,IlivedandI'mstillalivetoday.

Ithankedhim.Atthattime,myfriendcameback.Iwasannoyedathimbecausehewassupposedtotake

careofme,buthedidn't.Hewasembarrassed.WhenI

tookataxihome,thetaxidriverwassurprisedandasked

whathadhappened.Ididn'twanttosayanythingbecauseIwastiredandscared.Evennow,wheneverIthinkaboutthattime,Ifeeluncomfortable.Idon’twanttogoskatingagainevennow..Paragraph1:ItwaslonglongbeforeIwentskatingonceagain,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2:However,eversincethenIhaven’tfoundanytimetogoskating,______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph1:ItwaslonglongbeforeIwentskatingonceagain,andthatwaswhenwegraduatedfromtheuniversity.Ourmonitoradvisedusalltogoskating,andIdecidedtofollowhisadvicealthoughIstillfelyalittlescared.Soonwewereactiveontheice.Oneofmyroommateswasveryskillfulandshepatientlyexplainedtomehowtostart.Stepbystep,Iwasabletostandupontheicemyselfandheadedoutalittle,notsosteadilyandIfelldownmanytimes.IwasgratefultoherforImanagedtoskatethatday,thoughIcouldn’tbelikeothers,whocouldskatewell.Ihadanicetimethatday!Paragraph1:ItwaslongbeforeIwentskatingonceagain,accompaniedbyoneofmyfriends.ThistimeIwascarefulandcautious,andmyfriendtookspecialcareofme.IwassofortunatethistimethatIma