大學(xué)英語(yǔ)智慧樹(shù)知到課后章節(jié)答案2023年下沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)智慧樹(shù)知到課后章節(jié)答案2023年下沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)沈陽(yáng)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)

第二章測(cè)試

2.Inmanycases,identitytheftnotonlycausesthevictims‘immediatefinanciallossesbutcoststhemalottorestoretheirreputation.（）

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:錯(cuò)

Identitytheftisaminoroffenceanditsharmhasbeensomewhatoverestimated.（）

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:錯(cuò)

Itisimportantthatyourresumenotstayonlinelongerthanisnecessary.（）

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:對(duì)

OfthethreeoptionsofferedbyCareerBinSuggestion2,thethirdoneisapparentlymoststronglyrecommended.（）

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:錯(cuò)

Employersrequireapplicantstosubmitverypersonalinformationonbackgroundchecks.（）

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:錯(cuò)

Applicantsareadvisedtousegenericnamesforthemselvesandtheircurrentemployerswhenseekingemploymentonline.（）

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:對(duì)

第三章測(cè)試

Wefindthatbrightchildrenarerarelyheldbackbymixed-abilityteaching.Onthecontrary,boththeirknowledgeandexperienceareenriched.Wefeelthattherearemanydisadvantagesinstreaming(把....按能力分班)pupils.Itdoesnottakeintoaccountthefactthatchildrendevelopatdifferentrates.Itcanhaveabadeffectonboththebrightandthenot-so-brightchild.Afterall,itcanbequitediscouragingtobeatthebottomofthetopgrade!

Besides,itisratherunrealtogradepeoplejustaccordingtotheirintellectualability.Thisisonlyoneaspectoftheirtotalpersonality.Weareconcernedtodeveloptheabilitiesofallourpupilstothefull,notjusttheiracademicability.Wealsovaluepersonalqualitiesandsocialskills,andwefindthatmixed-abilityteachingcontributestoalltheseaspectsoflearning.

Inourclassrooms,weworkinvariousways.Thepupilsoftenworkingroups:thisgivesthemtheopportunitytolearntoco-operate,toshare,andtodevelopleadershipskill.Theyalsolearnhowtocopewithpersonalproblemsaswellaslearninghowtothink,tomakedecisions,toanalyzeandevaluate,andtocommunicateeffectively.Thepupilslearnfromeachotheraswellasfromtheteacher.

Sometimesthepupilsworkinpairs;sometimestheyworkonindividualtasksandassignments,andtheycandothisattheirownspeed.Theyalsohavesomeformalclassteachingwhenthisisappropriate.Weencourageourpupilstousethelibrary,andweteachthemtheskillstheyneedinordertodothisefficiently.Anadvancedpupilcandoadvancedwork,itdoesnotmatterwhatagethechildis.Weexpectourpupilstodotheirbest，nottheirleast,andwegivethemeveryencouragementtoattainthisgoal.

1、Inthepassagetheauthor'sattitudetowards“mixed-abilityteaching”is_________（）.

A:critical

B:Objective

C:approving

D:questioning

答案:approving

Wefindthatbrightchildrenarerarelyheldbackbymixed-abilityteaching.Onthecontrary,boththeirknowledgeandexperienceareenriched.Wefeelthattherearemanydisadvantagesinstreaming(把....按能力分班)pupils.Itdoesnottakeintoaccountthefactthatchildrendevelopatdifferentrates.Itcanhaveabadeffectonboththebrightandthenot-so-brightchild.Afterall,itcanbequitediscouragingtobeatthebottomofthetopgrade!

Besides,itisratherunrealtogradepeoplejustaccordingtotheirintellectualability.Thisisonlyoneaspectoftheirtotalpersonality.Weareconcernedtodeveloptheabilitiesofallourpupilstothefull,notjusttheiracademicability.Wealsovaluepersonalqualitiesandsocialskills,andwefindthatmixed-abilityteachingcontributestoalltheseaspectsoflearning.

Inourclassrooms,weworkinvariousways.Thepupilsoftenworkingroups:thisgivesthemtheopportunitytolearntoco-operate,toshare,andtodevelopleadershipskill.Theyalsolearnhowtocopewithpersonalproblemsaswellaslearninghowtothink,tomakedecisions,toanalyzeandevaluate,andtocommunicateeffectively.Thepupilslearnfromeachotheraswellasfromtheteacher.

Sometimesthepupilsworkinpairs;sometimestheyworkonindividualtasksandassignments,andtheycandothisattheirownspeed.Theyalsohavesomeformalclassteachingwhenthisisappropriate.Weencourageourpupilstousethelibrary,andweteachthemtheskillstheyneedinordertodothisefficiently.Anadvancedpupilcandoadvancedwork,itdoesnotmatterwhatagethechildis.Weexpectourpupilstodotheirbest，nottheirleast,andwegivethemeveryencouragementtoattainthisgoal.

2、By“heldback"(Line1)theauthormeans_________（）.

A:preventedfromadvancing

B:drawntotheirstudies

C:madetoremaininthesameclasses

D:forcedtostudyinthelowerclasses

答案:preventedfromadvancing

Wefindthatbrightchildrenarerarelyheldbackbymixed-abilityteaching.Onthecontrary,boththeirknowledgeandexperienceareenriched.Wefeelthattherearemanydisadvantagesinstreaming(把....按能力分班)pupils.Itdoesnottakeintoaccountthefactthatchildrendevelopatdifferentrates.Itcanhaveabadeffectonboththebrightandthenot-so-brightchild.Afterall,itcanbequitediscouragingtobeatthebottomofthetopgrade!

Besides,itisratherunrealtogradepeoplejustaccordingtotheirintellectualability.Thisisonlyoneaspectoftheirtotalpersonality.Weareconcernedtodeveloptheabilitiesofallourpupilstothefull,notjusttheiracademicability.Wealsovaluepersonalqualitiesandsocialskills,andwefindthatmixed-abilityteachingcontributestoalltheseaspectsoflearning.

Inourclassrooms,weworkinvariousways.Thepupilsoftenworkingroups:thisgivesthemtheopportunitytolearntoco-operate,toshare,andtodevelopleadershipskill.Theyalsolearnhowtocopewithpersonalproblemsaswellaslearninghowtothink,tomakedecisions,toanalyzeandevaluate,andtocommunicateeffectively.Thepupilslearnfromeachotheraswellasfromtheteacher.

Sometimesthepupilsworkinpairs;sometimestheyworkonindividualtasksandassignments,andtheycandothisattheirownspeed.Theyalsohavesomeformalclassteachingwhenthisisappropriate.Weencourageourpupilstousethelibrary,andweteachthemtheskillstheyneedinordertodothisefficiently.Anadvancedpupilcandoadvancedwork,itdoesnotmatterwhatagethechildis.Weexpectourpupilstodotheirbest，nottheirleast,andwegivethemeveryencouragementtoattainthisgoal.

3、Theauthorarguesthatateacher'schiefconcernshouldbethedevelopmentofthestudent's_________（）.

A:totalpersonality

B:intellectualability

C:learningabilityandcommunicativeskills

D:personalqualitiesandsocialskills

答案:totalpersonality

Wefindthatbrightchildrenarerarelyheldbackbymixed-abilityteaching.Onthecontrary,boththeirknowledgeandexperienceareenriched.Wefeelthattherearemanydisadvantagesinstreaming(把....按能力分班)pupils.Itdoesnottakeintoaccountthefactthatchildrendevelopatdifferentrates.Itcanhaveabadeffectonboththebrightandthenot-so-brightchild.Afterall,itcanbequitediscouragingtobeatthebottomofthetopgrade!

Besides,itisratherunrealtogradepeoplejustaccordingtotheirintellectualability.Thisisonlyoneaspectoftheirtotalpersonality.Weareconcernedtodeveloptheabilitiesofallourpupilstothefull,notjusttheiracademicability.Wealsovaluepersonalqualitiesandsocialskills,andwefindthatmixed-abilityteachingcontributestoalltheseaspectsoflearning.

Inourclassrooms,weworkinvariousways.Thepupilsoftenworkingroups:thisgivesthemtheopportunitytolearntoco-operate,toshare,andtodevelopleadershipskill.Theyalsolearnhowtocopewithpersonalproblemsaswellaslearninghowtothink,tomakedecisions,toanalyzeandevaluate,andtocommunicateeffectively.Thepupilslearnfromeachotheraswellasfromtheteacher.

Sometimesthepupilsworkinpairs;sometimestheyworkonindividualtasksandassignments,andtheycandothisattheirownspeed.Theyalsohavesomeformalclassteachingwhenthisisappropriate.Weencourageourpupilstousethelibrary,andweteachthemtheskillstheyneedinordertodothisefficiently.Anadvancedpupilcandoadvancedwork,itdoesnotmatterwhatagethechildis.Weexpectourpupilstodotheirbest，nottheirleast,andwegivethemeveryencouragementtoattainthisgoal.

4、WhichofthefollowingisNOTMENTIONEDinthethirdparagraph?（）.

A:Groupworkgivespupilstheopportunitytolearntoworktogetherwithothers.

B:Pupilsalsolearntodeveloptheirreasoningabilities.

C:Pupilsalsolearnhowtoparticipateinteachingactivities.

D:Groupworkprovidespupilswiththeopportunitytolearntobecapableorganizers.

答案:Pupilsalsolearnhowtoparticipateinteachingactivities.

Wefindthatbrightchildrenarerarelyheldbackbymixed-abilityteaching.Onthecontrary,boththeirknowledgeandexperienceareenriched.Wefeelthattherearemanydisadvantagesinstreaming(把....按能力分班)pupils.Itdoesnottakeintoaccountthefactthatchildrendevelopatdifferentrates.Itcanhaveabadeffectonboththebrightandthenot-so-brightchild.Afterall,itcanbequitediscouragingtobeatthebottomofthetopgrade!

Besides,itisratherunrealtogradepeoplejustaccordingtotheirintellectualability.Thisisonlyoneaspectoftheirtotalpersonality.Weareconcernedtodeveloptheabilitiesofallourpupilstothefull,notjusttheiracademicability.Wealsovaluepersonalqualitiesandsocialskills,andwefindthatmixed-abilityteachingcontributestoalltheseaspectsoflearning.

Inourclassrooms,weworkinvariousways.Thepupilsoftenworkingroups:thisgivesthemtheopportunitytolearntoco-operate,toshare,andtodevelopleadershipskill.Theyalsolearnhowtocopewithpersonalproblemsaswellaslearninghowtothink,tomakedecisions,toanalyzeandevaluate,andtocommunicateeffectively.Thepupilslearnfromeachotheraswellasfromtheteacher.

Sometimesthepupilsworkinpairs;sometimestheyworkonindividualtasksandassignments,andtheycandothisattheirownspeed.Theyalsohavesomeformalclassteachingwhenthisisappropriate.Weencourageourpupilstousethelibrary,andweteachthemtheskillstheyneedinordertodothisefficiently.Anadvancedpupilcandoadvancedwork,itdoesnotmatterwhatagethechildis.Weexpectourpupilstodotheirbest，nottheirleast,andwegivethemeveryencouragementtoattainthisgoal.

5、Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageisto_________（）.

A:offeradviceontheproperuseofthelibrary

B:recommendpairworkandgroupworkforclassroomactivities

C:argueforteachingbrightandnot-s0-brightpupilsinthesameclass

D:emphasizetheimportanceofappropriateformalclassroomteaching

答案:argueforteachingbrightandnot-s0-brightpupilsinthesameclass

MaxWeberwasoneofthemostimportantGermanintellectualsofhisday.Hebelievedthatsociologicalexplanationsmustderivefromanunderstandingofwhypeoplechoosetheactionstheydo.ThisbeliefdifferedsharplyfromDurkheim'sviewthatsocietyandindividualsshouldbestudiedatdifferentlevels.Weberacknowledgedthattherearesocialfactsthatmustbeanalyzedusingscientificmethods,buthearguedthatsocialfactsarethetotalresultofindividualactions.ThestressonindividualactionledWebertolookbeyondobjectivebehaviorandtofocusonpeople'ssubjectivebeliefs,attitudes,values,andmotives.AccordingtoWeber,sociologistsmustinterpret,notjustobserve.Theymusttrytoseeactionsfromthepointofviewoftheactor.Thisapproachhecalledverstehen,whichinGermanmeansemphaticunderstanding.Weberstressedthatverstehencouldbesystematic.Itdidnotreducesociologicalknowledgesimplytomatterofopinion.Butexplanations,inhisview,hadtogobeyondtheobjectivecountingofwhoinsocietyhaswhichsocialattributes(社會(huì)屬性).Explanations,accordingtoWeber,mustconsiderthesubjectivethoughtsandfeelingsthatleadtoparticularactions.LikeMarxandDurkheim,Weberwantedtounderstandtherapidsocialchangesoccurringinhistime.ToWeberthemostfundamentaltrendinthemodernerawasanincreasingrationalization(理性化)ofsocialactionandsocialinstitutions.Morespecifically,WebersawthehistoryofWesternsocietyintermsofashiftfromtraditionalorientations,tomorerationalorientations.Weberbelievedthatthegeneraltrendtowardincreasedrationalizationcouldbeseeninmanyaspectsofsociallife.Onewastheriseofscienceastheprincipalmethodofacquiringknowledge.Bytheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiespeoplewereincreasinglycomingtobelieveinscience,toconsideritsrational,systematicmethodssuperiortosimpleintuitionandcommonsense.Increasedrationalizationcouldalsobeseeninthegrowthofgovernmentbureaucracies(官僚制度),wherelawsarethebasisofauthority.Athirdareawheretheriseofrationalizationcouldbeseenwasinthedevelopmentofcapitalism.Capitalismrequirespeopletoanalyzemarkets,maximizetheefficiencyofproduction,calculatereturnsoninvestments,andcreatefinancialinstitutionstosupporteconomicexpansion,allthingsthatdemandalogical,reasonedapproachtotheworld.1、Thepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith______（）.

A:givingabriefbiographyofMaxWeber

B:presentingthesociologicaltheoryofMaxWeber

C:explainingtheimportanceoftheterm“verstehen”inWeber'stheory

D:showingseveralareasofsociallifeinWeber'stheory

答案:presentingthesociologicaltheoryofMaxWeber

MaxWeberwasoneofthemostimportantGermanintellectualsofhisday.Hebelievedthatsociologicalexplanationsmustderivefromanunderstandingofwhypeoplechoosetheactionstheydo.ThisbeliefdifferedsharplyfromDurkheim'sviewthatsocietyandindividualsshouldbestudiedatdifferentlevels.Weberacknowledgedthattherearesocialfactsthatmustbeanalyzedusingscientificmethods,buthearguedthatsocialfactsarethetotalresultofindividualactions.ThestressonindividualactionledWebertolookbeyondobjectivebehaviorandtofocusonpeople'ssubjectivebeliefs,attitudes,values,andmotives.AccordingtoWeber,sociologistsmustinterpret,notjustobserve.Theymusttrytoseeactionsfromthepointofviewoftheactor.Thisapproachhecalledverstehen,whichinGermanmeansemphaticunderstanding.Weberstressedthatverstehencouldbesystematic.Itdidnotreducesociologicalknowledgesimplytomatterofopinion.Butexplanations,inhisview,hadtogobeyondtheobjectivecountingofwhoinsocietyhaswhichsocialattributes(社會(huì)屬性).Explanations,accordingtoWeber,mustconsiderthesubjectivethoughtsandfeelingsthatleadtoparticularactions.LikeMarxandDurkheim,Weberwantedtounderstandtherapidsocialchangesoccurringinhistime.ToWeberthemostfundamentaltrendinthemodernerawasanincreasingrationalization(理性化)ofsocialactionandsocialinstitutions.Morespecifically,WebersawthehistoryofWesternsocietyintermsofashiftfromtraditionalorientations,tomorerationalorientations.Weberbelievedthatthegeneraltrendtowardincreasedrationalizationcouldbeseeninmanyaspectsofsociallife.Onewastheriseofscienceastheprincipalmethodofacquiringknowledge.Bytheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiespeoplewereincreasinglycomingtobelieveinscience,toconsideritsrational,systematicmethodssuperiortosimpleintuitionandcommonsense.Increasedrationalizationcouldalsobeseeninthegrowthofgovernmentbureaucracies(官僚制度),wherelawsarethebasisofauthority.Athirdareawheretheriseofrationalizationcouldbeseenwasinthedevelopmentofcapitalism.Capitalismrequirespeopletoanalyzemarkets,maximizetheefficiencyofproduction,calculatereturnsoninvestments,andcreatefinancialinstitutionstosupporteconomicexpansion,allthingsthatdemandalogical,reasonedapproachtotheworld.2、TheauthorimpliesthatMaxWeberwasdifferentfromDurkheiminthat______（）.

A:Weberbelievedsocietyandindividualsshouldbestudieddifferently

B:Weberplacedmoreemphasisonthemotivationofpeople'sactions

C:inWeber’sviewthesocialchangesmustbestudiedcarefully

D:Weberthoughtindividualactionsaretheresultofsociety

答案:Weberplacedmoreemphasisonthemotivationofpeople'sactions

MaxWeberwasoneofthemostimportantGermanintellectualsofhisday.Hebelievedthatsociologicalexplanationsmustderivefromanunderstandingofwhypeoplechoosetheactionstheydo.ThisbeliefdifferedsharplyfromDurkheim'sviewthatsocietyandindividualsshouldbestudiedatdifferentlevels.Weberacknowledgedthattherearesocialfactsthatmustbeanalyzedusingscientificmethods,buthearguedthatsocialfactsarethetotalresultofindividualactions.ThestressonindividualactionledWebertolookbeyondobjectivebehaviorandtofocusonpeople'ssubjectivebeliefs,attitudes,values,andmotives.AccordingtoWeber,sociologistsmustinterpret,notjustobserve.Theymusttrytoseeactionsfromthepointofviewoftheactor.Thisapproachhecalledverstehen,whichinGermanmeansemphaticunderstanding.Weberstressedthatverstehencouldbesystematic.Itdidnotreducesociologicalknowledgesimplytomatterofopinion.Butexplanations,inhisview,hadtogobeyondtheobjectivecountingofwhoinsocietyhaswhichsocialattributes(社會(huì)屬性).Explanations,accordingtoWeber,mustconsiderthesubjectivethoughtsandfeelingsthatleadtoparticularactions.LikeMarxandDurkheim,Weberwantedtounderstandtherapidsocialchangesoccurringinhistime.ToWeberthemostfundamentaltrendinthemodernerawasanincreasingrationalization(理性化)ofsocialactionandsocialinstitutions.Morespecifically,WebersawthehistoryofWesternsocietyintermsofashiftfromtraditionalorientations,tomorerationalorientations.Weberbelievedthatthegeneraltrendtowardincreasedrationalizationcouldbeseeninmanyaspectsofsociallife.Onewastheriseofscienceastheprincipalmethodofacquiringknowledge.Bytheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiespeoplewereincreasinglycomingtobelieveinscience,toconsideritsrational,systematicmethodssuperiortosimpleintuitionandcommonsense.Increasedrationalizationcouldalsobeseeninthegrowthofgovernmentbureaucracies(官僚制度),wherelawsarethebasisofauthority.Athirdareawheretheriseofrationalizationcouldbeseenwasinthedevelopmentofcapitalism.Capitalismrequirespeopletoanalyzemarkets,maximizetheefficiencyofproduction,calculatereturnsoninvestments,andcreatefinancialinstitutionstosupporteconomicexpansion,allthingsthatdemandalogical,reasonedapproachtotheworld.3、AccordingtoWeber,explanationsofindividualactions______（）.

A:shouldconsidertheperson'sthoughtsandfeelings

B:shouldinvolvealotofsystematicobservation

C:shouldrelatewithnoneotherthansocialattributes

D:shouldbecarriedonatdifferentlevelsofstudy

答案:shouldconsidertheperson'sthoughtsandfeelings

MaxWeberwasoneofthemostimportantGermanintellectualsofhisday.Hebelievedthatsociologicalexplanationsmustderivefromanunderstandingofwhypeoplechoosetheactionstheydo.ThisbeliefdifferedsharplyfromDurkheim'sviewthatsocietyandindividualsshouldbestudiedatdifferentlevels.Weberacknowledgedthattherearesocialfactsthatmustbeanalyzedusingscientificmethods,buthearguedthatsocialfactsarethetotalresultofindividualactions.ThestressonindividualactionledWebertolookbeyondobjectivebehaviorandtofocusonpeople'ssubjectivebeliefs,attitudes,values,andmotives.AccordingtoWeber,sociologistsmustinterpret,notjustobserve.Theymusttrytoseeactionsfromthepointofviewoftheactor.Thisapproachhecalledverstehen,whichinGermanmeansemphaticunderstanding.Weberstressedthatverstehencouldbesystematic.Itdidnotreducesociologicalknowledgesimplytomatterofopinion.Butexplanations,inhisview,hadtogobeyondtheobjectivecountingofwhoinsocietyhaswhichsocialattributes(社會(huì)屬性).Explanations,accordingtoWeber,mustconsiderthesubjectivethoughtsandfeelingsthatleadtoparticularactions.LikeMarxandDurkheim,Weberwantedtounderstandtherapidsocialchangesoccurringinhistime.ToWeberthemostfundamentaltrendinthemodernerawasanincreasingrationalization(理性化)ofsocialactionandsocialinstitutions.Morespecifically,WebersawthehistoryofWesternsocietyintermsofashiftfromtraditionalorientations,tomorerationalorientations.Weberbelievedthatthegeneraltrendtowardincreasedrationalizationcouldbeseeninmanyaspectsofsociallife.Onewastheriseofscienceastheprincipalmethodofacquiringknowledge.Bytheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiespeoplewereincreasinglycomingtobelieveinscience,toconsideritsrational,systematicmethodssuperiortosimpleintuitionandcommonsense.Increasedrationalizationcouldalsobeseeninthegrowthofgovernmentbureaucracies(官僚制度),wherelawsarethebasisofauthority.Athirdareawheretheriseofrationalizationcouldbeseenwasinthedevelopmentofcapitalism.Capitalismrequirespeopletoanalyzemarkets,maximizetheefficiencyofproduction,calculatereturnsoninvestments,andcreatefinancialinstitutionstosupporteconomicexpansion,allthingsthatdemandalogical,reasonedapproachtotheworld.4、

Oneofthereasonsfortheincreaseofrationalizationisthat______（）.

A:economygrewrapidly

B:capitalismdevelopedquickly

C:governmenthadmoreauthoritythanever

D:intuitionplayedamoreimportantroleinaction

答案:capitalismdevelopedquickly

MaxWeberwasoneofthemostimportantGermanintellectualsofhisday.Hebelievedthatsociologicalexplanationsmustderivefromanunderstandingofwhypeoplechoosetheactionstheydo.ThisbeliefdifferedsharplyfromDurkheim'sviewthatsocietyandindividualsshouldbestudiedatdifferentlevels.Weberacknowledgedthattherearesocialfactsthatmustbeanalyzedusingscientificmethods,buthearguedthatsocialfactsarethetotalresultofindividualactions.ThestressonindividualactionledWebertolookbeyondobjectivebehaviorandtofocusonpeople'ssubjectivebeliefs,attitudes,values,andmotives.AccordingtoWeber,sociologistsmustinterpret,notjustobserve.Theymusttrytoseeactionsfromthepointofviewoftheactor.Thisapproachhecalledverstehen,whichinGermanmeansemphaticunderstanding.Weberstressedthatverstehencouldbesystematic.Itdidnotreducesociologicalknowledgesimplytomatterofopinion.Butexplanations,inhisview,hadtogobeyondtheobjectivecountingofwhoinsocietyhaswhichsocialattributes(社會(huì)屬性).Explanations,accordingtoWeber,mustconsiderthesubjectivethoughtsandfeelingsthatleadtoparticularactions.LikeMarxandDurkheim,Weberwantedtounderstandtherapidsocialchangesoccurringinhistime.ToWeberthemostfundamentaltrendinthemodernerawasanincreasingrationalization(理性化)ofsocialactionandsocialinstitutions.Morespecifically,WebersawthehistoryofWesternsocietyintermsofashiftfromtraditionalorientations,tomorerationalorientations.Weberbelievedthatthegeneraltrendtowardincreasedrationalizationcouldbeseeninmanyaspectsofsociallife.Onewastheriseofscienceastheprincipalmethodofacquiringknowledge.Bytheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiespeoplewereincreasinglycomingtobelieveinscience,toconsideritsrational,systematicmethodssuperiortosimpleintuitionandcommonsense.Increasedrationalizationcouldalsobeseeninthegrowthofgovernmentbureaucracies(官僚制度),wherelawsarethebasisofauthority.Athirdareawheretheriseofrationalizationcouldbeseenwasinthedevelopmentofcapitalism.Capitalismrequirespeopletoanalyzemarkets,maximizetheefficiencyofproduction,calculatereturnsoninvestments,andcreatefinancialinstitutionstosupporteconomicexpansion,allthingsthatdemandalogical,reasonedapproachtotheworld.5、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsWeber'stheoryis______（）.

A:objective

B:criticizing

C:unclear

D:praising

答案:objective

第四章測(cè)試

*&%$#Passageone

Educatorstodayaremoreandmoreoftenheardtosaythatcomputerliteracyisabsolutelynecessaryforcollegestudents.Manyevenarguethateachincomingfreshmanshouldhavepermanentaccesstohisorherownmicrocomputer.Whatadvantagesdocomputersofferthecollegestudents?

Anystudentwhohasusedawordprocessorwillknowonecompellingreasontouseacomputer:towritepapers.Althoughnotallstudentsfeelcomfortablecomposingonawordprocessor,most,findrevisingandeditingmucheasieronit.Onecanalter,insert,ordeletejustbypressingafewkeys,thuseliminatingtheneedtorewriteorre-type.Furthermore,sincetherevisionprocessislessburdensome,studentsaremorelikelytoreviseasoftenasisnecessarytoendupwiththebestpaperpossible.Forthesereasons,manyfreshmanEnglishcompositionsrequiretheuseofawordprocessor.

Computersarealsousefulinthecontextoflanguagecourses,wheretheyareusedtodrillstudentsinbasicskills.SoftwareprogramsreinforceESL(EnglishasaSecondLanguage.instruction,aswellasinstructioninFrench,German,Spanish,andotherlanguages.Byusingtheseprogramsonaregularbasis,studentscanimprovetheirproficiencyinalanguagewhileproceedingattheirownpace.

Sciencestudentstakeadvantageofcomputersinmanyways.Usingcomputergraphiccapabilities,forexample,botanystudentscanrepresentandanalyzedifferentplantgrowthpatterns.Medicalstudentscanlearntointerpretcomputerizedimagesofinternalbodystructures.Physicsstudentscancompletecomplexcalculationsfarmorequicklythantheycouldwithouttheuseofcomputer.

Similarly,businessandaccountingstudentsfindthatcomputerspreadsheetprogramsareallbutindispensabletomanyaspectsoftheirwork,whilestudentspursuingcareersingraphicarts,marketing,andpublicrelationsfindthatknowledgeofcomputergraphicisimportantEducationmajorslearntodevelopgradingsystemsusingcomputers,whilesocialsciencestudentsusecomputersforanalyzingandgraphicallydisplacingtheirresearchresults.

Itisnowonder,then,thateducatorssupportthepurchaseanduseofmicrocomputersbystudents.AVersatiletool,thecomputercanhelpstudentslearn.Andthat