2023學(xué)年完整公開(kāi)課版賓語(yǔ)從句

六、賓語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)突破在句子中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句分為三類(lèi)：動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句，介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句和形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句。1．賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞(1)從屬連詞連接賓語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether.that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語(yǔ)從句，在很多動(dòng)詞如say，think，wish，hope，see，believe,agree，expect，hear，feel等動(dòng)詞后，連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不做句子的成分，在口語(yǔ)中常被省略。而if和whether引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的賓語(yǔ)從句。Shesaid(that)shewouldcometothemeeting.Ihoped(that)Iwould/shouldsucceed.Hetoldthathewouldgotothecollegethenextyear.Idon’tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore.Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.(2)連接代詞連接代詞主要有who，whom，whose，what，whoever，whomever，whosever，whatever，whichever等。連接代詞一般指疑問(wèn)，但what，whatever除了指疑問(wèn)外，也可以指陳述。DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?Idon’tknowwhomyoushoulddependon.ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsknow.HaveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuyaMotorolaorNokiacellphone?(3)連接副詞連接副詞主要有when，where，why,how,whenever，wherever，however等。Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.Couldyoupleasetellmehowyoureadthenewpanel?Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.2．動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句(1)從句大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句Weallexpectthattheywillwin，formembersoftheirteamarestronger.Hetoldusthattheywouldhelpusthoughthewholework.(2)部分“動(dòng)詞＋副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句Ihavefoundoutthatalltheticketsforthe

concerthavebeensoldout.Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?(3)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)也可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句常見(jiàn)的這些詞有：makesure確保makeupone’smind下決心keepinmind牢記Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyour

papersbeforeyouturnthemin.3．介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句用wh－類(lèi)的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.4．形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的形容詞有：sure，certain，glad，please，happy，sorry，afraid，satisfied，surprised.IamsureIwillpasstheexam.IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.5.由wh－引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句連接代詞who，whom，whose，what，which和連接副詞when，where，why，how等連接的賓語(yǔ)從句，它們?cè)诰渲屑从羞B接從句的作用，又在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分。Doyouknowwhichfilmtheyaretalkingabout?(which做定語(yǔ))Idon’tknowwherehelives.(where做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))6．if，whether在賓語(yǔ)從句中的區(qū)別whether，if在從句中不做句子的成分，一般情況下，whether和if可以替換。Idon’tknowif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.Theteacheraskedif/whetherwehadfinishedtheexperiment.【注意】

但以下3種情況只能用whether:(1)在不定式前：Whethertogothereornot

hasn’tbeendecided.(2)在介詞后：Itdependson(依靠)whetherit

isgoingtorain.(3)與ornot連用：Idon’tknowwhetherthemoviestarwillcomeornot.7．賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述語(yǔ)序，即：連接詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋其他成分。Ibelievethattheywillcomesoon.HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacher.Theywantedtoknowwhattheycandoforus.8．賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)受主句的限制，即：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),從句用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài).主句時(shí)態(tài)從句時(shí)態(tài)連接前連接后一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)保持不變一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry，butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhewasin.HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthestoryThe

Old

Man

and

the

Seawhenhewasin.HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.★如果從句是一個(gè)客觀真理，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)而變化Theteachersaidthatthemoongoesaroundtheearthyesterday.9．賓語(yǔ)從句與形式賓語(yǔ)it(1)動(dòng)詞find，feel，consider，make，believe等后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，則需要用it做形式賓語(yǔ)而將that賓語(yǔ)從句后置。Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhot

watereveryday.IfeelitapitythatIhaven’tbeentotheget－together.IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries.Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismatter.(2)有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需要在賓語(yǔ)與從句前加it。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞主要有：

hate，take，owe，have,seeto等。Ihateitwhentheywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractical.Itakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.Whenyoustarttheengine，youmustseetoitthatcarisinneutral.(3)若賓語(yǔ)從句是wh－類(lèi)，則不可用it代替。Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable.Wediscoveredwhatwehadlearnedtobevaluable.10．賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移主句是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think，believe，imagine,suppose，consider，expect，fancy，guess等,并且主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來(lái)，其反義疑問(wèn)句一般與賓語(yǔ)從句一致。Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.而不能說(shuō)成Ithinkhewon’tcometomyparty.我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)來(lái)我的舞會(huì)。Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?如果賓語(yǔ)從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞，其反義疑問(wèn)句要用肯定形式。Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully，doeshe?11．賓語(yǔ)從句不省略引導(dǎo)詞that的情況(1)賓語(yǔ)從句前有插入語(yǔ)。Wehope，onthecontrary，thathewillstay

athomewithus.(2)有間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。HetoldmethathewasleavingforJapan.(3)that在與之并列的另一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句之后.Hesaid(that)thebookwasveryinterestingandthat(不省略)allthechildrenliketoreadit.(4)在“it(形式賓語(yǔ))＋補(bǔ)語(yǔ)”之后時(shí)。Ithinkitnecessarythatheshouldstayhere.(5)that從句單獨(dú)回答問(wèn)題時(shí)?！猈hatdidhehear?—ThatKatehadpassedtheexam.12．直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)句子類(lèi)型連接詞陳述句that一般疑問(wèn)句if/whether特殊疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)詞祈使句肯定句to＋動(dòng)詞原形否定句notto＋動(dòng)詞原形如：“Couldyougetsometeaforme？”

Mr.Blakesaidtohiswife.→Mr.Blakeaskedhiswifewhe